D

739
.F6713
no.P-150
c.2
Pgn MS

ENGLISH COPY

GERMAN MILITARY LITERATURE

DECLASSIFIED

HISTORICAL DIVISION
HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES ARMY, EUROPE
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MS f 8.180

a. D. Fraat

Ms mrvny of UOTWWI military lltcrat«i» «&« coiiplotod l»y

a. i.'. ilcdnrlch <*w»oh«ol»r«D<lt , an offleer w*li 'i«.sillfi«d for thi*
ta*K by His work on, «llitft^f' Hwtory ncA
d»r Infrnteri» a. 5. Dr. ^'alda^ir Srfurfeh
iau -.u« bibliography and In co8q>l»llag thi»
1,1 th* introSucliois the ^rtthor a^lalat th« prlaelpl»»
he ahotti th«s« works from the m.-npr0}»««Miva neop* of StfmKn «lHt«rjr
llt'ir^tutra. Th» s*l*otioss ghow an ttaa?,u%ll3r profottaA knowl«dce of
llt*ratur» nx*. 1 mgrta vlth hi a ehol«««,
' r«atin< th period e-efore %'orld fear I and tfe* psriod af%*r it in
two »0pamt* ohupt»r« ( the antber d^>* f* brief «wirv*y of the d«T*loj>.
of 0«cwttt wlHtajry litsratars ^Yin£ t,h« nlBOt*«ath and twontleth
/ (mtta*r&tta£ th« l»&dla£ Geraam euthorit and
books. Bi^iio^r^bj represent a a con«cl*ntloae 8*l»otio« fros
mill lory lltwrj*tur». .feven In tiie eye» of th« nost unoo^proail»lng
th«sw books taw of st^rwa* ieport mc« to lh« d»»«lop««nt of military

Slgoodt frana Kaldwr

MS * K.100 -L-

CHM THl

Tb» jNLWLiacmglqr apt>o».do4 to ta|» study oootfda* only ouch nlllt«ry

p**liea*ioa« a* ea& oo eouatoA MM** **» olat«ical unto of
litoratoro. It ! Intend** to offo* * »ol*atloa of book* tlutt
lnflu«ao»4 ttu» thvovy of -wwr d»el»tir*ly and hanr» %«a«wi of *r*«% eoa-
»0qa«ae« in tlx» ln»«ll«ct«al d«r»lop»«ot of «ltt Ownwa Anqr.
Sneh « ll»t «*a fe* «Mi fur v«rl«wi p«rp»«««. In erd*r %« »&k»
it «« v*r**ttl» MI p**«ibl* it h»* MMH eM^li«4 la »t*eh a fashion MI
to wrro, toc*tH»r with fcM* study, A* A * *£» for lootoma om ta«tio»
and o ^oration* «t Hit««7 «e&&miot «&d othor Krvio*
ttfej*ets, taah. & forUfio«Uon«, t«otio«
, air wurfar* mA B*T»I w&rf&r«. altl»«iii taoy
pwrt of Military litoraturo, haro not IM«B iftelo4«d.
by tn» Gr»At Ooaoffai Staff on iUtary hi story1 , taroatlm tlio lapoioonio
<md tJa* tl«Mi ttp to iorid Va? II, h»T» oooa onittvd ao voil at
a««oir« «ad oiocrapfei«« of fawouw «Hit»ry loadoro ,<eae othar ailitary
3
. loaoarawi troatiooo on front-lino oorrieo «»6 taotiet
also &ooa oaittod. Only a fov standard Itook* on opori«tim« woro iaoludod

ffeoy aro a«otioa«d in my «tudy "Qtti4« to th» Study of

>a«tory and Military Kiotori»er«ptoy la Oaraaay in tho ninotoonth
and twwntioth ooatttry."
For inntanoo lao^i^ Hgr 0«zieri»ll«at£uuit a.B. Balok, lxa« boon
tranalatod into «a«y laausffoo «a« "
lorlA lart. Bar 11 n, H*oa*olMtdtt
MS * p-iao -a.
on aooomt of thoi* irtaouMi
Ma»y fffotHjMO. fonwrtjr *ho oal^oolMi of ibouMMl atooaooloa, loot thoir
^tdiifiooMO la th» U*t of tho o^poftoaooo of «ov!4 ikro I *»4 II.
Hoajr «llitarj onttovo MPO fo««ott«i toA^r tiw «MV« «MO eoa»14tr«d tho
00% o»totmil,ng of tholr Uao. 3o«o of tholr «o« ooo»loto
tin po*-tooo * oorttkia m««uiiBe ftw owr ago, for thor
itragi^o ovor tho »o«t l^pMrtottl, MM! fwworly aswh AiooooooA,
of w«om v«rf«ro. fhooo «ti%«ro efto» woro yioaoox
of aow iioao «MU thorofero, thotr l«porfe«oo for

In ttu> Bikllocn^kgr ovo «ark«4 \dth * nvibw thooo *%«ad«rd voifco

widelt » jrowic offtow ohottld vooA. flw oHimr %ook* wnttto»ot «ro of
oooo»da«y i%ertaaao.
tiaoo tho T«l«o MUI ioswrtonoo of a tetoaUfio piKUooltOtt «« only
owoottjr if *ho H»o a»d oliMWMtoaooo of 1%« ofi<ttt aro
Into oooowil, **• Wok« IB tho Bmio*mphy ha^o MM* onta^ratod
in feolr ordov of fO%li««tiom. tbio «ho«14 oaoUo tho «ofeol«r to fom
a oio«r oenoopt oo to tho i«nO.opMmt of toymia ifeoofioo oa M^rfarv;
this wooid too* oloo HM loot wir t» *Woh to %OOOMI ooipoiiitoA with
tho train of thot*«ht whi«h ooo^itoA mo hoot totlfto of «ho Oonwa Anqr
froa Cl»tt**wit« to iohUoffMi »* l*t«r.

