Introduction To Computers and Programming

Knowledge:
Understand the concepts of computer, hardware, software and programming

Computer Science Department

FTSM

What is a computer?
A device or machine which can be programmed to receive data and perform manipulation, such as arithmetic calculation and logic processing, and generate processed data systematically DBP 1995

TK1913-C Programming

History of Computer

The 1st electronic computer was created by Dr John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry in year 1930s at Iowa State University. It was intended for postgraduate students in nuclear physics to calculate complex arithmetics

ENIAC (electronic digital computer) was created in year 1946 at University of Pennsylvania under the American Defenses financial assistance. Its weight was 30 tans and size was 30x50 square feet
1950 - now => Microcomputer (workstation), minicomputer, mainframe and supercomputer
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TK1913-C Programming

Computer Hardware

Input Devices

Capture/receive input from users Execute instructions; compute, compare and transform data Temporary storage for data/programs

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Primary Storage or Main Memory

Output Devices

Produce output/result
Permanent storage for data/programs
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Secondary Storage Devices

TK1913-C Programming

Computer Hardware
CD ROM, DVD ROM (Secondary Storage)

Floppy disk (Secondary Storage)

Speaker (Output Device) Hard disk (Secondary Storage) Memory i.e. RAM & ROM (Primary Storage)

Monitor Screen (Output Device)

TK1913-C Programming

Printer (Output Device) Mouse (Input Device)

Keyboard (Input Device)

Computer Software

Program

An organized list of instructions that, when executed, causes the computer to behave in a predetermined manner. Without programs, computers are useless. A program is like a recipe. It contains a list of ingredients (called variables) and a list of directions (called statements) that tell the computer what to do with the variables. The variables can represent numeric data, text, or graphical images. An executable program that is run in the computer 2 types of software: System Software Application Software
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Software

TK1913-C Programming

Computer System
The diagram below illustrates the anatomy of a computer

system
User App. Software Syst. Software Hardware

TK1913-C Programming

Computer Environment

Personal Computer

All components are directly connected and not shared by others (stand-alone) Several users share hardware resources

Time-sharing

Client-server

Computer tasks are divided between central computer and users computers
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Roles of Computer

Data Processing

Transform raw data into organised and meaningful information Control tools that are difficult to be controlled by human

Control

Design and Development

Data Communication
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Concepts of Programming

A planning process for a sequence of instruction to be executed by the computer Programming is performed to solve a particular problem Phases involved:

Problem Analysis General Solution (Algorithm) Validation Detailed Solution (Coding) Testing
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TK1913-C Programming

Programming Languages

Machine Language

Consists of code 0 and 1 The only language that computer understands

Uses symbols or mnemonic to represent machine language instruction Needs to be translated into machine language

Symbolic/Assembly Language

High-Level Language

Resembles human language. E.g. English Language Needs to be translated into machine language
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Types of Programming

Structured

Pascal, C, COBOL, FORTRAN

Scheme, LISP Java, C++ Prolog Perl, Visual Basic, Javascript
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Functional

Object-Oriented

Logic-based

Scripts

TK1913-C Programming

End of Lecture 1
Yes !! Thats all? Whats next???

ALGORITHM on the way

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