Seminar on MS 2363 : Work in Tunnelling

24 April 2012; Concorde Hotel, Shah Alam

Fire and Electrical Safety in Tunnel in MS2363

Ir. H.P. Looi Hon Secretary, ACEM (www.acem.com.my) Vice President , MGBC (www.mgbc.org.my)
Ir. H.P. Looi, 24 April 12

MS 2363 Contents 4 The Control of Risk 12 - Methane 13 Fire & Smoke Control 14 Emergency Control 17 - Illumination 25 - Electrical
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The Control of Risk (Section 4)

4 The Control of Risk Section 4

Contingencies

Identify Hazards

Assess Risk

Emergencies

Occupational Health

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The Control of Risk (Section 4)

4 The Control of Risk Section 4

1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Hazards Tunnel/ earth structure Methane Electrics Atmospheric pollution Water source Machines Lightings Obstructions, confined space Risks Assessment
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Collapse, cavities Fire, explosion, asphyxia Fire, shock, power failure Poisoning, dust, asphyxia Flooding, collapse, electrocution 6. Fire, noise, vibration, accidents 7. Egress/ingress, visual hazards 8. Accidents,
Identify hazards & assess Risks

C/ERP Contingency / Emergency Response Plan

CSHP Construction Safety & Health Plan

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Methane (Section 12) Section 12 deals with Methane (CH4)

The principal risk of methane is Explosion

Identify source / occurrence Identify Risk Remove/ Control Risk

Decomposition of biomass Coal seams Marsh Water body Waste landfill

Explosion Fire Asphyxiation

Dilution Detection Monitor Ex proof equipment ERP

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Methane (Section 12) Simplest of the alkane group CNH2N+1: Alkanes are colourless and odourless.
N 1 CNH2N+2 C1H4 Alkane Methane SGAIR Air = 1 0.55 Explosive Limit; Flash Point air/gas 5% - 15% -188C Ignition Temp. 537C

2
3 4 NG

C2H6
C3H8 C4H10

Ethane
Propane Butane

0.57
1.55 2.05 0.54 0.65

3% - 13%
2.4% - 9.5% 1.8% - 8.4% 5% - 15%

-135C
-104C -60C -

472C
540C 288C 704C

60% - 80% CH4

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Methane (Section 12)

Methane is the most abundant occurring organic compound on earth. Methane is principally formed from natural decomposition of biomass
Methane seepage thro ground water and cracks in tunnel wall/linings. Water body
Tunnel

Leaking Gas Pipeline Fossil Pocket of methane biomass / trapped in rock Coal seams voids /shale seams Municipal Sanitary Landfill

Tunnel

hplooi (2012)

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Methane (Section 12) 12.4 Detection & Monitoring

a) b) c) d) e) f) Along invert General body of air in tunnel At low level (sumps, pits etc) Methane layering sustepcted Voids above crown level Upwind of tunnel machinery, electrical gears etc.

hplooi (2012)

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Methane (Section 12)

12.5 Danger Levels 4 Levels

1. 2% by volume (40% LEL) All persons withdrawn, electrical power to be isolated except to monitoring equipment. All equipment intrinsically safe (IEC60079-11). 2. 1.25% by volume (25% LEL) All non essential persons withdrawn, nonessential Ex-proof mech & elect equipment disconnected until concentration is reduced to 1% (20% LEL).

3. 0.5% by volume (10% LEL) No cutting, welding, abrasive disc cutter & non-Ex-proof locomotives. Non Ex-proof equipment to be shut down. 4. 0.25% by volume (5% LEL) all equipment to be Ex proof, Lightings, communication, fire detection, alarm & extinguishing systems to be Ex proof.

hplooi (2012)

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Ex Protected Equipment IEC 600079 Series

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Ex Protected Equipment IEC 600079 Series

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Ex Protected Equipment IEC 600079 Series

Group II, Temp Class

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Ex Protected Equipment IEC 600079 Series

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Ex Protected Equipment IEC 600079 Series

IEC 60079 -1

Explosive Atmosphere Part 0: Equipment General Requirements Part 1: Equipment Protection by Flameproof Enclosures d

-2 -5
-6 -7 - 10 - 11 - 14 - 15 - 18 - 26

Part 2: Equipment Protection by Pressurised Enclosures Part 5: Equipment Protection by Powder Filling
Part 6: Equipment Protection by Oil Immersion Part 7: Equipment Protection by Increase Safety Part 10: Classification of Hazardous Areas Part 11: Equipment Protection by Intrinsic Safety Part 14: Electrical Installation, Design, Selection and Erection Part 15: Type of Protection n Part 18: Encapsulation m Part 26: Equipment with Protection Level (EPL)

p q
o e i n m GL

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Ex Protected Equipment IEC 600079 Series