1 Othoy vo^co «ot ll«t«i im tho ItoUocvoiir hMW MW Imalttdod la tho

MNMMOO of tholr volao for
mf
CHAJTJS 2

U1SHUTUIIS WOELD Wft X

XI »f »«liK*tft*

lactaaao, th* fg»«timi of »«»»nt/i.ft«r

would |N» of «* rrri«w«
vat
et**f»r of

IUMI aall*&

of of la
la »f
. tin Owl VM
la th«

la . St ««tft
of
til t«« kind. of
INI lw%««r 1% mt ey ho «rolo,

, tte
of Fr^srlck XI.
ftr«a«l«»o4 «»4 «fl«Dt«%od

(Hl.torlc*! MA ItMort. A. taiwol

SttUM. 1907), p 309.
»3S

«M|iar*a wit* ma* of t&ai* f*r a»*y t«&r» that *ppa** ta 4ft*
ikiiaa& aya avaa laa* a£t«* t&tp a**» laft tha tpti *&«» «* «•*
Malmrto. ron Kaltkt, pupil la t«io offie«r
it« h««d, «*•* amch to tola, an
«*«• XrajUMffV •ven sy«yt«^-i«rl»^^i8Ti»* »«bsdtt«d to
vea ««!«» a graft far th» fo*^w>rd t« th« nev edition ef T«M
&• *tr«*M4 that «• o«w Cl*«*«wlt» vwfjr, rwry MMiu 1»% oaljr
Moltk* bolld M* HHttMttC on that of ClietMviti. Hit •» a tt«4y of all
tit* ««n«raJ» «fao fought th* *f «t«fi«Bt tMOW of 185« and 18TKU71.
on* la tha S»nwai Jurar 1*0 ««• t»«4chi«« alwftt «arfar* wfwrad
3jr or «ab««MKd0m»ljr to CI&tta*i4t», «tao« oo«q»ar*d to Mil othar
aaA littl* to »«y oa «trai««r.
ct tewvwr, did oat attract tha attantloa of
•of tha offl*ar* «orpa aa MMfe *t wottld h*»» INNM daoiraala. Ma
out fav ateol*A hftv vttfttn tharotijfliljr* Ha IMMI roa^wrawl WMM as a all!twry

Aa efflttMr ca&artUjr if atr* ittollatd totmrd* tha praofeiaal »lda of

11 f» g&4. wbam laaldHf vatvartlt|r tralnta^* <••«* aat paoa»»* tha

only l*tar la 11 f*. Of 0M»rw( MM* eh«?ptara of Qlausavlt*1 ! we«k(

•«p«elaliy thaa* daaltiag **th tnotieal t|a«*tlfttt** ha»» baan raadarad
th» great ^MBdM ia w«rfat« terla< th» l«*t haadirad

(Ka» aad
a* I taw ?ho»). B.rlin, ^ttl.r, 1»23),
Bovovor. dtfOMiftts'* tfcooiio* mi war and warfare »• w*il CM hi*
en th« rel« wMoh «plrltu»X for*** i-lay ta «ajrtl»* sate hl»
Hie work c«a *» precxorly «ppro<Jlrt«4 oaly «*•» it 1* re^wrded a« -m ostity.
Only th*m oaa lt» f?*ftt ?Mlo»ophioal
tl«« &t >f«ll «§ 1%» «r»»t iap«rtanc« for th«
Ho lator m,the
Up to th» Bddil* of tb» nlnflt«i3nth «ntm7» aillttry thinklai; In
4 V Joaiai'a id»a.§. tfeua, jsany of
of

(fluiery of UMI Gr»»% War), tm id*l. cencrurrtd vlth «i«

% U»% ttw that »Jall oft iaoffir llne« aud M»
of a»ft«*bUB« H ttlil

dr«w oortain conclurtoiw frwa ill* arontt of th« War*

and twrswd thM A tlioory of wMTfiuro. Se rooo«nl£*4 only

pri»aipl*« D^i«h tcajroel/ go furthar of neat*.

Y*%., la spU« of all. pvtnt««* tMnldn«, thus* prlaelples

««ttia aod «c«la la wurtlaw. This prorod to U* tk«
and II. ?h*r*fo»*» tl» «*!«* of *1 Hi son 1 *
if wtfqr «f Mo opi»lon» BO longer
?OA Moltta*'« iMmUl 4«voiopiB«Bt couUau«d la close attaeht»«nt to
antll th» pupil ««tcr*w hit t-achor. "on Moltte Intm4uo«d

Jrsa Vfe* Bw»si«a okiwf of stuff of v&rld '-t'ar IX, Schapo«ehntio»w, la

hi a voolc, BM QtiAm* Ara> Armoe. (Tho 3raln of the Army) follo««d
olo«oly
 Yo »tr«tf do tktaftdae into *ao work of tbo 3ro«t 8o*orol
Staff and froo* tt frea tito rtgi* ml«« of

0*HtiM o* owl Siooatlan of %or»*iea»)» it o«a

oo oooa Itow o3*o»»at«2? tho fioi* WarsHal draw up hit «trtt*o«io
ffel* woiaiUoo io »M11 * rtoh ooweo of lnfor««*ic» for .-iayc>o.t
la «tr«toito faootiono.
JSootatoo of <lo)it]il*« tafltto&oo, the probloa of ooo&oration
jti »oo» &*«lo*%odL aft«r tho o*%tlo« of
Nolltol ro«Krtteift IMa ytoolom a* p»r«««uit
faro aad o«MP«ao4 for * oaluttoa tfcoti oa tbt oUtomotf ooadltlCM of tran»-

A book ojr Oborotlowtauuit &.£. n»a Seha«rfolt» for ABA? yoov» »hl«f
of tho MoXtko Mirioioa ia too UNM* Softoral Staff,
(Sao Soraoa ?l«a» for Aa«t«aoiy 18H-1890), |o
olopono&olo for aft og^roat&tioa of «oltk»*« nonaor of operraion und fer
a oorroot JttdcHoot» aooorttac to olUtwy potato of ftov, oa

th* IO«A of vor for the first

ttsto t& 1371.
;O»o»t ororr ?*& "«» -Srow up now pl«:» ooMae thoa en
or«r ottaaafiln« poUtlo&l *od aoadlUoao. 31* fortlliij of art ad
to *lo»orjr, oa4 ho *Lmqro b*6 iwaofcbtr
1 Jarlia, Wttlwr. 1909. (ioHowor** aeto.)
? BorUa* mtUor. 3J&S®.
S Svoa ia lift YOU Molt*o lui« to 4ool wl*h a oilnMlioii brcujit up
a %«o>fTO&t war.
 MS 4 P-150 .%.
leopfeolff »t M* disposal if th* aatMfftM tufci* teamM pswfa m«ieeaa*tft(l*
X* «plW of kit BBswrottt publication*, voa W»ltfc» 41 d not «8t»bU«h
a ajratM. In M« opittioa it «*« iap»»»lfcla %o lay 4MB «m«ral rul*«
for eoaaaeteva eoaoandait tl» •olvtlcw* of tlMly t*dw. flw froVlM
%• different vtuxg il»». 9 «• WM afndd, that A «taH
fSiniftaitAf ttonda 1%
ta«« * rt«i* tefttiia** llMvaitemi at
«a tlm •»•«£* of &M«itfra*t*.
la U* «i«r«%loa« voa Naittet oA«a foU»^* a that
of S»jwl«oa. Aftav TWI Moltloi'* d««th, th«r«fo», Ite arow «•
to
Soon this &M*r*a»ut cr»w to to tb« at to whl<A ««•
oa iaanr wr <mt«r lias*. 10

eondttot of varfata to a l»r«» *agr*a. SMNI aUifcuy aathor*, a* for

ln«t«aea flraf Toric vaa *f»rtoabttr*» attll ooa«ifl»raA Sapolaoa
iviaai a n»v «af <mMA m* to %•

