Answers to Sections 1-4

Answers to Sections 1-4 only

Introduction to the answers

As a student, grammar can be boring. The answers the students write should contain all the elements that are given in these answers. The sequence is not as important as their understanding of the reason each part of the sentence functions. Following directions is also important. You will find that =(is), a missing is, and just is.
An = (is) the determiner and apple the noun. (is missing between apple and the)

This is ok in English. If you repeat a word too often it becomes

redundant. Leaving it out is often normal, as it is understood, and not needed. I hope these answers will help you.

Dr. Paul R. Friesen

Part I Nouns
Unit 1 The Basic Sentence
Sub. Pred

3.

He / waved to me.
Speaking = He (=) equals the subject and waved to me (=) equals the predicate.
Sub. Pred

4. A pencil / lay on the desk. Speaking = A pencil (=) equals subject and lay on the desk (=) equals the predicate.
Sub. Pred

5. John / went to the game. Speaking = John (=) equals the subject and went to the game (=) equals the
predicate.
Sub. Pred

6.

The fire / scorched the earth.

Speaking = The fire (=) equals the subject and scorched the earth (=) equals the
predicate.
Sub. Pred

7.

Each boy / had a pencil.

Speaking = Each boy (=) equals the subject and (=) equals the predicate.
Sub. Pred

8. I / wanted a hat.

Speaking = I (=) equals the subject and wanted a hat (=) equals the predicate.
Sub. Pred

9.

Our camp / was in the woods.

Speaking = Our camp (=) equals the subject and (=) equals the predicate.

Sub.

Pred

10.

They / lit the lamp quickly.

Speaking = They (=) equals the subject and lit the lamp quickly (=) equals the
predicate.
Sub. Pred

11.

His house / is up the street.

Speaking = His house (=) equals the subject and is up the street (=) equals the
predicate.
Sub. Pred

12.

Jim / enjoyed the pancakes.

Speaking = Jim (=) equals the subject and enjoyed the pancakes (=) equals the
predicate.
Sub. Pred

13. Many friends / met at the concert. Speaking = Many friends (=) equals the subject and met at the concert (=)
equals the predicate.
Sub. Pred

14. Dogs / bark. Speaking = Dogs (=) equals the subject and barked (=) equals the predicate. 15. This house / is very dark. Speaking = This house (=) equals the subject and is very dark (=) equals the
predicate.
Sub. Pred Sub. Pred

16. Jerry has given me his pencil. Speaking = Jerry (=) equals the subject and has given me his pencil (=) equals
the predicate.
Sub. Pred

17. That boy / is my friend. Speaking = That boy (=) equals the subject and is my friend (=) equals the
predicate.

Sub.

Pred

18. Some days / seem very long. (to be) Speaking = Some days (=) equals the subject and (to be) very long (=) equals the
predicate.
Sub. Pred

19. She / cried easily. Speaking = She (=) equals the subject and cries easily (=) equals the predicate.
Sub. Pred

20. A lamp / stood on the desk. Speaking = A lamp (=) equals the subject and stood on the desk (=) equals the
predicate.

Unit 2
D

Determiners
N

2. Each girl seemed happy. Speaking = Each = (is) the determiner and girl the noun.
D N D N

3. An apple stood on the table. Speaking = An = (is) the determiner and apple the noun. The = (is) the
determiner and table the noun.
D N D N

4. Your hat is near the door. Speaking = Your = (is) determiner and hat the noun. The = (is) determiner and
door the noun.
D N

5. Their ideas are good. Speaking = Their = (is) the determiner and ideas the noun.
D N

6. These flowers smell good. Speaking = These = (is) the determiner and flowers the noun.
D N

7. Our school is new. Speaking = Our = (is) the determiner and school the noun.
D N D N

8. My brother told the story. Speaking = My = (is) the determiner and brother the noun. The = (is) the
Determiner and story and story the noun.
D N D N

9. Your coat is on a hanger. Speaking = Your = (is) the determiner and coat the noun. A = (is) the determiner
and hanger the noun.

10. My car went into the ditch. Speaking = My = (is) the determiner and car the noun. The = (is) the determiner
and ditch the noun.
D N D N

11. That girl gave me an apple. Speaking = That = (is) the determiner and girl the noun. An = (is) the determiner
and apple the noun.
D N

12. Either road will do. Speaking = Either is the determiner and road is the noun.
D N D N

13. An orchard produced the fruit. Speaking = An is the determiner and orchard the noun. The is the determiner
and fruit the noun.
D N D N

14. Its tail was a stub. Speaking = Its = (is) the determiner and tail the noun. A = (is) the determiner and
stub the noun.
D N D N

15. Those deer are on the road. Speaking = Those = (is) the determiner and deer the noun. The = (is) the
determiner and road the noun.
D N

16. Our plans were very detailed. Speaking = Our = (is) the determiner and plans is the noun.
D N

17. Any idea will help. Speaking = Any is the determiner and idea is the noun.

18. Those girls helped my mother. Speaking = Those = (is) the determiner and girls the noun. My = (is) the
determiner and mother the noun.
D N D N

19. Each camper took his tent. Speaking = Each is the determiner and camper the noun. His is the determiner
and tent the noun.
D N D N

20. The men wanted every board. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner and men the noun. Every = (is) the
determiner and board the noun.
D N

21. All men are created equal. Speaking = All = (is) the determiner and men the noun.
D N D N

22. Another boy took her book. Speaking = Another = (is) the determiner and boy the noun. Her = (is) the
determiner and book the noun.
D N D N

23. Their book had many pictures. Speaking = Their = (is) the determiner and book the noun. Many = (is) the
determiner and pictures the noun.
D N D N

24. Neither boy wanted any help. Speaking = Neither = (is) the determiner and boy is the noun. Any = (is) the
determiner and help is the noun.
D N D N

25. Her hat was on a hook. Speaking = Her = (is) the determiner and hat is the noun. A = (is) the determiner
and hook the noun.

Unit 3
D N

IDENTIFYING NOUNS
D N

3. My father came to our picnic. Speaking = My = (is) the determiner and father is the noun. Our = (is) is the
determiner and picnic is the noun.
N D N

4. Trees give us some shade. Speaking = Trees = (is) the noun because of its position as the subject. Some = (is)
the determiner and shade the noun.
D N

5. Many parks are quite clean. Speaking = Many = (is) the determiner and parks the noun.
D N D N

6. The game was a pleasure. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner and game the noun. A = (is) the determiner
and pleasure the noun.
N D N

7. Jim ran down the street. Speaking = Jim = (is) the noun because if its position as the subject. The = (is) the
determiner and street is the noun.
D N D N

8. The men did their work. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner and men is the noun. There = (is) the
determiner and work the noun.
N D N

9. Susan hid behind a tree. Speaking = Susan is a noun because of its position as the subject. A is the
determiner and tree is the noun.
D N D N

10. A rock rolled down the hill. Speaking = A = (is) the determiner and rock the noun. The = (is) the determiner
and hill the noun.

11. Each day gives us some fun. Speaking = Each = (is) the determiner and day the noun. Some = (is) the
determiner and fun the noun.
N D N

12. Cars sped down the road. Speaking = Cars = (is) a noun because of its position as the subject. The = (is) the
determiner and road is the noun.
D N D N

13. A weasel crossed the creek. Speaking = A = (is) the determiner and weasel the noun. The = (is) the
determiner and creek the noun.
D N D N

14. His cat chased the dog. Speaking = His = (is) the determiner and cat the noun.
D N D N

15. My ball hit a window. Speaking = My = (is) the determiner and ball the noun. A is the determiner and
window the noun.
N D N

16. Tom lay inside our hammock. Speaking = Tom = (is) a noun because of its position as the subject. Our is the
determiner and hammock the noun.
D N D N

17. Their cabin was among the trees. Speaking = There = (is) the determiner and cabin the noun. The = (is) the
determiner and trees the noun.
D N D N

18. Your dog ran after the rabbit. Speaking = Your = (is) the determiner and dog the noun. The = (is) the
determiner and rabbit the noun.

10

19. People stood quietly. Speaking = People = (is) a noun because of its position as the subject.
D N D N

20. Every lamp stood on the floor. Speaking = Every = (is) the determiner and lamp the noun. The = (is) the
determiner and floor the noun.

11

UNIT 4
N

THE PLURAL ENDINGS OF NOUNS

N D N

2. Dogs and cats are our pets. Speaking = Dogs and Cats are plural nouns because of the s ending. Pets = (is) a
plural noun because of the s ending, and the determiner.
D N D N

3. The boxes lay on the floor. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner, and boxes is a plural noun because of the s
ending. The = (is) the determiner and floor is a singular noun because of the missing s ending.
N D N

4. Lilies bloomed in the valleys. Speaking = Lilies = (is) a plural noun because of the s ending. The = (is) the
determiner and valleys a plural noun because of the s ending.
N D N

5. Cows ate with the calves. Speaking = Cows = (is) a plural noun because of the s ending. The = (is) the
determiner and calves a plural noun because of the s ending.
D N

6. The nights were long. Speaking = The = (is) a the determiner and nights is a plural noun because of the
s ending.
D N D N

7. The boys served the food. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner and boys is a plural noun because of the s
ending. The = (is) is the determiner and food is a singular noun because of the missing s ending.
D N D N

8. The women enjoyed the waltzes. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner, and women is a plural noun because of the
plural spelling ( woman/women). The = (is) the determiner and waltzes is a plural noun because of the es ending.