IEC 61241

Electrical Apparatus for Use in the Presence of Combustible Dust

-1 -4 - 10 - 11 - 18

Part 0: Equipment General Requirements

Part 1: Equipment Protection by Enclosures Part 4: Type of Protection pD Part 10: Classification of Areas where Combustible Dust are or may be Present Part 4: Protection by Intrinsic Safety Part 5: Protection by Encapsulation iD mD tD pD

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Fire and Smoke (Section 13)

Strategies for Fire & Smoke Control

13.1 Storage of Combustible Materials 13.2 Welding & Cutting 13.3 Electrical Equipment Fires

Minimise storage in tunnels Proper storage of combustibles Signage Fire Extinguishing Equipment Ex lighting fixtures

Permit to work Adequate ventilation Prohibit hot work in areas classified Ex.

Refer Clause 25 (wirings) Protection against electric shock Ex standard wiring in Zone 1 area.

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Fire and Smoke (Section 13)

Strategies for Fire & Smoke Control

13.4 Fire Precautions 13.5 Vulnerable items and locations
Timber in heading & face Stores Conveyours Cables & wirings Electrical installation Hydraulic oil Flame cutting/welding Compressed air Storage for explosives Shafts & openings

13.6 Escape routes

Fire mains and hose connections (MS1539-2) Hi risk areas, TBMs to have fixed fire extinguishing systems. Foam extinguishers for hydraulics & electrics Water spray at TBM Direct inject extinguishers for diesel engine

Refer Clause 25 (wirings) Protection against electric shock Ex standard wiring in Zone 1 area.

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Fire and Smoke (Section 13)

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Fire and Smoke (Section 13)

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14 Emergency Control

14 Emergency Control
Emergency Response Plan Event classification Event response Access Lighting Smoke Control Rescue facilities Self rescuers Accounting

Emergency Command Centre

Forward Control (Bridgeheads)

Training
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17 - Illumination

In sections where pedestrian access is prohibited and construction work is underway, fixed lighting may be omitted: 1. All vehicle to be fitted with head lamps 2. Personnel to wear hi-visibility clothes.

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17 - Illumination

Emergency Lights to be located at the following:

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25 Electrical Installation

25.1 Planning Electrical safety rules; Authorization certificates permit to work system Training including first aid techniques Testing, maintenance and inspections Liaison with local authorities Records and drawings Emergency Response

Standards to Comply: HV IEC 61936-1 LV MS 1979; MSIEC 60364 & MS1936

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25 Electrical Installation

Additional Safeguards for Tunnels & Tunnelling Work HV may be required (1kV, 3.3kV, 6.6kV & 11kV Precautions/ allowance in confined space Wet conditions & high humidity Smoke & Fume hazards Explosive atmosphere Risk of mechanical damage Oxygen rich atmosphere LV 400V 3phase; 230V 1 phse Safe Voltage: 110V (using centre-tapped earth)

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25 Electrical Installation

Additional Safeguards for Tunnels & Tunnelling Work

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25 Electrical Installation

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25 Electrical Installation

Exceptions to Ex Wirings: 1. Ventilation with monitoring to limit CH4 below 5% LEL 2. Power interlock; vent system to auto-isolate non-Ex type equipment 3. Failure of monitors automatically isolate non-Ex equipment.
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25 Electrical Installation

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25 Electrical Installation

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25 Electrical Installation

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25 Electrical Installation

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25 Electrical Installation

UL 1581 Vertical Tray Flame Test

Similar to IEC60332-3 flame propagation test

30kW flame

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25 Electrical Installation
NFPA 72 : 2002

UL 1666 Riser Flame Test Mimic a riser shaft 150kW burner for 30 mins. Pass if no flame appear at 2nd chamber. 30kW flame

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25 Electrical Installation
NFPA 72 : 2002

NFPA262, UL910 Steiner Tunnel Test Standard for Plenum cables Test samples loaded into tunnel 25 by 1 88kW flame applied at control air flow of 240fpm Measure flame propagation on sample and smoke density
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25 Electrical Installation

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Seminar on MS 2363 : Work in Tunnelling

24 April 2012; Concorde Hotel, Shah Alam

Fire and Electrical Safety in Tunnel in MS2363

Ir. H.P. Looi Hon Secretary, ACEM (www.acem.com.my) Vice President , MGBC (www.mgbc.org.my)
Ir. H.P. Looi, 24 April 12