Torfc vaa w«rtaa%arc put hl« aaaa Laailgr ia a alarwr Wok,

_U Cltapala
oa M «lilt»ry I*»dw). Hit wortc

», it »ttu affara a
tiaalarlr la yvma&ae
Mm
9
_.^ - _.._.._,,, - ..._._. . _..._.. r,*»wJ)t P
<RW;«
10 taa oaj«ra»«loa "oatar liaaa* aa4 «oa* into omrroat o»* only la 1866,
11 a»rlln, £tltU«r, 190B, Sth at.
MS -8-

Keltke'ii ftide, I. von T»rdy <*a Ver&ole. carefully avoided taking

side in the disoussioa m the dlffereno^s fcel*«*a 3«i#oleou** &&d ^
fltrate^lc isethoits. In Ms fty»4l3& u»^«r de^ Ijrtfjf (itodies on
"*rdy stroseos the adTtmtocss of the inn«r liaesi ne»srthei*»«, in Ms
opinion, the concentric oper»ti«fts on outer lines require espeeially
favorable prelialnaty oonditions. ?arUo«l*rI? ia the third part of Ms
studies, "Strsilecr*, he treats s>«oh fittdaaeatnl problems me objoetive* of
c^er tioa sad lines of operation, whtoh are still important todej.
0«n«ral wn. Seherff, one of the foremost military authors of his
time, «T*oiallsed ia theory of w*r. ^esVimowa ie his
13

Theory of iTrosont fl«o Warfar*;. %.« troAtiM w*« wwdt notiood &t th*
of UMI oonturjr and atlil HF-» *ome slpilfiosaoo.
4s 0«neral d#r InfuuU'/l... ,. ,. „. vox; 'HI use, a i'orto«r atsSstaat of
Moltk», aadorotoot It, Moltko wmtod am exact aistinction to o« rnado
¥otvooa Hapolooa** strategy «m4V.La »%\. Tori Moltko oa|>rosoed this «a
follows! "^triktofiy is at Its bo«t when It sttoooods IB
parts of th« «nqr froa different fronts 1% * short aarch to the
1

flolt MarsttsJ, took, the graatost luterost la TOE. fflwto's

14
known taojt* , its tasks

12 I. von ftrdy ^u Vernolc. "Operational (Berlla, Hit tier, 1«»1),

?»rt IT, ;<o. 3, P 01.
13 (3erila t Mlttler, 18ST.)
14 laf of pysuf «1 seo^ Hsares (Tha Haomtors of the Prussian
" Berlia, klttt«r, l»i.)
IS Letter to Hater! eh van freitaohke, 1891; alto in
, p 210.
16 , Mittl«r 1912, edition.
m I p-150
and Expedients), lie added ntassrous f*rsoaal notes to the draft of the
first edition (1882) that influenced its final shap« to a large extent.
to the third edltloo of his book^ttot author stated that von «oltke
18
did not quite keep to the axic* "Divide* »arehf united fight" *
Especially during the advance on the Moselle In 1870, h© did not follow
this rule. Still, Moltke generally kept to this principle, whereas
Napoleon preferred to keep his f'orees together. This vm® their main
divergence in the design of their battles.
Some chapters of von P3uM*a classic are too meh associated with
his period to excite wore than limited Interest today, yet the revo
lutionary change during and subsequent to World Vter I, eould not shake
the general, theaa of this eoaparthens ive work. It enlarged and aoderal«ed
tlie rules of Clausewits and la a precis of Moltke's opinions on warfare.
This b ok c«Qstitutea an excellent guide through the vast and complex
of Bodera strategy. Oraf ;-chlleffen stressed its valw in the
19
training of higher e
mrahal Coliaar rrelherr von cler Oolt» - enjoying early fame
through hi* ispressive book «A iation in Araw 8, (Oas ¥olk In Ua fen),
terlln, Decker 1883, 1st edition, 20 and through several other well-known
studies on military history20^- also aealt with the differences In Fapo!eon*s
and Moltke's strategic Methods. This book - his best - Is called "Ww and

17 "ages 302" anOG3

1P "ls\iB«vitz regarded o-peratioBuo of separate araed forces as a necessary
evil wMch vowld be advisable only In case of considerable 8uy*rlorlty.
1«J See Ton der Chevallerie, General der Infanterif W« voo Blipi.Mll««4! .«
Mitteiluagen, No. 3,1939.
20 €. edition 1925 revised
30a "• r 'Insitftnce ""ran Rgsabaeh until Jsna". (fgo Eoaafoach bla Jena). Ber
lin Mlttler 1906 *?roia jefia untiiT'rettsSlsGn-'lylaa", van Jena bis
s- :r®&ssl8cn-%'latt;lj after 1906
VB § T"-15G " "" " ' ~9&~

Generalship*1, («ri f uad KserAjeiuruaf), Berlin, Decker 1901« It is »asi*r

reading than r'!a,u»ewits conveying hl» ideas to the reader all the MOM Mid
shows the progress !n modern varfare up to the beginning of the 20th eentary,
Its value for instruction is considerable
Von -ier Dolts, considers both jaethods equally valuable. Bi bio opinion
the decision whether to ftaeeafcle separate forces b»for« a battle, car act
until the actual battlefield was rsaehed depended on the amount of uncertain-
ty in a giren eituatloa. Napoleon separated his foroee if he was sure they
would co-operate properly, MoltJce preferred Joint actioia under uncertain
condition*,
Operating on the inner lines had become aoa*e difficult - said Freifeerr
von der Colts - than In Napoleon's tiae. The battles lasted lotiger and
therefore a Quick success could no aore be hor»d for, According to his
point of view defense on th inner lines was more difficult to carry out than
sirft>
an enveloping attack. Be considered attacks' froa several fronts an excel
lent & ans to ascertain the own superiority.
The department of ntlitary history of the Great General Staff did
not see any fundamental differences between Worths»« strate^r and Sapo-
leon*s aiBthoda. 206

20b rolmar Freiherr von der Goltzi "A nation in Aras, * Berlin, Decker,
5. edition, 1899, p.269.
20c Ber Groese Generalstab, _ ^
er,®ri.t3telb|,| (Success in" Battle^ By " What ans '" In'as It " CtotainedT" in
Stiidien ..sur J^-iegSi|e8Chi^ht« «nd_ ^^i^ (Studies oo Military History
and Tactics), ^Berlin, mttler, 1903), Vol 3*
 KS ? I--1SO
-10.