12

9. Some flies were on the tables. Speaking = Some = (is) the determiner and lies is a plural noun because of the
plural determiner and the ies ending. The = (is) a determiner and tables a plural noun because of the s ending.
D N D N

10. The axes stood in the corner. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner and axes a plural noun because of the es
ending. The = (is) the determiner and corner a singular noun because of the missing s ending.
D N

11. My teeth were clean. Speaking = My = (is) the determiner and teeth is a plural noun because of its
form. (teeth/tooth)
N D N

12. Mary gave it to the children. Speaking = Mary = (is) a singular noun because of its position as the subject. The
(is) the determiner. Children = (is) a plural noun because of the ren ending.
N D N

13. Classes passed in the hall. Speaking = Classes = (is) a plural noun because of its position as subject and the
es: ending. The = (is) the determiner and hall a singular noun because of the missing s ending.
D N D N

14. The sheep are in the pasture. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner and sheep = (is) a plural noun because of
the plural verb usage (are). The = (is) the determiner and pasture a singular noun because of the missing s ending.
N

15. Churches are built yearly. Speaking = Churches = (is) a plural noun because of its position as the subject
and the es ending.

13

16. The men are the bosses. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner and men a plural noun because of its form
(man/men). The is the determiner and bosses a plural noun because of its es ending.
D N

17. His wishes came true. Speaking = His = (is) the determiner and wishes a plural noun because of its
position as subject and the es ending.
D N

18. Some ladies are waiting. Speaking = Some = (is) the determiner and ladies a plural noun because of its
position and the ies ending.
N D N

19. John surrendered to his enemies. Speaking = John is a noun because of its position as subject. His is the
determiner and enemies a plural noun because of the ies ending.
D N D N

20. The citizens paid the taxes. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner and citizens is a plural noun because of the
s ending. The = (is) the determiner and taxes a plural noun because of the s ending.

14

UNIT 5
Poss. N N

THE POSSESSIVE ENDING OF NOUNS

2. John's sister came with us. Speaking = Johns = (is) a possessive noun because of the apostrophe s and
sister = (is) a noun signaled by the possessive noun Johns.
D Poss. N N

3. The men's hats were brown. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner. Mens = (is) a plural possessive noun
because of the apostrophe - s and the ending s. Hats = (is) a plural noun signaled by the possessive noun mens and the s ending.
Poss. N N

4. Explorers' maps are available. Speaking = Explorers = (is) a possessive plural noun because of the apostrophe
and the ending s. Maps = (is) a plural noun signaled by the possessive Explorers and the s ending.
N D Poss. N N

5. Joe pulled the pony's mane. Speaking = Joe = (is) a noun because of its position as subject. The is the
determiner and ponys a possessive noun because of the apostrophe s. Mane is a noun signaled by the possessive ponys.
D N Poss. N N

6. The class read Dickens' prose. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner and class the noun. Dickens = (is) a
possessive noun because of the apostrophe s. Prose = (is) a noun signaled by the possessive Dickens.
D Poss. N

7. The mothers' tea lasted long. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner and mothers a plural possessive noun
because of the apostrophe and the s ending.

15

Poss. N

8. Tim's pencil is on the desk. Speaking = Tims = (is) a possessive noun because of the apostrophe s. Pencil is
a noun signaled by the possessive noun Tims. The = (is) a determiner and desk a singular noun.
D N Poss. N N

9. Each class read the author's book. Speaking = Each= (is) the determiner and class is the noun. Authors = (is) a
possessive noun because of the apostrophe s, and book = (is) a noun signaled by the possessive authors.
D N Poss. N N

10. Some men pushed Jim's car. Speaking = Some = (is) the determiner and men the plural noun because of the
plural form. Jims = (is) a possessive noun because of the apostrophe s. Car = (is) a noun signaled by the possessive Jims.
D N Poss. N N

11. Our home is near Jack's house. Speaking = Our = (is) the determiner and home the noun. Jacks = (is) a
possessive noun because of the apostrophe s. House = (is) a noun signaled by the possessive Jacks.
D N Poss. N N

12. Any boy would like Tom's bike. Speaking = Any = (is) the determiner and boy the noun. Tomes = (is) a
possessive noun because of the apostrophe. Bike = (is) a noun signaled by the possessive Toms.
D N Poss. N N

13. That animal is Joan's cat. Speaking = That = (is) the determiner and animal the noun. Joans = (is) a
possessive because of the apostrophe s. Cat = (is) a noun signaled by the possessive Joans.

16

Poss. N

14. Sally's picture is on the wall. Speaking = Sallys = (is) a possessive non because of the apostrophe s. Picture
= (is) a noun signaled by the possessive Sallys. The = (is) the determiner and wall a noun signaled by the determiner.
D Poss. N N

15. The man's wife is here. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner. Mans is a possessive noun because of the
apostrophe s. Wife = (is) the noun signaled by the possessive mans.
D N Poss. N N

16. Some girls rode in Jerry's boat. Speaking = Some = (is) the determiner and girls a plural noun because of the s
ending. Jerrys = (is) a possessive noun because fo the apostrophe s. Boat = (is) a noun because of the possessive Jerrys.
D N Poss. N N

17. My father borrowed Tom's ladders. Speaking = My = (is) the determiner and father the noun. Toms = (is) a
possessive noun and ladders a plural noun because of the s ending and signaled by the possessive Toms.
Poss. N N D N

18. Harry's brother came with the men. Speaking = Harrys = (is) a possessive noun because of the apostrophe s.
Brother = (is) a noun signaled by the possessive Harrys. The = (is) the determiner and men is a plural noun because of its form. (man/men)
D Poss. N N D N

19. The children's wagons were on the street. Speaking = The = (is) the determiner and childrens a possessive noun because of
the apostrophe s. Wagons = (is) a plural noun because of the s ending, and signaled by the possessive childrens. The = (is) the determiner and street is the noun.

17

Poss. N

20. Our plans are based on Jack's ideas. Speaking = Our = (is) the determiner and plans a plural noun because of the
ending. Jacks = (is) a possessive noun because of the apostrophe s. Ideas = (is) a plural noun because of the s ending, and signaled by the possessive Jacks.

18

UNIT 6
D N

NOUN SUFFIXES

2. The singer pleased nearly everyone. Speaking = Singer is a noun because of the determiner the and the suffix er
D N D N

3. The author was a humorist. Speaking = Author is a noun because of the determiner The. Humor is a noun
because of the determiner a and the suffix ist.
D N N

4. The Russians practice Communism. Speaking = Russians is a noun because of the determiner The. Communism is a
noun because of the suffix ism.
D N

5. His weakness is evident. Speaking = Weakness is a noun because of the suffix ness and its position as
the subject.
D N

6. The preacher was very unhappy. Speaking = Preacher is a noun because of the determiner The and the suffix
er.
D N

7. Some differences are obvious. Speaking = Differences is a noun because of its position as the subject and the
suffix ence. It is signaled by the determiner Some.
D N

8. His criticism seems unjust. Speaking = Criticism is a noun because of its position as the subject, the suffix
ism, and signaled by the determiner His.

19

9. The soldiers were terrorists. Speaking = Soldiers is a noun because of its position as subject and the
determiner The. Terrorists is a noun because of the suffix ist.
D N

10. The argument appeared useless. Speaking = Argument is a noun because of its position as subject, the suffix
ment, and the determiner The
N N

11. Some people appreciate your kindness. Speaking = People is a noun because of its position as the subject. Kindness is a
noun because of the suffix ness.
D N D N

12. Those officers caught the gangster. Speaking = Officers is a noun because of its position as subject and the
determiner Those. Gangster is a noun signaled by the determiner the and the suffix ster.
D N

13. My assistant will help you. Speaking = Assistant is a noun because of its position as subject, the determiner
My, and the suffix ant.
D N D N

14. The man is a pantomimic. Speaking = Man is a noun because of its position as the subject and the
determiner The. Pantomimic is a noun because of the determiner a and the suffix ic.
D N N

15. Some annoyances bother the boys. Speaking = Annoyances is a plural noun because of its position as the subject, he
plural determiner Some, the s ending, and the suffix ance. Boys a plural noun signaled by the determiner the and the s ending.

