Maximum Efficiency Trigeneration

Dr Anant Shukla Technical Expert - TRIGEN Indo-German Energy Program (IGEN) German Technical Cooperation (GTZ)

Life Long Learning (3L) workshop Mumbai, 05 February 2010

Contents

1. Energy Issues

2. Energy Statistics
3. Trigeneration concept 4. Economics of Trigeneration

5. Pay Back Pilot Project

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1. Energy Issues
Requirements: Energy security Cheap and reliable power Problems: Peak shortage Power deficit No power security Open access allowed but not used Issues: Subsidies Free electricity T&D losses
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1. Indian commercial building sector - profile

Demand for office space is rising due to increasing share of service sector Office space with higher standards are in demand Indian office space share 70 % IT companies 15 % financial service provider & pharma companies 15 % other sectors Average energy consumption in buildings HVAC 55 % Lighting + Electronics (27 % + 14 %) = 41 % Others 4 %
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2. Characterization of buildings

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1. Factors that govern energy use inside a building

Climate zones: Hot and Dry, Warm and Humid, Composite, Temperate, Cold and Cloudy and Cold and Sunny. Space use (function of): Occupancy Schedule: Working hours Building envelope: Glazing area Lighting: Natural and artificial HVAC systems: Conditioned/Non-conditioned Miscellaneous loads: Motors, exhaust fans, lifts escalators, refrigeration equipments, etc

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Projected energy consumption in Hotels in India

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Energy Saving potential in Hotels in India

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2. Investment in power backup

Investments in Backup Power Equipment
Rs Crore

Annual operational expenses for Backup Power Generation

Rs. Crore Rs 30,261 Crore Battery Maintenance Expenses Operating Expense for Inverter Efficiency Losses

Rs 98,011 Crore Life of Equipment (in years)

Generator 15 years

Battery 3 years

Expense on High Speed Diesel Consumption

Inverter 8 years

Source: The real cost of power, Wartsila

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2. Energy from Diesel Generator (DG set)

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3. What is Trigeneration?

Simultaneous production of Electricity, Heat and Cold

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3. Trigeneration Technology - Overview

Electricity is the main product, heat as by-product is used for air conditioning and heating Trigeneration uses primary energy more efficiently i.e. up to 80 % efficiency Avoid high energy waste in the form of heat by utilizing waste heat Single system to provide electricity, heat & cooling

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3. Energy generation from Trigeneration ~ 80 %

Trigeneration efficiency ranges around 80 % conventional electricity generation operates at 40 %

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3. Main Components of Trigeneration:

(rooms, cold storage, etc) Vapor Absorption Machine

Cooling VAM

Heating
Warm Water

(kitchen, laundry, rooms, pool, etc)

20 % at 400 C High temp heat

20 % at 90 C Low temp heat

Gas (NPG)
2.5 MWth = 100 %

40 % = 1 MWel

Gas Engine

electricity

Lighting, AC Selling to grid

20 % Loss
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2. Target Market: Segments with Gas Availability (in MW)

Target Market : Segments with Gas Availability (Bubble Size in MW)
11.5 Hotel, 447 10.5

9.5

Market Attractiveness

Hospital, 165 Airport, 1,231 8.5

7.5 Retail, 531 6.5

5.5

Office, 1,384

4.5 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50 10.00 10.50 Financial Attractiveness

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2. Target Market: Segments with Gas Availability and Proposed Gas (in MW)
Target Market : Segments with Gas Existing & Proposed (Bubble Size in MW)

10.5 Hotel 731 9.5 Airport 1,698 Hospital 270

Market Attractiveness

8.5

7.5 Retail 754 6.5 Office 2,590

5.5

4.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 Financial Attractiveness Office Retail Hotel Hospital Airport

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3. Main Components of Trigen Gas Engine

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3. Main Components of Trigen - VAM

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3. Main Components of Trigen - Chiller

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3. Technology suitable to user requirement

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3. Application areas of decentralized power generation

All buildings and industries which use simultaneous electricity, heating and cooling

Hotels, Hospitals

Industries

Data Centers
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Shopping Malls, Residential Societies

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4. Technology benefits

Efficiency

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Environment

Supply

Fuel

Cost

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4. Investment cost and benefits

Cost incurred Benefits

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4. Addressing the issues:

Low transmission and distribution losses Easy availability of power Optimized according to user requirement Low investment risk High profit, if surplus power fed into the grid Efficient use of primary fuel through Trigeneration
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4. Saving potential in commercial buildings

Expected Saving Potential = 20% of existing

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5. Pilot Project - Tamil Nadu House, New Delhi

Demand Power: 350 kWel Cooling: 265 TR 105 TR from waste heat recovery through VAM) Balance from Centrifugal Chiller of 250 TR capacity Heating: 50 kW (LT heat recovery) During power failures: Two DGs of 350 kW capacity are installed GTZ, Dr Anant Shukla, IGEN-TRIGEN page 26

5. Cost Economics

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Thank you
Contact: Dr. Anant Shukla German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE-MoP) 4th Floor, Sewa Bhawan, R. K. Puram, Sector 1 New Delhi 110066 Ph.: +91 - 11 - 2617 9699 Fax: +91 - 11 - 2617 8352 Cell: +91 - 96543 06 007 E-mail: anant.shukla@gtz.de
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