*t&t*d ia
thst 'oltka'g «trat*£? w»* foajideS on that of SapoI«Ott amd only r«ur<s««nt»<l
its sap 11 fl cation and continuation aided fey •»&»*». eag>«<ii«atfi.
*trat*Br, h« thought, did not ftusw toy ^«oial prlncipl*» but was a
ef aak«»Mf% MMMRura*. th» lliwriury wrkw of inwa frsttae-iorti^^'raa ar*

. 'l?t* tnmtis** S«v»lop«d om th« part of th«

a, )»tt«r apyrdclfttion of Clanwivlti ••j^dally hip
gg
(The Bul»« of
froa th* Causpv^i^?i» of
i, &« wall as hit tr«at modal, aoR*i*J«r*d
th* of his r»fl*otio»». Kit t, for
.24 (fh« fow*r
of .7J«rsouality in
has b««oa« staetd&rd work. His other Tswiic* will al*o main tad n their let.
for the present, «*j>«claliy X8,« {^f^^^^iJiJ^B^ffl) ^cri^gari^oba^
Bast* of Military :7ucae»s, on th» of *'ar

f^tw uos<yr-ft ^<<it (^

in
32
23 ^r»at«r attention was pal* to military psychology after World. ,c«r 1
S«NI 5.S«»««, 3.i J
Mittl»r, 1923), F. Altrte&tW Ma
ftd of th® ,
ia V«r I), (Swrlin, Mittl*r, 1933).
34 (.Berlin, Mlttl«r, 1909) t 2fi »«.. Itll.
2S (3®rliB, Kittlw, 1914).
MS 1-150 -11-

the nineteen,*!* and twentieth eeatwies), and .KrJe£jxnd Po^i

(«r«r «»d Politics). All of lTeyt«ie--orla4feovea t 8 "book* have be©a

3«aeral s. van 3ahllehtt»£, held is high astoMJ by Moltfcft because of

Ms cleverness, agreed with freiherr voa A*r Golta in the opinion that th*
inner lines Rave lost their former sapdriority yet &e d«anad» & clear
distinction btttweea the two methods, fon Scfellchtin^ pr«ferre<! Moltka's
stratefie aethods by far, sinee Holtk«*s rola not feo eolieot fei? forces
until their arrival on the actual battl«£rotmd had b«co»* decisive for
the oosimand of great armies* General VOA Sehlichtln^1 • fondrjaaatal
rules for co*Ka*nd stood la <U.reet contrtist to ajoieon1 * principles.
Aeoo-rdiag to hi« the i»«ue of & battle, *inoe Moltlc«*«» tiae, hs4 became
the i;s;afldiat« consequence of previous o>er&Uoas. He stressed this fact
in Ms book falttlaoj^e |^4 str&te^^y^g ••»ritftii>.Si» itjiie d«
m& Strategic i'rtaoij.ies of fodey). E*rli«r operations 4«ternrtne4
the plans for & b*ttl« that deprived tha old Napoleonic order of
10
battle of *sy valiMi.*" " Sohli eh tine's soaewiiat narrow-ialnded rulew" had
an influence on contemporary t&inldaf "aut <tid not noMeve any noticeable
success.

26 dterlin. Ktttt«r, 1911.)

27 Se* p 1 Foota»t« 1.
..
(Oeneral wen Sehlichtiiig aaA hi a Work), (B«rlia,_ Meeker,
. -.
191S)
29 (3®rli», Uittler, 18t7.f°). p 91.
30 The operations at t?lm, Jena, etc., contradict the«* «tr,te»»nt9.
31 Becnll ^ehlicbtinc> e 80->«»lled seven won<iers (Various ways for the
develep«»«% of A battalion). 4s for tfee res%» Sohliehtittg especially
fought for th* preservation of *«ntal liberty aafl respo&nibility.
"Only he is Jiajspy «toe stands up for his owo opinion and knows bow to
keep his eouTlotions. 1' (Koltk«« yarafeohtni 9. Berlin,
 .12.
VOB Sehli»ffen, In a^ftajaajat with Irtih«rr vsa dsr 'Joltse, rsfu»»d
to '4 eriv« -jay Bpwaial aetiiod from HQltk* 1 * mzam«r of COR ducting a, e>rj"Ucm«.
ii« voioed bis opiiiiott s.t the e*at*ttary of Holtke's "teirtlidsty, **»'«* do not.

B*thod, && only tt«8i*» t ou» |J4rtitnilur »to|w s^*j>( , but a. ny of

a w*^ w&« found baok to Clan **ul tit, -«^o had ««i4, "I'h«r» t*r« no

laS« of rul»« for waanuvariOfc, no «*^i0rai ..rlacipie can ,

"*2
the actica* a*c«8«j»ry. B "
v»n s«dill«ff«a first pufeli*h«d his »trat»glo td»m» in th«

of j'lttld Operations aKi Kiiltsry sci«i»fi«). Aft*r hit d«a>t& in

^'lZ, ';-.cse Articles s^aared to«;0tucr with other ascaya in a tii«o voiw
wntitled C^t^f. iatar, t^n ^orid^od edition of this book v&

Juhlieff«& did. not v&at to tt!.;.ch tiiliii-ry history, '.o took Ma

iaspir;:tion frca it cad ao more. He «&d .cot attach great importsaice to
hictcric,J. accuracy; his trout iao:s fiCcordin^y, **i-e not
ful to student* of militarj' history, -he iublia&tions of the
ou the Tiirious caapmiin* offer aor« r«li«ible sources in information.
.-iehitsffaii'tt principloB, alaont iaTartably r»oo«ra»ndiutf the envelop! a«
attack as isolutiers,, fo«nd Htt«r anwd««. Oraf G. vo
F, voa 3^niiarli, *ud several others chwrj,«d biw '4th iuir

32 Clauwwdita, 7^_JCrle,<fS. 15tH «d. p B?0. S«e also 5j«h«firtg......Tki .

dft8...?'jfl!a<»ra^» C. ..y«.....fiamajRAtti. uKd <S«i| .?i^tt^3rli^.ir» r^lftUi<i<<i.t«. II, \> 377,
**rh» b«lS«f i» an «2solu«iv«ly successful aetho<\ ia :» *inel
plan has ulwi»ys ie<l to de«truction Jhawt a« it ha^*n«d to K«ick f«e.
MS * IWiSO

Goaorsd TOB Schliehtin* *roa doelavod that Sshlioffoa wao aiai&i «P **»
hiatorloal period* and did not derolop Woltko'* coaco^ tions %»t ehan«*d
33
thoe aooov&iim to hi* ow* idoao.
Baaing hio flow* on tho outieos* of tho hattlo of Loathoa, Gr&f von
Schlioffon triod to provo iahi» work, ffnmflf, that tho onrolo^eat wa*
tho stronfioot and aoot offoetivo fon» of att&ok. It wao sot quite
correct to ««y, *• ooao did, that Moltho taught v«r Iwt Schlioffon.
» «foaifio font of w@r.
In ordor to approciato Mo ido«« it lo aoeooaaxy to look at tho
taokt that ho oot f^r tho conoral »taff offioora and to ooaoidor tho
roporto of tho arnraal taottcal conforonoos of tho Oroat Ooneral l
report* woro paali^tod a* tho IMan»twy»Qhriftoii Aon Qonar
(3»rrto« MftuaU* of Hold Mars*.*! -r«f von ''chliwf-
f«n) 0«n«r«l Staff of tho Anqr IB 1937. ftugr thow how SoMioffon «trn«Klod
with the pjwfcloa of fitfhtlng •cstfluit «a mumf of laporior ttroagth.
B«oauao of Oowwny1 * coograpMoal po aitIon. op«rf*Un« on Imowr liso*
•o«t«d to offor tbo only ehaaoo in * H«j^it a«alii*t @A «nv»lop«ont fey a
•*ip«rrior •ooaf. Tho ia&er UBO« enablod tho voakor to prevail, at tho
crttieal opot and to OVOTOOMI %gr inoroasod w>WHty tho droadod "on tho
36
staroh* of JYodorioic II. ^dok s,ad oowjploto viotorio* woro roiialrod,
howoTor, and. ia opposition to Iroihozr TOO dor Oolti, 3chlioffo& coa-
•idorod thoto po»*i*lo if ho fcopt .triatly to tho «xa^plo of tho battlo
33 Froihorr voa Oafli Qoftfya^ ..fffii .,?o|iAI<lllllM- 9 &5$. Schllchting
oopociaily w&o m oppoooat of tho "practioo battlo".
34 Vol It "Th* Tactical «cd ^trat^gio fatko from tho Y«ar«
(Itto t«ktlo«h-itratt«i«ob«» Aofgatea &«• doa /aluran 1891^1905),
(Ti» cxoRtoa Cf«ooral9tal>oTOi««A Oot au« doa Jahron 189X~1©08).
35 ,:;urin« tho SOVOB Toaro War Prodoriok IX loot araoh timo by
to iMat tho oaoar «*» stood on tho <mtor linoo. ttilo ho wao "on tho
a»roh* hi« opponattto found opjfortunitioo to «»in
MS f F.19Q -14.