20

16. His neatness was appreciated. Speaking = Neatness is a noun because of its position as the subject, the
determiner His, and the suffix ness.
D N N

17. Her sister ate a spoonful. Speaking = Sister is a noun because of its position as the subject and signaled by
the determiner Her. Spoonful is a noun because of the determiner a and the suffix ful.
D N D N

18. Your judgment will help the plan. Speaking = Judgment is a noun because of its position as the subject, the
determiner Your, and the suffix ment. Plan is a noun signaled by the determiner the.
D N N

19. The girls studied our government. Speaking = Girls is a plural noun because of the s ending, its position as the
subject, and signaled by the determiner The. Government is a noun because of the suffix ment.
D N

20. One difference seemed clear. Speaking = Difference is a noun because of the suffix ence, its position as the
subject, and signaled by the determiner One.

21

Summary Noun Signals

1. In basic sentences only, determiners tell us that the word following = a noun. 2. A noun will often occupy the subject position in a basic sentence. 3. Plural endings like s, es, and en often signal nouns, 4. An apostrophe () or apostrophe - s (s) = a signal for a possessive noun. 5. Noun suffixes often signal nouns. 6. Although we have had no unit on this, remember that capitalized words also indicate nouns.
Can you identify the nouns in the following nonsense sentences? 1. His fomps are by the tampster. 2. My libes walked over the turler. 3. Some Moden gave me some roxes. 4. Neither mabes are for either dirgdom. 5. Our dasks seem near the enden. 6. Many moshences are by his stooner. Fomps / tampster libes / turler Moden / roxes mabes / dirgdom dasks / enden Moshences / stooner

22

7. The blibism kept their orgful. 8. Her keepness is a frug. 9. That morko walked by Dirneys. 10. Several koobes told about a drup. 11. A minnikin fell by your scrops. 12. All baktion are in your cares.

blibism / orgful keepness / frug morko / Dirneys koobes / drup minnikin / scrops baktion / cares

23

UNIT 8
D N

IDENTIFYING SUBJECT PRONOUNS

D N Pron. D N

2. A girl sat on the swing. She sat on the swing. Speaking = Girl is a noun signaled but the determiner A and its position as the
subject. Swing is a noun signaled by the determiner the. She is a pronoun replacing girl
D N Pron.

3. The dog was lazy. It was lazy. Speaking = Dog is a noun because of its position and signaled by the determiner
The. It is a pronoun replacing dog.
D N Pron.

4. The boys left early. They left early. Speaking = Boys is a plural noun because of its position and signaled by the
determiner The and the sending s. They is the pronoun replacing boys.
N D N Pron. D N

5. Sharon is my name. I am a girl. Speaking = Sharon is a noun because of its position as the subject. Name is a
noun signaled by the determiner my. I is a pronoun which replaces the noun Sharon. Girl is a singular noun signaled by the determiner a.
D N D N Pron. D N

6. A woman sat on the chair. She sat on the chair. Speaking = Woman is a singular noun signaled by the determiner A and its
position as the subject. Chair is a noun signaled by the determiner the. She is a pronoun replacing the nounwoman.
N D D N Pron. D N

7. My father helped the man. He helped the man. Speaking = Father is a noun signaled by the determiner My and its position as
the subject. Man is a noun signaled by the determiner the. He is a pronoun replacing the noun father.

24

Pron.

8. The money is hidden. It is hidden. Speaking = Money is a noun signaled by the determiner The and its position as
the subject. IT is a pronoun replacing the noun money.
D N D N Pron. D N

9. The items lay on the desk. They lay on the desk. Speaking = Items is a plural noun signaled by the determiner The and its
position as the subject and the s ending. They is a plural pronoun replacing the plural noun items.
D N D N Pron. D N

10. My teacher came into the room. She came into the room. Speaking = Teacher is a noun signaled by the determiner My and its position
as the subject . She is a pronoun replacing the noun teacher.
D N D N Pron. D N

11. The water dripped for an hour. It dripped for an hour. Speaking = Water is a noun signaled by the determiner The and its position
as the subject . It is a pronoun replacing the noun water.
N D N Pron. D N

12. Joyce is my name. I am a girl. Speaking = Joyce is a noun because of its position as the subject. Name is a noun
signaled but the determiner my. I is a pronoun replacing the noun Joyce. Girl is a noun signaled by the determiner a.
N D N Pron. N

13. Your name is John. You are John. Speaking = Name is a noun because of its position as the subject and signaled by
the determiner Your. John is a noun because it is a name. You is a pronoun replacing name.
D N D N Pron. D N

14. Some cars ran off the road. They ran off the road. Speaking = Cars is a noun because of its position as the subject and signaled
by the determiner Some. They is a noun replacing cars.

25

UNIT 9 Identifying object pronouns

D N Pron.

2. The ball hit him. Speaking = Ball is a noun signaled by the determiner The and its position as the
subject. Him is an object pronoun.
Pron. Pron. D N

3. We met them at the park. Speaking = We is a subject pronoun because of its position. Them is an object
pronoun because of its position. Park is a noun signaled by the determiner the.
. D N Pron.

4. The crowds applauded us. Speaking = Crowds is a plural subject pronoun because of its position as the
subject, the s ending, and signaled by the determiner The. Us is an object pronoun because of its position.
N Pron. D N

5. Ellen saw me at the movie. Speaking = Ellen is a noun because of its position as the subject. Me is an object
pronoun because of its position. Movie is a noun signaled by the determiner the.
Pron. Pron.

6. His acts displeased me. Speaking = His is the subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. Me is
an object pronoun because of its position.
N Pron. D N

7. Tom took him to the movie. Speaking = Tom is a noun because of its position as the subject. Him is an
object pronoun because of its position. Movie is a noun signaled by the determiner the.

26

Pron.

Pron.

8. I

saw them at the game. Speaking = I is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. Them is
an object pronoun because its position. Game is a noun signaled by the determiner the.
N Pron. D N

9. John sold us a ticket. Speaking = John is a noun because of its position as the subject. Us is an object
pronoun because of its position as the object. Ticket is a noun signaled by the determiner a.
Pron. Pron. D N

10. She gave me some paper. Speaking = She is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. Me is
an object pronoun because of its position as the object. Paper is a noun signaled by the determiner some.
Pron. Pron.

11. It flew under him. Speaking = It is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. Him is an
object pronoun because of its position as the object.
Pron. Pron.

12. They laughed at her. Speaking = They is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. Her
is an object pronoun because of its position as the object.
Pron. Pron. D N

13. You

showed me your book. Speaking = You is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. Me is
an object pronoun because of its position as the object. Book is a noun signaled by the determiner your.
N Pron. D N

14. The grocer sold me a steak. Speaking = Grocer is a noun because of its position as the subject and signaled by
the determiner The . Me is an object pronoun because of its position as the object. Steak is a noun signaled by the determiner a.

27

Pron.

Pron.

15. He sat by me. Speaking = He is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. Me is
an object pronoun because of its position as the object.
Pron. Pron.

16. She pushed us. Speaking = She is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. Us is
an object pronoun because of its position as the object.
Pron. Pron.

17. It is for him. Speaking = It is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. Him is an
object pronoun because of its position as the object.
Pron. Pron.

18. We ran after them. Speaking = We is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. Them
is an object pronoun because of its position as the object.
Pron. Pron.

19. I told him about it. Speaking = I is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. It is an
object pronoun because of its position as the object.
D N Pron.

20. The picture looks like her. Speaking = Picture is a noun because of its position as the subject and signaled
by the determiner The . Her is an object pronoun because of its position as the object.

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UNIT 10 Determiner OR Indefinite pronoun

D N D N IP D N

3. Many children like a circus. Many like a circus. Speaking = Children is a plural noun because of its position and form
(child/children), and signaled by the determiner Many. Circus is a noun signaled by the determiner a. Many is an indefinite subject pronoun because it is used alone and its position as the subject.
D N IP

4. Any day is satisfactory. Any will do. Speaking = Day is a noun because of its position as the subject and the
determiner any. Any is an indefinite subject pronoun because of its position as the subject and it is used alone.
D N D N IP D N

5. One person lay on the floor. One lay on the floor. Speaking = Person is a noun because of its position as the subject and the
determiner One. One is an indefinite subject pronoun because of its position as the subject and it is used alone.
D N Pron. IP Pron.

6. Some boys helped us. Some helped us. Speaking = Boys is a noun because of its position as the subject and the
determiner Some. Us is an object pronoun because of its position as the object. Some is an indefinite pronoun because of its position as the subject and it is used alone.
D N N IP N

7. Few people attended the game. Few attended the game. Speaking = People is a noun because of its position as the subject and signaled by
The determiner Few. Game is a noun signaled by the determiner the. Few is an indefinite pronoun because of its position as the subject and it is used alone.
D N IP

8. Both bats were broken. Both were broken. Speaking = Bats is a noun because of its position as the subject and the
determiner Both. Both is an indefinite pronoun because of its position as the subject and it is used alone.