of i*ath*n, H* ftfforit* Bod*l. 9t% ft* «aaa & H«a)e *tt««Jc,

of isilltary M«t»*3r*» ho eon«ld«r»d A #**** w^erlority in
lndl«pen*abl«.
An "ordinary <vA«t*fy* m* inefficient, beoau** OB tlw inner line*
th* 9&m? had to bo MoaihilAtod coE»pl«t»l^. To uttalli suet a daratttiU
lag victoryt Scftll*ifen •&id ( tho woonf svcuit not bo iftttjackttd. ^jy ons or two
arwy oorp« tot tgr oa« or Mrorfcl &rmi»». tnolr thrtuit mift aot b« dlroatod
nt flank of oppo»«a* hln !!»•» of r«tr»at "In lattatloa
a?
of the ea»pl« of Ul», of winter cnapalgii 1907, aad of i«4«a 18*.
Th« d«»crlpfeion of Mao*
la M« %•»*, __
of th« Art of Vlarf aro a« gr Political
«5ohli»ffo» how to boat % auperlor "with eta ia«d«<pAta force".
It aw«k0a«d In Ida th* coaoo^t of tlw dmfel* •oTolo^aont, »Alch ho
late wa At took from four «ld*s. Xt i» aot only tho
party that oaa »}>S)ly th* G»aa«* n§tAoA» Th* *nv*iojf-aeat,
for*, 1» aot «»sltt«tir*ly a «*an« for th* rlohi th* «*«k*r foro* it al*o
off*r*d a ohaao* for »ao9**«. Hov*v*r t 3chil*ff*n ooont*d & lltti* too

5chli»ff*n «»« «moh too »voad «&ad*4 aot to that th* Idea of
. .. 38
Conna* could aot B* appli*d la *vwry tituatloaj h*
39
la hl« tmnks, for
26 -oalliwr, * ^oh^i efforts ( SeaU*f f*a*» * M«rl U4?e;,
wi«3«n«2hAftlloh« Ittadsehan, 1938, p 17.
27 IM&'t .I^^Hl^ffill • &9®3>* IP 17*18.
38 Variout ooa<Wtloa» conld mmdftr tH» Cfuina« nethod ia«ff«ctiT« for *x«apl»(
S-.ftCO.
3S ;l«a fh* fectlcal Conf«r*BC*u of th* U«neral staff of 1«3? and
a» vail fc» th* ?.oollMr, S«hll«ff»o» ?«m««ehtoiii, • pj» 30.31, M.
MS * P-15Q

But He leapt hl« penchant for *«»«lopa«at and attack, probably ia order to
train the antiy for offeottw op<*r<iUoa». 3f**«f%h«i*»t his twMStolng* «m»t
not fee interpreted to aean that th» ejw*loj.<a*»t i» the only »*«8a to
attain victory. Th« oo^aador't *na initiative will deter«in« tti* ehoie*
of th« toast aethod.
aid not set auch «tor* in Koltke'a «q^«i«l9t«d awthod of
»«p»ratioB until thw b«ginxtiBfi of th« batUo. ^th th* gr«»t
of l«ti«3r it wouid oft«i not be pos»l>>l* to »%«nr*t8 th*
Uie aa««aWLy or to k«aj. the* teparatod *ortB« tfewi ad,v«n
soluUo* |^rop0M4 V Schliaffoa va« to *5raJS«» in iinoi a«ain*t tho m
^atl i«t Ubt protnudSac flaak» yl^ot «c*ia*t tho hottil* floak*. a«»id
;: r«',.-*turo pivotlag. «ad *« a raiult »a»» th« troop* oafor* tha enangr liao».
The prlaelple* he propfigfitad mat with «qro«t attontioa. They e,p;»«Ar*A
to K«ui/ allltaxy «ttthor» as h«rtn^ ipr««t«r praotienl TAlao than Cl«m,»a-
wit* 1 a pointa of rt*v »tue« they wttro oonoarna* with th* queatioo of th*
•tm^l* *4pai&»t a superior opponant -«. it <|a*ctt«o of «9»oi»l ia^ortane*
for
The operational training40 vhiah Schlioffon geev* to tha Oraat Ganaral
Staff fouad a rich reward. Doria« rferld War I it prodt*o*4 * greater
uniforadtjr of oplaion on priRcipal quautioa* of eoaaaad, at leaat
the aajority of hi^er oottna&dertt, than had betm tit* ea»* during the
wars of Onifie«tion.

40 ^t^gft ^ur ^«|^sf«ttf^^,|e yg-d, ?ph^tit: (Stttdi*» oa Military

wid Taotioa){BCTiia^ >flttl*r ,l90Cuiff14} should •!•» t» nentloned here.
 S # JC1BO -IS-

all tho work* or. aodera w-.r:fare, Sohll *££•*'• staKee.

te.vmx.ic. In a&dltioi. to Ida aw?. .?r*iherr
Cernwsdofcorst Troihefr vofc Stelte»iihftUi«a should TM> $!»•» special
>*oa r->lkimhB,w,t«m ooctt|4«4 hli&celf mni&ljr with tfa» problaaw cr*x.t«d
fey aodar& »«,aa &rniQ«. wraT von ScMieffsn also wrote about thi»
41
"iCrleg la d«r
lines, for lust&nce. In his »»nsar*4g'
nd e V«ber 4ie Killt«Ms««l»«r»* (On tlui Maaa

Jan* 1511. la th* flr«t treat! •• ScW.leffeR ttlll fw^coned on a war of

short duration, althou^ witb longar battl*«. the y»&eon» he gave for A

short war (higia •laaderd of «<jonoEajr, etc.) afterward*, la fact, prov«4 %

t.vj&as tc continue the »ith uc.ex,-satad, evmv«u«simite4 force.
43
"ou Fuliomhauswa1 * f|r*t l>uok fuar daati { tr

for ar) i^oqiudn the recder v4th th« ohuracterlatics of

•44
nne hi a fa»K>«f5 work Ber fheee

fi ctvifiy on %^e aoTemeat of tit. us arsde*, i» still worth

His ottier two books, Il&nketibciiMigaa^ und >e»wmheare
end M&at Armlec), Irl g^fuaiunang aqd .yij,»*%yai^|p| (war and Sol»ac«),
n. .:Utlcrl»13, «tlll dfc.«rre thorough ntudy.
The
46
the

¥«r I for prop«£p»da, aK&in*t C-crsMucy. other books th« frl loving
4T
n-.entlcn: (The

41
42 lbi€., Jtee, 1SU.
43 (Berlla, 1903-04} a
44 {Berlin, Wittier, 1911) 3d «d.
46 (S»rlljt, Hlttler, 1911.)
46 1. v«tti Jiarnhturdl IMUI b»owie famous through his «o-c«»ll«(i Wc tr?.-t«£y
ai»r.ut«" vlth /Tof»»«or -Tan«
4?
MS $ £.100

of Modem •far) and tH» oo*j>r*k*a*lv* and powerful work Yoa hguttflt*
(On K*<t«ra War).
la hi» s»blletttloa» B»rn3iardl vs* oft* of tit* most oaergetic
of p«a*t ration. ffc* study of this proalwe h*A fe**& n«£l*ot*d up to th*
tum of tJM <j«ntt«ry on aooeent »f OwnuM?** mf, ta «pit« of »*r«r«l
r»f«r«aoa« to It by Freit^rr YOQ der th«
y*ar« b«for« ^»rld Waor I, bviMTer of
iaclud«d &4m«ral 0, iron MOMT «ad ?«t th» B«Jorlty
of ailitary loading p.«rson«aiU»i, wbo to it IB nUltsry hintory,
reaalaod aog«UT«. ?h«y did not that, in a futon w»r with It*
•xtoadod front*, flttmtioa* would iMMMM*atil]r orise would

Oa» of th« no«t o«t*t«idijD£ of th»

H«o>»«iamda (?|aart«rlj' torlow fojf Op«r*Uon« «ad Milftaxy S«lo«oo),

pabli»hod by tho 9»*at Q«a«ral Staff during th» y«ur« 1904-14. ?h*
«rtlol«* w*»* of « hlgfe «tandard and offered « Y«»y «P>od outline of th«
preW.«a» of tho and it* <tev*lopo«Bt. Uv*»
ttodont eaa draw from Hum aaah u««fal iafeyaatioa.

48 (Berlin, Klttlar, 191O.11 . )

49 Th« r*f«rwur of tit*
50 Al*o to B* aoatlonod 1st a^»ehiokUloho .fiBKels f ten
Oft . Kitti*r, 1684-1914)
and putoll»h«d tbgr til* &r*»t CHm«ral Staff.
 -IS.
3

imuraa Aim W

had to tO

from ruint. fho ttroDff inflaoBoe of tho Ooaoral Staff* whieh haft
divbaadod •aaawhllOt aonlA no longer »o eottato* wpoa.
Tho Memoir* of tho leading general* *tirro4 vt& many critical
cut si oat, eopooially on OOXMBB otratoflf daria* tho woe a»d on tho parti,
eipatioa of tho General Staff at a oau*o of tho war. DoftoaTal Sri oh
dorff' * hook, Molno ,^ri«<ao|^jB§yrttagoa (Kjr *ar MoBotro), and voa

j?
(«xo ^roao Cooamad Ifa,4-I91«i Sooaatlal Booolunoat),
a doop i&ti^it late tho *tra%ogl« idoao of hoth ««x, o*pocdally
into tho diffioaltio* thoy haft to ovoroowt* AMP valxto of tho to hook* io
of a historical aatwo* ItmiAu^offf^o first hoo^c io ttti^ ; is-ssjiifOd
work* gytoaadap. dor ooartton Hooroolol ^nntf (2oc«a«nt» of tho

la tho lattor otwdy ho oappert*i Moltic* 1 * opinioa la to far a* politico

aro aaid to haw a diolaivo iafluoaeo oa tho nojtoat of «a«in&in« «nd on
tho noaout of «»din« tv war. Ao for tho ro*t, tho Hold Karohal doMadod
full lifcorty of aotioa for tho myrmm military oo»»aa4ar suod ^ontoa hi*
to act Independently of politic*. 5 Kaiser Williao 12 oipreated the toae
opinion in tho follovtnc drattio woardai "^olitioiaaa havo to shut ap in
wartimo cmtll *trmtogjr alloy* thoa to talk again.*

8
(3orli&, Hittlar,
S a«j*raiob*rtt I. roa So«kt aajrt ia Mo Ooo* _______________
(«.»flec«ioJ» of a SoIeUar) (L.ipal*. ioehlor, 1938, 3d «d) that "War
it notidag ^ttt a eontiattatiett of for<d^a poiiogr «4tb, tho uao of othor
m#
lowewr, %*34 MAT S pf»T«A .tLaaaoudt* 1 * clasHeal ao&tonoo
tiraoi "aar IB tout a continuation of politio* witb otfcor tttaao.*
ifoil ti o*l factor* *ro «oro Uiport&at thaa Military ]nlnai#lot
sillt&ry «wsoog*oo do not almty* oolvo th» pollHoal jirobleraaj th«
i* the 9«rr«nt of foroign i*li«y.
itill, Ludonclorff'o book «howod tlw olOM relation* !»%«••» |tolitl««
m& strategy mi troatodl thi* probl« ftrom Toriou* anglos.
Lud«idorff ia D*r totale Xriog6 (Ituk itttttl aar) tt**w»d that
v*r, a* a «ttt«ol war of oxtoralaatlon of tiMi »»ti«NB» iavoiirod,
o ^aotlior eh!5jr»otor than In foraar tiao. Boooaw of thlo,
prlnolplo of tho disparity of wars i» roadornd obaoleto: and
total my 4*MKid« ft totnlitaxlaa polifljr **•& is pO*ootl»o. So olniaod,
thoroforo, th»t ailita»y end aot j oil U eel &uth0rttlo» »ho«ld tako pro-
la wi«rttao*
0 tho chArz^tor of tot«l war * -usar
7
aoroy * «afortua«toly h*ro INMNI, fwrtflod by tho kind of
by all ttie parUoifatlog afeUoa*. Hio A»erlca« Ctnil W«r had
8 (Ruench«, 1936.)
f Soo aloo J» Birohor m& Cla« Cxvoh^Joe&boirfi, grtoa: giyiO <an>Ao (liter without
.^rcj-j (^uorlch, Scleutia, 1937,)
8 Partly aloo f&o tf«r of ladopondonoo 1T7^»1?«3, «Mcdi tttmoA a«ain«t a
part of ftho nation <th« Anortean l<oyall*t«) utoet MUNI forood to lo«ro
their hcHMotoad*. (Editor'* Motoi It «KmX« o» teoro oorroct tc t^y
that both woro dni MTV and «jhiMUd ohsraotorlttloo whloh fr*ja»a*.
ly oro difforoat thaa *ar* votvoem &»H«NNO. «tat«i, oat to r*R«h tho
that tho Jva«rloan n«r of Indopoadoaoo and t)M Asorloim
woz« *nytaia|? liko total war io a «ro«o «4«lnt«rpr»tntlco.)
m # F.IBO