29

IP

9. Some houses were painted. Some were painted. Speaking = Houses is a noun because of its position as the subject and the
determiner Some. Some is an indefinite subject pronoun because of its position as the subject and it is used alone.
D N D N IP D N

10. Two balls floated on the water. Two floated on the water. Speaking = Balls is a noun because of its position as the subject and the
determiner Two. Two is an indefinite pronoun because of its position as the subject and it is used alone.
D N IP

11. Each child walked in line. Each walked in line. Speaking = Child is a noun because of its position as the subject and the
determiner Each. Each is an indefinite pronoun because of its position as the subject and it is used alone.
D N D N IP D N

12. Many fans were at the game. Many were at the game. Speaking = Fans is a noun because of its position as the subject and the
determiner Many. Game is a noun signaled by the determiner the. Many is an indefinite pronoun because of its position as the subject and it is used alone.
D N D N IP D N

13. Some birds were on the lawn. Some were on the lawn. Speaking = Birds is a noun because of its position as the subject and the
determiner Some. Some is an indefinite pronoun because of its position as the subject and it is used alone.
D N IP

14. Any reading appears satisfactory. Any appears satisfactory. Speaking = Reading is a noun because of its position as the subject and the
determiner Any. Any is an indefinite pronoun because of its position as the subject and it is used alone.

30

IP

15. Neither boy tried hard. Neither tried hard. Speaking = Boy is a noun because of its position as the subject and the
determiner Neither. Neither is an indefinite pronoun because of its position as the subject and it is used alone.
D N IP

16. Another plane crashed. Another crashed. Speaking = Plane is a noun because of its position as the subject and the
determiner Another. Another is an indefinite subject pronoun because of its position as the subject and it is used alone.
D N N IP N

17. All cats are animals. All are animals. Speaking = Cats is a plural noun because of its position as the subject and the
determiner All, and the s ending. Animals is a plural noun because of its position as the object and the s ending. All is an indefinite pronoun because of its position as the subject and it is used alone.

31

UNIT 11 Determiner or Demonstrative pronoun

D N DP

3. These pencils are sharp. These are sharp. Speaking = Pencils is a plural noun signaled by the plural determiner These and
the s ending. These is a demonstrative pronoun because of its position and it is used alone.
D N D N DP

4. That road has many bumps. That is very true. Speaking = Road is a noun signaled by the determiner That. Bumps is a plural
noun, because of the plural determiner many and the s ending. That is a demonstrative pronoun because of its position and it is used alone.
D N Pron. DP Pron.

5. This coat is mine. This is mine. Speaking = Coat is a noun signaled by the determiner This and the. Mine is an
object pronoun because of its position as the object. This is a demonstrative pronoun because of its position and it is used alone.
D N DP

6. Those apples appear spoiled. Those appear spoiled. Speaking = Apples is a plural noun signaled by the plural determiner Those and
the s ending. Those is a demonstrative pronoun because of its position and it is used alone.
D N D N DP D N

7. This lake has many fish. This is my ball. Speaking = Lake is a noun signaled by the determiner This. Fish is a plural noun
signaled by the determiner many. This is a demonstrative pronoun because of its position and it is used alone. Ball is a noun signaled by the determiner my.
D N DP

8. Those buildings are tall. Those are really tall. Speaking = Buildings is a plural noun signaled by the plural determiner Those
and the s ending. Those is a demonstrative pronoun because of its position and it is used alone.

32

DP

9. That picture is unusual. That is unusual. Speaking = Picture is a noun signaled by the determiner That. That is a
demonstrative pronoun because of its position and it is used alone.
D N DP

10. These books are dusty. These are dusty. Speaking = Books is a plural noun signaled by the plural determiner These and
the s ending. These is a demonstrative pronoun because of its position and it is used alone.
D N DP

11. Those dresses are too large. Those are too large. Speaking = Dresses is a plural noun signaled by the plural determiner Those and
the s ending. Those is a demonstrative pronoun because of its position and it is used alone.
D N DP D N

12. That movie was good. That is my house. Speaking = Move is a noun signaled by the determiner That. That is a
demonstrative pronoun because of its position and it is used alone. House is a noun because of the determiner my.
D N DP

13. This page is torn. This is torn. Speaking = Page is a noun signaled by the determiner This ending. This is a
demonstrative pronoun because of its position and it is used alone.

33

Part II Verbs
Identifying Verbs (1)
Pron.V Pron. N

2. I go with him on Monday. Speaking = I is a subject pronoun because of its position. Go is the verb. Him is an objective pronoun. Monday is a noun because of its position is the object.
D N V

3. The boy throws well. Speaking = Boy is a noun because of its position and signaled by the determiner
The. Throws is the verb.
N V N D N

4. Jane buys candy at the store. Speaking = Jane is a noun because of its position. Buys is the verb. Candy is a
noun because of its position as object. Store is a noun signaled by the determiner the.
Pron.V Pron. N

5. I do my work carefully. Speaking = I is a subject pronoun. Do is the verb. My is an object pronoun

signaling work which is the noun.
N V Pron N

6. Jerry does his work well. Speaking = Jerry is a noun because of its position as the subject. Does is the verb.
His is an object pronoun signaling the noun work.
Pron. V Pron. D N

7. You give me that book. Speaking = You is a subject pronoun. Give is the verb. Me is an object pronoun.
Book is a noun signaled by the determiner that.

34

Pron. N

8. Tom grows apples on his farm. Speaking = Tom is a noun because of its position as the subject. Grows is the verb.
Apples is a noun because of its position as the object. His is an object pronoun signaling farm the noun.
D N V D N

9. The sun rises each morning. Speaking = Sun is a noun because of its position as the subject signaled by the
determiner The. Rises is the verb. Morning is a noun because of its position as the object signaled by the determiner each.
Pron. V Pron. N

10. We write to them on Tuesday. Speaking = We is a subject pronoun because of its position. Write is the verb.
Them is an object pronoun because of its position as the object. Tuesday is noun because of its position as object.
Pron. V Pron. N D N

11. I see your ball on the field. Speaking = I is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. See is the
verb. Ball is an object signaled by the determiner your. Field is a noun signaled by the determiner the.
D N V D N

12 A deer walks near the fence. Speaking = Deer is a noun because of its position and signaled by the determiner
A. Walks is the verb. Fence is a noun because of its position as the object and signaled by the determiner the.
D N V

13. Each boy sings well. Speaking = Boy is a noun position as the subject signaled by the determiner
Each. Sings is the verb.
Pron. N V D N

14. Her brother walks by the church. Speaking = Brother is a noun because of its position as the subject signaled by
the pronoun Her. Walks is the verb. Church is a noun because of its position as the object signaled by the determiner the.

35

Pron. N

15. My dog barks loudly. Speaking = Dog is a noun because of its position as the subject signaled by the
pronoun My. Barks is the verb.
Pron. V D N

16. She tells that story. Speaking = She is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. Tells is
the verb. Story is a noun because of its position as the object signaled by the determiner that.
D N V

17. That man plays hard. Speaking = Man is a noun because of its position as the subject and signaled by
the determiner That. Plays is the verb.
Pron. V N

18. I like pop. Speaking = I is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. Like is the
verb. Pop is a noun because of its position as the object.
Pron. V D N

19. We enjoy each meal. Speaking = We is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. Enjoy is
the verb. Meal is a noun signaled by the determiner each and its position as the object.
D N V

20. Most children eat slowly. Speaking = Children is a noun signaled by the determiner Most, and because of
its position as the subject. Eat is the verb.

36

Directions
See if you can find six verbs to fill the position of the blank in this sentence. I __eat________ candy. I __make________ candy. I __buy________ candy. I __love________ candy. I __form________ candy. I __throw________ candy.

37

UNIT 2

Identifying Verbs (2) (The past tense)

N

Pron. V-ed D

2. He broke the window. Speaking = He = a subject pronoun, broke a past tense verb, window a noun
signaled by the determiner the.
D N V-ed D N

3. A bee stung the man. Speaking = A = a determiner, bee a noun, stung a past tense verb, man a noun
signaled by the determiner the.
N V-ed D N

4. Father bought a tire. Speaking = Father = a noun because of its position as the subject, bought a past
tense verb, and tire is a noun signaled by the determiner a.
D N V-ed D N

5. The fielder caught the ball. Speaking = The = a determiner, fielder a noun, caught is a past tense verb, ball a
noun because of the determiner the.
D N V-ed D N

6. Each child drew a picture. Speaking = Each = a determiner, child a noun, drew is a past tense verb, picture is
a noun because of the determiner a.
Pron.V-edD N

7. I ate the cake. Speaking = I = a subject pronoun, ate a past tense verb, cake is a noun signaled
by the determiner the.
N V-ed D N

8. Jerry fell into the puddle. Speaking = Jerry = a noun because of its position, fell is a past tense verb, and
puddle is a noun signaled by the determiner the.