«howa aiallar foatw»»» tot Cioraaa ailit^ory vrit«r* did &ot draw tho
aonolttaiOB* froa their stauiio*. Lud«ttdorff'« rorolatioaary ldoa» on total
war and th» otrmtoty portainim<| to it not with violoat oppooitioa free tb»
rmblio. Pjofaaaoy Ha*« SJolfcroook, otpocially. attaefcod i*tfa*Aorff*o
•tratofflr violently aad act alw»y« fj«it« fairly. D«11mx«ok, rotvmlni!; to
of
r«pro«oh*d Ludo»A»Tff for liMtac «i<iJu(S^od tlao rtttuitttm anil for
10
w»*d a oonifaoriits otrmtogy **we only « •tra.togy of oatatctios wns f«s«ibl«.
D«lbru«*fc's Mo*t oat»t mdiaf book, tr«aelat*<i into Bm««t«s In 19S7.
11
1* Gaoohlchto dor Irto«riauMit i» -ohaoa d«r polltloduua Oe«ohioht«
(tii*tery of tho Art of WnrfMro s» »ho«n of >oUtictd. -ilitory). It
th»erio« of MMT and tho r«l&tiou» ootvoon «trat*«r «id politics; y«t IB
•pito of it» ooTvrak int«ro*ti&i$ Idea*. oaJgp * hl»torl«u will think it
. it« taoMBcl&turo i» boia« ssuoh contested.
S. Motto, in bi»
12
horr& (On tho Spirit of Ooroun Hilitary Loik4o»»}. ex^lain^d tho {.rinoiploo
of tho «pro*t OOXWHI militflory thinkort aa,<i tho
at tho tmnd^ point of tho oightooattt oa& nlaotoonth eoatnrioa. no ao~
kcovlodgod tbo gottimo of Sfl4uwmhor«t, Cl«o«owlti, sad Holtlco, tout ho ovor-
o«tia%%o4 ^hlichtiag, Gulling hi» «a opponont of '>ir«f YOU Sehlioffom and
*
custodian of Cltnoewiti't an* Moltk«*« harit«««. f)io sdliUry quail tioo

dor
. Tol If, pp 491 and 514? on tho history of ttrato^jr
» ypa Sria^a. tol ?, ^apt 2.6.
10 H. ^llmMMSk Krigji; ,^4 ft>^itik ^,»14»_^. (war sad ^olitiao
(Borlla, 5tllie , 19^J. SM» ftloo fowritosr t I. 3ol»rao«le, oia Fortraot.
maler (Kwjit ^«lbru«o-. a Paiat«r of Fovtraltc) (Berlin. Kittlor, 1V22).
11 <-:".,<riir:, stilko. 1920.31), ?ol ? and oontinnod by t)a»iol aad
12 (iiuriofe, 1988.)
m
of ffcllemhaam, Hiaftoritarg, m& IxuSmfartt «r» toHfttiMc ««umy»4 ia
with SailmiSMsSK1 * vi*vo. fh» b®«Je» howowr, ftamlahes Iny;OT%«n% k»lp In t!i©
<wr«dw»tieii of th* aajor j>w>W,»«* of wyr «n4 la •tndptttg w*r fr&m a

prter to X, pn»bl«m« of war ofton -.tie-

3ut net until «ft«r th» w*» ^11 4 a r«all]r ww^niMAAf* adlltary litwratuy*
oa thi< fccjilc 8«n» into *xlHt«xa<. It t« aot tf tat«Tae%i«»»X inpa
a« 16 tre&l«4 audjtii/ t^nuui |»robimi«. 'l'h« IMUUnAaf Iwoka ovg^l to

}. 4.

book the
<iaisditl«a« vusd«r wa««d ant th« iafl that they
had o& lit otttixja*. US
«y. book,
the ;t ;

of 1P06 wa» to for tho f«llw« In Frs.«»«« tit 1914 v*» often dl»mi«*»d
in Oowtun lltor«ttir». IVoe the S«HHN>IM pobllestlon* which
la tii« oom«« to atnt •«p««rlally tH« book
16
I).

13 (Airlin, , 1S34.)
14 (Serlla,
10
If *d.
 -2S.

4s Ms
ia .*. *p
la 1939. v^«f^l«ttt»«g*t «,.&. rfilholw Gre«n*r, «R open *w5wlr«r of
oadwa«tif«ly <4m SebU«£fta fo; IteM la
ami&tion ntsoo^ •Rp«rl*. In hl» work,
Q«if <8rwf SeJ>Jieff«i«« «11 a»A to a certain
of tha «tw!y "ftMUIKi1*» -"ift
of th» »rror8 of tbe Caytw

of o|»eT tioan. OR ••eotia* of thatr «rr»ralsh»d Ijsawguage, "•m«a®r**!

h*r« »9t ith riol«n% , #«p«ol«lly frwa tfc« leader* vhos*
19
h*
utttdy m «dilt«r7 oli«gr If th» former <rtrt*f of $h*
ftf th» A9*r High Comfit, 0«««r«l dtr Iofaat*rl« -uT).
ia CoNdittm) In of *|*etal i«-
I«rtaao« today. fl^« V**? ifsstfcraottl* |)«W.leati»» g|v»t v^duftble hint*
for th* aoiuiion of Hi* pr»Mttt <l?.y ptv^lwe of «1 lit wry i»olt<qr» sine* *
v»r, In «11 protMkbllltgr, will again %• * war ef ftlli«t9*t. fh*
th« i>*ri«3« of M.«m.ff«lc «&S Moltka *« ««11 a*

of
'!&» flitter ell<itttaaia% H.I. w, :*or!4 W«ur I,
H»;, %o«ft of tiui ZaUsior in lfI4}. '( Berlin 1938)
(ilerUa, , If36.}
US » lu -23-

der lafaaterie a*ft» H. voa Kahl describes with aa expert pen

the accomplishments of the genaril staff in peace a&d war. ike title of
his boos is 'fler Dmtsche t^neral-Btab ^ y»rtMpitaajg| ^^ ^*re.h.faehjpua^ &§a
21
irfejtkriegea (The Oeraaa General staff ia *b» Preparatioa aad Execution
of .;orlf] &r X).
Oberstleutnaat a.I>. 't. Iberstor ia his atvdy, ^as der fljedankfl^wer^-
the Heatal Workshop ef the
Oeaeral Staff), shoved act only the traia of thoagat ef the (Jeraan
Staff but also of the Treaoh end Russian staff* before World War X aad
ait tec. axaet of *a« problen of a twe-frea* WMF. Beta book*
23
ia 2. correct light the achiereveata of the geaaral staff.
Gericraloberst a. VQB Seakt p«kiiea*d a avavber of well vrittea studies
aad books, "hey represented the revolt of lea* experteaee aad aatiriag
Sooe of them are still north
(Mot eat f i*adership), K-« well aa
25
Oat ~~ (Germany betwecm Weat and ii»*t) aad
(lafleetioBS of A Soldier), ia the last book, speakiag of the Value of
i. he expreeced the opiaion that their efforts and sacrifices

21 (Berlin, 1930, 3d ed.)