38

V-ed

9. Some players fought hard. Speaking = Some = a determiner, players a plural noun because of its position
and the ending s, fought is a past tense verb.
D N V-ed D N

10. Most people gave a lot. Speaking = Most = a determiner, people a noun, gave a past tense verb, lot is a
noun signaled by the determiner a.
D N V-ed D N

11. A ship went by the pier. Speaking = A = a determiner, ship a noun, went a past tense verb, pier a noun
signaled by the determiner the.
D N V-ed

12. Many flowers grew slowly. Speaking = Many = is a determiner, flowers a noun, grew is a past tense verb.
Pron. V-ed D N

13. We hopped up the steps. Speaking = We = is a subject pronoun, hopped a past tense verb, step sis a noun
signaled by the determiner the.
Pron. V-ed D N

14. I knew the poem well. Speaking = I = a subject pronoun, knew a past tense verb, poem a noun
signaled by the determiner the.
N V-ed D N

15. John lay there an hour. Speaking = John = ship a noun because of its position as subject, lay a past tense
verb, hour a noun signaled by the determiner an.
Pron. V-ed D N

16. She rose from the bed. Speaking = She = a subject pronoun, rose a past tense verb, bed a noun
signaled by the determiner the.

39

V-ed

17. Several students knew about it. Speaking = Several = a determiner, students a noun, knew a past tense verb, it a
noun signaled by the determiner about.
Pron. V-ed Pron. D N

18. They showed us the pictures. Speaking = They = a subject pronoun, showed a past tense verb, us an object
pronoun, pictures a noun signaled by the determiner the.
D N V-ed D N

19. The boys swam to the dock. Speaking = The= a determiner, boys a noun, swam a past tense verb, dock a noun
signaled by the determiner the.
Pron. V-ed D N

20. They bought the house. Speaking = They = a subject pronoun, bought a past tense verb, house a noun
signaled by the determiner the.

40

UNIT 2

Identifying Verbs (Determining the present/past tense)

V-ed

= past = present = present = past

2. Grace wore a hat.

V

3. Grace wears a hat.

V

4. I get up early.
V-ed

5. I got up early.
V

= present = past
V

6. She springs to the saddle.

V-ed

7. She sprang to the saddle. = present = past = present = past = past = past 8. Most parents pay taxes.
V-ed

9. Most parents paid taxes

V

10. Each boy wants the bicycle.

V-ed

11. Each boy wanted the bicycle.

V-ed

12. A thief stole the money. V 13. He tries hard.

V-ed

= past

14. Judy took the bus this morning.

41

= present = past = past

15. We dive with glee.

V-ed

16. We dived with glee.

V-ed

17. Tom took the car that night.

V

= present

18. Tom takes it each day.

V-ed

= past

19. Tom took it each day.

V

= past

20. A thief steals the money.

42

UNIT 3
Pron. Aux.V

Identifying Verbs (3) (Auxiliary Verbs)

V

2. She can sing very well. Speaking = She is a subject pronoun, and can sing is a verb phrase.
N Aux. V V-ed D N

3. Mother has bought the hat. Speaking = Mother is a noun because of its position as the subject. has bought
is a verb phrase, and hat a noun signaled by the determiner the.
D N Aux. V V Pron.

4. The boy might catch us. Speaking = Boy is a noun because of its position as the subject signaled by the
determiner The. might catch is a verb phrase, and us an object pronoun.
D N Aux. V V

5. Each boy does try hard. Speaking = Boy is a noun because of its position as the subject and signaled by
the determiner Each. does try is a verb phrase.
D N Aux. V V D N

6. The boys should draw the pictures. Speaking = Boys is a plural noun because of its position as the subject, signaled by
the determiner The, and the s ending. should draw is a verb phrase, and pictures a plural noun signaled by the determiner the and the s ending.
Pron. Aux.V V D N

7. He will eat the salad. Speaking = He is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. will eat
is a verb phrase, and salad a noun signaled by the determiner the.
D N Aux.V V Pron.

8. The men will hear us. Speaking = Men is a noun because of its position as the subject and signaled by
the determiner the. will heart is a verb phrase, and us an object pronoun because if its position.

43

N.

Aux. V V

9. Sandy may know about the plans. Speaking = Sandy is a noun because of its position as the subject. may know is a
verb phrase, and plans a plural noun signaled by the s ending and determiner the.
Pron. Aux. V V D N

10. I can prove that story. Speaking = I is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. can
prove is a verb phrase, and story a noun signaled by the determiner that.
D N. Aux. V V

11. Most children must rise early. Speaking = Children is a plural noun because of its position as the subject and its
form (child/children).must rise is a verb phrase.
Pron. Aux. V V D N

12. We shall tear the paper. Speaking = We is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. shall
tear is a verb phrase. Paper is a noun signaled by the determiner the.
N Aux. V V D N

13. Joe might write the letter. Speaking = Joe is a noun because of its position as the subject. might write is a
verb phrase, and letter a noun signaled by the determiner the.
N Aux. V V D N

14. Chris did write the letter. Speaking = Chris is a noun because of its position as the subject. did write is a
verb phrase, and letter a noun signaled by the determiner the.
Pron Aux. V V D N

15. We shall eat our lunch. Speaking = We is a noun because of its position as the subject. shall eat is a
verb phrase, and lunch a noun signaled by the determiner our.

44

N Aux. V V

16. Tom will sing for us. Speaking = Tom is a noun because of its position as the subject. will sing is a
verb phrase, and us an object pronoun.
Pron. Aux. V V-ed N

17. They have played all morning. Speaking = They is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. have
played is a past tense verb phrase signaled by the ed ending. Morning is a noun because of its position as the object.
D N Aux. V V

18. The skies could clear soon. Speaking = Skies is a noun because of its position as the subject and signaled by
the determiner The. could clear is a verb phrase.
D N Aux.V V Pron.

19. Our parents would want it. Speaking = Parents is a plural noun because of its position as the subject, the s
ending, and signaled by the determiner Our. would want is a verb phrase, and it an object pronoun.
Pron. Aux. V V D N

20. We shall avoid the problem. Speaking = We is a subject pronoun because of its position as the subject. shall
avoid is a verb phrase, and problem a noun signaled by the determiner the.

45

UNIT 4
D N

Identifying Verbs (4)

V-en D N

2. The men have taken their cars. Speaking = Men is a noun indicated by the determiner The, its form (man/men)
and its position as subject, have taken is a past participle. Cars is a plural noun indicated by the determiner their and the s ending.
Pron. V D N

3. He has the pencil. Speaking = He is a subject pronoun indicated by its position, has is a present
tense verb. Pencil is a noun indicated by the determiner the.
Pron. V-en D N

4. He has taken the pencil. Speaking = He is a subject pronoun indicated by its position, has taken is a past
participle. Pencil is a noun indicated by the determiner the.
N V D N

5. Jim has the letter. Speaking = Jim is a noun indicated by its position, has is a present tense
verb. Letter is a noun indicated by the determiner the.
N V-en D N

6. Jim has written the letter. Speaking = Jim is a noun indicated by its position, has written is a past
participle. Letter is a noun indicated by the determiner the.
D N V D N

7. Some boys have the prize. Speaking = Boys is noun indicated by its position signaled by the determiner
Some. has is a present tense verb. Prize is a noun indicated by the determiner the.
D N V-en D N

8. Some boys have taken the prize. Speaking = Boys is noun indicated by its position signaled by the determiner
Some. has taken is a past participle. Prize is a noun indicated by the determiner the.

46

9. Each child has a book. Speaking = Child is a noun indicated by its position and signaled by the
determiner Each, has is a present tense verb. Book is a noun indicated by the determiner a.
D N V-en D N

10. Each child has read a book. Speaking = Child is a noun indicated by its position and signaled by the
determiner Each, has read is a past participle. Book is a noun indicated by the determiner a.
D N V D N

11. A man has the key. Speaking = Man is a noun indicated by its position and signaled by the determiner
A, has is a present tense verb. Key is a noun indicated by the determiner the.
D N V-en D N

12. A man has taken the key. Speaking = Man is a noun indicated by its position and signaled by the determiner
A, has is a past participle. Key is a noun indicated by the determiner the.

A Little Change --- Dont get confused

N V

2. Joy does try hard. Speaking = Joy is a noun because of its position as the subject. Does is a present
tense verb.
D N V D N

3. The men do the chores well. Speaking = Men is a plural noun because of the s ending, its position, and the
determiner The. Do is a present tense verb. Chores is a noun signaled by the determiner the.
D N

N-Aux V

4. The men do leave early. Speaking = Men is a plural noun because of the s ending, its position, and the
determiner The. Do is a noun-auxiliary. Leave is the present tense verb.

47

Pron. V-ed D

5. I did the lesson easily. Speaking = I is a subject pronoun because of its position. Did is a past tense verb.
Lesson is a noun signaled by the determiner the.
Pron. V-ed D N

6. I did learn the lesson. Speaking = I is a subject pronoun because of its position. Did is a past tense verb.
Lesson is a noun signaled by the determiner the.
N V D N

7. June does the laundry. Speaking = June is a noun because of its position. Does is a present tense verb.
Laundry is a noun signaled by the determiner the.
N V D N

N-Aux

8. June does rinse the clothes. Speaking = June is a noun because of its position. Does is a noun auxiliary and
rinse a present tense verb. Clothes is a plural noun signaled by the determiner the and the s ending.
D N V D N

9. Several boys do the work. Speaking = Boys is a plural noun because of its position and the s ending. Do is a
present tense verb. Work is a noun signaled by the determiner the.
D N N-Aux V D N

10. Several boys do loaf in the hall. Speaking = Boys is a plural noun because of its position, signaled by the
determiner Several, and the s ending. Do is a noun auxiliary, and loaf a present tense verb. Hall is a noun signaled by the determiner the.
D N N-Aux V D N

11. Many birds did fly over the house. Speaking = Birds is a plural noun because of its position, signaled by the
determiner Many, and the s ending. Did is a noun auxiliary in the past tense, and fly a present tense verb. House is a noun signaled by the determiner the.

48

Pron. N-Aux V

12. We do go in the afternoon. Speaking = We is a subject pronoun because of its position. Do is a noun auxiliary,
and go a present tense verb. Afternoon is a noun signaled by the determiner the.

49

UNIT 5
D

Identifying Verbs (5) (Be + V + ing)

N Be N

3. The boy is Tom. Speaking = Boy is a noun because of its position and signaled by the determiner
The. Tom is a noun because of its position as the subject.
. D N Be+V+ing D N

4. The boy is walking by the house Speaking = Boy is a noun because of its position and signaled by the determiner
The. is walking is a present participle verb phrase. Tom is a noun because of its position as the subject.
Pron. Be D N

5. You are in my seat. Speaking = You is a subject pronoun. Are is a present tense of the verb to be.
Seat is a noun because of its position as the subject signaled by the determiner my.
Pron. Be+V+ing D N

6. You are sitting in my seat. Speaking = You is a subject pronoun. are sitting is a present tense verb phrase.
Seat is a noun because of its position as the object signaled by the determiner my.
Pron. Be

7. He was cold. Speaking = He is a subject pronoun. Was is the past tense of the verb to be.
Pron. Be+V+ing D N

8. He was buying a hat. Speaking = He is a subject pronoun. was buying is a past tense verb phrase. Hat
is a noun because of its position as the subject and signaled by the determiner a.
D N Be D N

9. The men were in the garage. Speaking = Men is a noun because of its position and signaled by the determiner
The. Were is the past tense of the verb to be. Garage is a noun signaled by the determiner the.

50

Be+V+ing

10. The men were going into the house. Speaking = Men is a noun because of its position and signaled by the determiner
The. were going is a past tense verb phrase. House is a noun signaled by the determiner the.
Pron. Be D N

11. I am a teacher. Speaking = I is a subject pronoun. Am is the present tense of the verb to be.
Teacher is a noun signaled by the determiner a.
Pron. Be+V+ing D N

12. I am teaching you English. Speaking = I is a subject pronoun. am teaching is the present tense verb phrase.
English is a noun signaled by the determiner you.
Pron. Be D N

13. He is my friend. Speaking = He is a subject pronoun because of its position. is a present verb
tense, of the verb to be. Friend is a noun signaled by the determiner my and its position as the object.
Pron. Be+V+ing Pron.

14. He is helping me. Speaking = He is a subject pronoun because of its position. is helping a present
tense verb phrase, of the verb to be. Me is an object pronoun because of its position as the object.
Pron. Be D N

15. We are in the house. Speaking = We is a subject pronoun because of its position. Are is a present tense
verb. House is a noun because of its position signaled by the determiner the.

Sometimes we use other helpers with be.

D N Have+Be+V+ing D N

2. The men have been going each day.

D N Have+Be+V+ing D N

3. Jim has been sleeping late.

51

Have+Be+V+ing

4. Some boys had been trying for an hour.

Pron. N.aux Have+Be+V+ing

5. They could have been trying too hard.

N Have+Be+V+ing Pron. D N

6. John has been giving me some help.

D N Have+Be+V+ing

7. The divers will be leaving now.

D N Have+Be+V+ing

8. Some pupils have been talking.

D N Have+Be+V-ed+ing N

9. Several girls had been drawing all period.

D Have+Be+V+ing Pron. D N

10. She has been telling us about it.

D N-aux Have+Be+V+ing

11. You might have been going by now.

Pron. Have+Be+V-ed+ing D N

12. They had been singing the song.

D N Have+Be+V-ed+ing D N

13. Our dogs had been taking the meat.

Pron. N-aux Have+Be+V+ing Pron. D N

14. I could have been telling you a lie.

Pron. Have+Be+V+ing D N

15. He has been laying the bricks.

N Have+Be+V+ing D N

16. Jim has been stopping near the door.

52

Try to identify the verb forms in the sentences below. Draw a line to the correct form to match the symbol. .

1. Jim sings well. 2. Jim sang well 3. Jim can sing well. 4. Jim has sung well 5. Jim does sing well. 6. Jim is singing well. 7. Jim has been singing well.
D N V-ed D N

V-ed Aux.V Have+en V Be+V+ing Have+Be+V+ing Aux.V

8. The boys played for an hour.

Pron. V

9. He bowls frequently.
Pron. N V-aux V Be+V+ing D N

10. We shall walk rapidly. 11. Jean is trying the problem.

Pron. V-aux V
N D N D N

12. He did want the present.

V-aux +V-ed

13. Harry has drowned the ants.

Pron. V-aux +V

14. You may go now.

D
N V-ed N

Pron.

15. Our parents gave it to us.

Pron. V D N

16. I write every day

Pron. V

17. She smiles often.

53

Pron. Be+V+ing

18. I am writing the paper now.

N Have+Be+V+ing

19. Jerry has been going too.

Pron. V-aux.

20. You do talk quite loud.

Pron. V D N

21. He was my friend.

Pron. V D N

22. We have the supplies.

Pron. Have+V-en D N

23. They have ridden the horse.

D N Be+V+ing

24. Our helpers are stopping now.

54

Part III Prepositions

55

Unit 1

IDENTIFYING PREPOSITIONS

sub. V-ed

2. He jumped over the log. Speaking = He is a simple subject pronoun, jumped is a past tense verb, and over
the log is a prepositional phrase.
sub. V-ed

3. The book dropped on the floor. Speaking = Book is the simple subject signaled by The, dropped is a past tense
verb, and on the floor a prepositional phrase.
sub. V-ed

4. He sang for me. Speaking = He is a simple subject pronoun, sang is a past tense verb, and for me
is a prepositional phrase.
sub. V-ed

5. Harry drove into the garage. Speaking = Harry is a simple subject, drove is a past tense verb, and into the
garage is a prepositional phrase.
sub. V-ed

6. Judy sat near us. Speaking = Judy is a simple subject, sat is a past tense verb, and near us is
a prepositional phrase.
sub. V-ed

7. We dove off the board. Speaking = We is a simple subject pronoun, jumped is a past tense verb, and off
the board a prepositional phrase.
sub. V-ed

8. They fought for their liberty. Speaking = He is a simple subject pronoun, jumped is a past tense verb, and for
their liberty a prepositional phrase.
sub. V-ed

9. She smiled at him. Speaking = She is a simple subject pronoun, smiled is a past tense verb, and at
him is a prepositional phrase.

56

sub.

V-ed

10. The men walked for hours. Speaking = Men is a simple subject, walked is a past tense verb, and for hours a
prepositional phrase.
sub. V-ed

11. The boy with the candy was happy. Speaking = Boy is a simple subject, was is a past tense verb, and with the candy
is a prepositional phrase.
sub. V

12. The house near us is old. Speaking = House is a simple subject, is a present tense verb, and near us a
prepositional phrase.
sub. V-ed

13. The facts of the matter were obvious. Speaking = Facts is a simple subject, were is a past tense verb, and of the matter
prepositional phrase.
sub. V-ed

14. A deer stood amid the trees. Speaking = Deer is a simple subject signaled by A, stood is a past tense verb,
and amid the trees a prepositional phrase.
sub. V

15. That road beyond us is long. Speaking = Road is a simple subject signaled by That, beyond us a
prepositional phrase, is a present tense verb.
sub. Be +V-ed+ ing

16. Several boys were missing from school. Speaking = Boys is a simple plural subject signaled by Several, were missing is a
to be past tense verb plus ing, and from school is a prepositional phrase.

57

sub.

V-ed

17. The robin in the nest flew away. Speaking = Robin is a simple subject signaled by The, in the nest a
prepositional phrase, and flew is a past tense verb. .
sub. V-ed

18. The cover of the book was attractive. Speaking = Cover is a simple subject, of the book a prepositional phrase, and
was a past tense verb. .