32 (Berlin, Mittl*., 1921.)
23 Bu» Cteraan offieial handbook, Ser ¥eltkriag 1»14>191^. oaly cor»r» the
years 1914-1017. The neoess&ry docixssnte fer the descriptioa of the
year 1918 were destroyed ay aizwraide in IMf. (fee aathor it in error.
The ai'torlcal Mvisioa aat discorered that the last volttae of this
•eri8« itetu&lly exist* la oae oor>y ia proof page fora. A microflln of
thie oae copy alee exists in the Library of Qeagress ia
(B41tor's cot«)
24 (Berlin, Weiteana, 1929. )
28 (Hamburg, fiaaser.ti *ohe TeTla^B»n«tal%,
26 (£,eip«i«, ko«hl«r, 1926.)
M* * *

&ro oat of proportion to tho rooalts •»£ only load to & war of
2h« taato Voeowoo InooHi* oiUI oaa not »«»««»or My lo^er: it only crush.
ri.iu -4«h«rt»c, ^rofoooor *% th» Univtrottr «f Berlla, teolt
ly with , In

of its u?at*B}* aftd sonllnn^l the tr-iln of of th« gptat

ta M« »tm4r JtiHD^ttaMOtti (^lUtnr u

to la
mill tary ^ *nd v*w> 4o«p«r
o& tho
6ouor&l AOT ZK fan tori o n.~>. . Srfttrtfe 1ro»t«d ia hit
tho followia« ^Poblmoi (1) Tho iaportaM* of nrpfioo la var in J3L1
at
OffroyratfffiBf |n Irtago (fte Ifanmt of Svrprioo t» V«r); (2) Tho ooaj.aoto
<So*tr«elion of tho oootqr la ono*«tA ^attlo m& tollQ«l&& orHnr^tloao In

28
(fletoiy lgp! AaalMlattoa, A itttfcr «• CSooporatloa of Soparato &naloo)t
(3) fteo f««toro **ioh new <i»olAe tho tool* of n war botwoon »«jor

33
exCL4 i'owors).
to Idotoriosl e*woploo Irfnttti pro-rod la tho first book thut
oron today farprls* lo » d»ed«lTo Atotor loir H«tory, tout with, ttia growth
, Kanooatlottto Verla««>Juchh,aili»K, 1936.)
28 (Borlin, mtUar, 1»W,) Jhlo oad tho followltt« book v«ro trtoioiatod
torlc^ *orld «i«r II. Hut first in tt»o Itaitod Btaftoo and tho «ooon4 i
tho .;oTl«t Union.
(Borllft, KiUler, 192?.)
(BwrlU,
»t f K.110

of ami** and th* looker duration of -battl**, tt b»t tooox* mvi 4HLfftmlt.
%• s*«md took tar*fct*d * aUdlrj- safejaet «* dl* ih* afol^tyffoLe (f«ne*ti«i
la B«IU«} yttWi»h*4 If tb* ®«rat« Ssneria fluff. It «l«ilo*e<l tfe* «l*»*it«
on i*l«h th« realisation of * lie***? 4«i>«ad» uadtv pre««nt Aay condi « f n«,
As & re««it «f M* t%udd»« iSrfurl
book the 4id»BRt««M «ftft flltaAvsjitoflo* «f
aandl tlon«» Mtttd tlMMWIf c«noJud«« iho dl«e«t»flffiB of e subject

In th* of th»
If4®,
of

to th« vowr lrft»rth,

at any r&t*, still oo»«t4ir»A a d««ltl«m ao*t
to flalsh & w«r ^dotdy, S&MNI it to ooaalvd* * by
*f* of

f«x>o , In his
(tfe* »o«»»^i d«f«n»o vlth nil ft* p099lMliti$t.
3X ~ Use VttlawnifeUity of ccwsMnlcr^lon* by aisutaid* w»d
tiie e^loltttltwi »f tit* iaA*r lln»9 la *o*!4 ^MMr II.
froa th« SAB% to ItjO? In «nt«m iM3 took at l««st four w»«k«
of th« aomel tia* *f tp-u day*. All r^ll *«fc#<tul** w«r« tipn»t.
»«a*ieMo4 by Te^iSy
on %r)» *ltr&t«fflr-*,
, owiMflr , ra,"^tti~«r f 1909)« p IS ff»
 net
ow
*i
10
-€ f sn
 -27-

i.

* Clon**vitx, carl **m, IhiiJfriafii (On »•»). . first «6ittoft, 18 32-3-

..,atAth **ttioft. Milk «ft latrixhiction If Ov*f Tea SobUtffen.
____rixte*nlh •dltion, Soa», Uwl«r» 19W.
* Moltk«, S«l»«th, Oraf
%IVM«. i-ttkli«J
X. MilttiMMrl Mil* Serr»*r
If.

WLttl«r.

v >p«cl«l ?«Wi«»tloa« by tfe» OrooyiO. Staff. Military m 9*0*7).

(;-Hjltie» in jfenHNttioJi of Op«r»tioit«. ImrUa.
l*r, 1904.

•Tork
. *»rILu, mtn«r, 1@0@« IVo Volume ».

shi v) - , 1901. Wltloft.

, F. IQA Vef Jtyutl^ai (On Modtrm Berlin,
Two
1 Hi* coaUian two very «*l««r«lr« lltl» of ^ook* r oo«
parlod S &&& th* elfttr for
MS -28.
*
(9* Tewtr of
9<M0»i fcttttoa. i»ll.
avw 1813-1614 (The
f 1813-1 ;-H;.

Third . 199S.

Works). Bwlln, Ittlw. 1S13, Two vol.«««.

, 190S-U.

II. XSff Of MJLJtAlf W0» AffBt WCHLD KJJ!

*ad

Xtx, A. a Wear and Mar

, M|tU«r, 1924.
. y. (Th.
- lan for 1S?U1WO) »
the •f

Sdltioa, 1934.
(Oraf SoMl«ff«i'« ,111
Uoa, 1990.
. Berlla,
Lrd iWltlou, 1930
. B«rUa,
MS * -19C

ftuv for
Peliey »n4 Ktlttavy . Bwrlim, , Slue* ifSC-

(0« th» Spirit of

fi«n«r;a*fc&b 4»* H««r»*v

iSrfurth, (fit* Moawnt of Bur>si«*

of

(B«eiston la
•ah&flllah* Rttttd*eh«uv
, 1940.

I.

DECLA