58

Unit 2

More about PREPOSITIONS

P OP

Sub. V-ed

2. They talked (to him). Speaking = They is the simple subject pronoun, talked the past tense verb, and
to him a prepositional phrase.
Sub. V-ed P OP

3. The boys left with Gary. Speaking = Boys is the simple plural subject, left the past tense verb, and with
Gary a prepositional phrase.
Sub. V-ed P OP

4. Some men laughed (at her). Speaking = Men is the simple plural subject, laughed the past tense verb, and at
her a prepositional phrase.
Sub. V-ed P OP

5. Each pole stood (near a house). Speaking = Pole is the simple subject pronoun, stood the past tense verb, and
near a house a prepositional phrase.
Sub. V-ed P OP

6. Scott played (with Tom).

Speaking = Scott is the simple subject pronoun, played the past tense verb, and
with Tom him a prepositional phrase.
Sub. V-ed P OP

7. She walked (through the house).

Speaking = She is the simple subject pronoun, walked the past tense verb, and
through the house a prepositional phrase.
Sub. V-ed P OP

8. Ted ran through the store.

Speaking = They is the simple subject pronoun, talked the past tense verb, and
to him a prepositional phrase.

59

There may be more than one prepositional phrase in a sentence.

Sub. V-ed P OP P OP

2. They walked (over the hill) (to the mill).

Sub. V-ed P OP P OP

3. She sat (by me) (near the door).

Sub. V-ed P OP P OP P OP

4. Jim talked (to us) (from the front) (of the room).
Sub. V-ed P OP P OP

5. I left (for the game) (at dawn).

Now look for
Sub. V

compound objects of the preposition.

P OP OP

~~~

2. Jack went (with him and me).

Sub. V P OP OP

3. Mother looked (for shoes and a dress).

Sub. V P OP OP

4. He read (about cowboys and cattle).

Sub. V P OP OP

5. It depends (upon him and me).

Sub. V P OP OP

6. It looked (like rain or snow).

Sub. V P OP OP

7. We played against Tom and Bill.

Sub. V P OP OP

8. I sat behind Sue and Jane.

60

In these sentences, watch for phrasal prepositions.

Sub. V-ed P OP

2. I did it in spite of her.

Sub. V-ed P OP

3. It happened because of him.

Sub. V-ed P OP

4. He went by means of a car.

Sub. V-ed P OP

5. They sat ahead of us.

Sub. V-ed P OP

6. We left in spite of the weather.

61

Part IV Adjectives and Sentence Patterns

62

Unit 1
D N

IDENTIFYING THE ADJECTIVE

LV Adj.

2. The clouds (in the sky) are pretty. Speaking = Clouds is the plural subject signaled by The, are is the verb, in
the sky a prepositional phrase. Are is in our list followed by pretty, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject clouds.
Pron. LV Be+en Adj.

3. She has been quiet (for a minute). Speaking = She is a subject pronoun, has been is the verb, and for a minute a
prepositional phrase. has been is in our list followed by quiet, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject She.
Pron. V LV Adj.

4. It does smell good (to me). Speaking = It is the subject pronoun, does smell is the verb phrase, and to me
a prepositional phrase. Does smell is in our list followed by good, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject It.
D N LV Adj.

5. The dress looks lovely (on you). Speaking = Dress is the subject signaled by the, looks is the verb, and on you
a prepositional phrase. Looks is in our list followed by pretty, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject dress.
D N LV Adj.

6. That horn sounds awful (to us). Speaking = Horn is the subject signaled by That, sounds is the verb, and to
us a prepositional phrase. Sounds is in our list followed by awful, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject That.

63

Pron.

Be

Adj.

7. He will be good (for an hour). Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, will be is the verb, and for an hour a
prepositional phrase. will be is in our list followed by good, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject clouds.
D N LV Adj.

8. The children are noisy. Speaking = Children is the plural subject signaled by The, are is the verb. Are
is in our list followed by pretty, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject children. There is no prepositional phrase.

Note: Every sentence does not have a prepositional phrase method to the sentences below.
D N LV-ed Adj.

9. The food (on the table) was delicious. Speaking = Food is the subject signaled by The, was is the past tense verb,
and on the table a prepositional phrase. Was is in our list followed by delicious, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject food.
N LV Adj.

10. Tom is handsome. Speaking = Tom is the subject, is the verb, Is is in our list followed by
handsome, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject Tom. There is no prepositional phrase.
D N LV Adj.

11. The picture (on the wall) is pretty. Speaking = Picture is the subject signaled by The, is the verb, and on the wall
a prepositional phrase. is is in our list followed by pretty, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject picture.

64

LV

Adj.

12. The problems seem hard. Speaking = Problems is the plural subject signaled by The, seem is the verb.
Seem is in our list followed by hard, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject problems. There is no prepositional phrase.
N Be + en Adj.

13. Tommy has been ill (for a week). Speaking = Tommy is the subject, has been is the verb, and for a week a
prepositional phrase. has been is in our list followed by ill, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject Tommy.
Pron. LV-ed Adj.

14. She remained quiet (during the class). Speaking = She is the subject pronoun, remained is the past tense verb, during
the class a prepositional phrase. Remained is in our list followed by quiet, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject She.
Pron. LV Adj.

15. I feel good (in the morning). Speaking = I is the subject pronoun, feel is the verb, and in the morning a
prepositional phrase. Feel is in our list followed by good, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject I.
D N LV Adj.

16. Some men look old (at thirty). Speaking = Men is the plural subject signaled by Some, look is the verb, and
at thirty a prepositional phrase. Look is in our list followed by old, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject men.
D N LV Adj.

17. The problems could be hard (for us). Speaking = Problems is the plural subject signaled by The, be is the verb, for
us a prepositional phrase. Be is in our list followed by hard, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject problems.

65

N LV-ed= Be + en Adj.

18. Joe had been noisy (in the room). Speaking = Joe is the subject, had been is the past tense verb, in the room a
prepositional phrase. Had been is in our list followed by noisy, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject Joe.
D N LV Adj.

19. Some girls appear selfish. Speaking = Girls is the plural subject signaled by Some, appear is the verb.
Appear is in our list followed by selfish, which is a predicate adjective which, helps us understand the subject girls. There is no prepositional phrase.
D N LV-ed Adj.

20. The boys continued confident. Speaking = Boys is the plural subject signaled by The, continued is the past
tense verb. Continued is in our list followed by confident, which is a predicate adjective, which helps us understand the subject boys.

66

Unit 2
Sub.

The Predicate Noun Pattern

LV PN

2. The boy (on the raft) is Jerry. Speaking = Boy is the subject, is the verb, and on the raft a prepositional
phrase. Is is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by Jerry, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject boy.
Sub. LV-ed PN

3. It was Judy (with me). Speaking = It is the subject pronoun, was the verb, and with me a
prepositional phrase. was is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by Judy, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject boy.
Sub. LV PN

4. Helen is the mother (in the play). Speaking = Helen is the subject, is the verb, and in the play a prepositional
phrase. Is is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by mother, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject Helen.
Sub. LV PN

5. That is Shirley (at the door). Speaking = That is the subject, is the verb, and at the door a prepositional
phrase. Is is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by Shirley, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject That.
Sub. LV+be PN

6. He will be the hero (of the hour). Speaking = He is the subject, will be the verb, and of the hour a prepositional
phrase. Is is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by hero, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject He.
Sub. LV PN

7. I am a player (on the team). Speaking = I is the subject pronoun, am the verb, and on the team a
prepositional phrase. Is is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by player, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject I.

67

Sub. LV

PN

8. Those men are friends (of mine). Speaking = Men is the plural subject, are the verb, and of mine a
prepositional phrase. Are is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by friends, a predicate noun that tells us about or refers to the subject men.
Sub. LV PN

9. The boy continued (to be) my helper. (to be is understood) Speaking = Boy is the subject, continued the verb. Continued is in the list of
linking verbs and is followed by helper, a predicate noun that tells us about or refers to the subject boy.
Sub. LV PN

10. Harold seemed a stranger (to us). Speaking = Harold is the subject, seemed the verb, and to us a prepositional
phrase. Is is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by stranger, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject Harold.
Sub. LV-ed PN

11. I remained his friend (for years). Speaking = I is the subject pronoun, remained the past tense verb, and for
years a prepositional phrase. Remained is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by friend, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject I.
Sub. LV-ed PN

12. The car looked a wreck (to him). Speaking = Car is the subject, looked the verb, and to him a prepositional
phrase. Looked is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by wreck, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject car.
Sub. LV-ed PN

13. That was Jane (in the hall). Speaking = That is the subject, was a past tense verb, and in the hall a
prepositional phrase. was is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by Jane, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject That.

68

Sub. LV+Be

PN

14. Joe will be a friend (of mine). Speaking = Joe is the subject, will be the verb, and of mine a prepositional
phrase. will be is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by friend, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject Joe.
Sub. LV-ed PN

15. Jim appeared a liar (to the man). Speaking = Jim is the subject, appeared a past tense verb, and to the man a
prepositional phrase. Appeared is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by liar, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject Jim.
Sub. LV PN

16. That man became a beggar. Speaking = Man is the subject, became the verb. Became is in the list of
linking verbs and is followed by Jerry, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject man. There is no prepositional phrase.
Sub. LV PN

17. She became the hostess (for the day). Speaking = She is the subject pronoun, became the verb, and for the day a
prepositional phrase. Became is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by hostess, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject She.
Sub. LV-ed PN

18. The cat (on the fence) was Tammy. Speaking = Cat is the subject, was a past tense verb, and on the fence a
prepositional phrase. Was is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by Tammy, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject cat.
Sub. LV-ed PN

19. Joe seemed a stranger (to them). Speaking = Joe is the subject, seemed a past tense verb, and to them a
prepositional phrase. Seemed is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by stranger, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject Joe.

69

Sub.

LV-ed

PN

20. The building appeared a success. Speaking = Building is the subject, appeared a past tense verb. Appeared is
in the list of linking verbs and is followed by success, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject building. There is no prepositional phrase.
Sub. LV PN

21. The dog became my pal (for the day). Speaking = Dog is the subject, became the verb, and for the day a
prepositional phrase. Became is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by pal, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject dog.
Sub. LV+en PN

22. The boy has been a neighbor (to me). Speaking = Boy is the subject, has been the verb, and to me a prepositional
phrase. Has been is in the list of linking verbs and is followed by neighbor, a predicate noun, that tells us about or refers to the subject boy.

Section 2
Sub. LV Pron.

2. That was they (by the house).

Sub. LV Pron.

3. The man was he by the car.

Sub. LV Pron.

4. The man by the car was he.

Sub. LV Pron.

5. That is he with my father.

Sub. LV Pron.

6. It is they near the school.

70

Sub. LV-ed Pron.

7. It was she on the stage.

Sub. V Pron.

8. This is I.
Sub. LV Pron.

9. It was they beyond the hill.

Sub. V Pron.

10. This is he.

Sub. LV Pron.

11. That was she in the kitchen.

Sub. LV Pron.

12. It is they behind us.

71

Unit 3 The Direct Object pattern

Sub. V-t DO

2. An accident caused the trouble for us. Speaking = Accident is the subject, caused is verb, and for us is a
prepositional phrase. Caused is a linking verb because there is a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object trouble.
Sub. V-t DO

3. Jack threw a curve at me. Speaking = Jack is the subject, threw is the verb, and at me is a
prepositional phrase. Threw is a linking verb because there is a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object curve.
Sub. V-t DO

4. He hit the ball across the field. Speaking = He is the subject pronoun, hit is the verb, and across the field is a
prepositional phrase. Hit is a linking verb because there is a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object ball.
Sub. V-t DO

5. The fielder caught the fly. Speaking = Fielder is the subject, caught is the verb. Caught is not a linking verb
because there is not a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object fly.
Sub. V-t DO

6. Jim recited his piece at home. Speaking = Jim is the subject, recited is the verb, and at home is a
prepositional phrase. Recited is a linking verb because there is a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object piece.
Sub. V-t DO

7. She studied her lesson at noon. Speaking = She is a subject pronoun, studied is the verb, and at noon is a
prepositional phrase. Studied is a linking verb because there is a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object lesson.

72

Sub.

V-t

DO

8. Father burned the papers. Speaking = Father is the subject, burned is the verb. Burned is not a linking verb
because there is not a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object papers.
Sub. V-t DO

9. Tom sold his bicycle to him. Speaking = Tom is the subject, sold is the verb, and to him is a
prepositional phrase. Sold is a linking verb because there is a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object bicycle.
Sub. V-t DO

10. The boys built a dam across the pond. Speaking = Boys is the subject, built is the verb, and across the pond is a
prepositional phrase. Built is a linking verb because there is a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object dam.
Sub. V-t DO

11. Some girls picked the daisies. Speaking = Girls is the subject, picked is the verb. Picked is not a linking verb
because there is not a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object daisies.
Sub. V-t DO

12. The men grabbed their axes. Speaking = Men is the plural subject, grabbed is the verb. Grabbed is not a
linking verb because there is not a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object axes
Sub. V-t DO

13. He shot a deer in the woods. Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, shot is the verb, and in the woods is a
prepositional phrase. Shot is a linking verb because there is a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object deer.

73

Sub.

V-t

DO

14. The child found his mother. Speaking = Child is the subject, found is the verb. Found is not a linking verb
because there is a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object mother.
Sub. V-t DO

15. Fred drove the nails. Speaking = Fred is the subject, drove is the verb. Drove is not a linking verb
because there is not a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object nails.
Sub. V-t DO

16. The maid served tea at night. Speaking = Maid is the subject, served is the verb, and at night is a
prepositional phrase. Served is a linking verb because there is a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object tea.
Sub. V-t DO

17. She lost a dime at the store. Speaking = She is a subject pronoun, lost is the verb, and at the store is a
prepositional phrase. Lost is a linking verb because there is a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object dime.
Sub. V-t DO

18. Tom tore his paper into shreds. Speaking = Tom is the subject, tore is the verb, and into shreds is a
prepositional phrase. Tore is a linking verb because there is a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object paper.
Sub. V-t DO

19. Sue baked a cake for me. Speaking = Sue is the subject, baked is the verb, and for me is a
prepositional phrase. Baked is a linking verb because there is a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object cake.
Sub. V-t DO

20. He threw the eraser to me.

74

Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, threw is the verb, and to me is a

prepositional phrase. Threw is a linking verb because there is a prepositional phrase. It is transitive, followed by the direct object eraser.

Because pronouns can substitute for nouns, pronouns can substitute for nouns in the direct object position.
Sub. V-t DO

2. A bee stung me (on my arm).

Sub. V-t DO

3. He pushed us (into the water).

Sub. V-t DO

4. Sue told them (about it).

Sub. V-t DO

5. Joe grabbed him (by the collar).

Sub. V-t DO

6. Mother told her (about it).

Sub V-t DO

7. I saw it (in the woods).

Notice that the verbs are most often past tense, when
using the Direct Object.

75

Unit 4 The Indirect Object pattern

Sub. V-g I0 DO

2. She gave me an apple (at noon). Speaking = She is the subject, gave the verb, at noon is a prepositional phrase.
The verb is not linking, but it is transitive with apple the direct object and me the indirect object.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

3. The man (at the dock) showed us a boat. Speaking = Man is the subject, showed the verb, at the dock is a prepositional
phrase. The verb is not linking, but it is transitive with boat the direct object and us the indirect object.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

4. Father carved John a whistle. Speaking = Father is the subject, carved the verb. The verb is not linking, but it is
transitive with whistle the direct object, and John the indirect object. There is no prepositional phrase.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

5. He told them the lesson (for the day). Speaking = He is the subject, told the verb, for the day is a prepositional phrase.
The verb is not linking, but it is transitive with lesson the direct object and them the indirect object.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

6. Mary wrote Jane a letter (about home). Speaking = Mary is the subject, wrote the verb, about home is a prepositional
phrase. The verb is not linking, but it is transitive with letter the direct object and Jane the indirect object.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

7. The usher found us a seat (in front). Speaking = Usher is the subject, found the verb, in front is a prepositional phrase.
The verb is not linking, but it is transitive with apple the direct object and us the indirect object.

76

Sub.

V-g

I0

DO

8. The girl (near us) gave me the book. Speaking = Girl is the subject, gave the verb, near us is a prepositional phrase.
The verb is not linking, but it is transitive with book the direct object and me the indirect object.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

9. Father bought Tom a suit. Speaking = Father is the subject, bought the verb. The verb is not linking, but it is
transitive with apple the direct object and Tom the indirect object.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

10. June gave her sister a dime (for pop). Speaking = June is the subject, gave the verb, for pop is a prepositional phrase.
The verb is not linking, but it is transitive with dime the direct object and sister the indirect object.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

11. We sent Sue a note (about the meeting). Speaking = We is the subject, sent the verb, about the meeting is a prepositional
phrase. The verb is not linking, but it is transitive with note the direct object and Sue the indirect object.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

12. The boy (near us) gave me a ball. Speaking = Boy is the subject, gave the verb, near us is a prepositional phrase.
The verb is not linking, but it is transitive with ball the direct object and me the indirect object.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

13. Harry gave Jim a push (into the water). Speaking = Harry is the subject, gave the verb, into the water is a prepositional
phrase. The verb is not linking, but it is transitive with push the direct object and me the indirect object.

77

Sub.

V-g

I0

DO

4. Hazel typed me a letter (of thanks). Speaking = Hazel is the subject, typed the verb, of thanks is a prepositional
phrase. The verb is not linking, but it is transitive with letter the direct object and me the indirect object.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

15. I told her the story (at night). Speaking = I is the subject, told the verb, at night is a prepositional phrase. The
verb is not linking, but it is transitive with story the direct object and her the indirect object.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

16. My father found me the job. Speaking = Father is the subject, found the verb. The verb is not linking, but it is
transitive with job the direct object and me the indirect object. There is no prepositional phrase.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

17. I have given him a picture (of me). Speaking = I is the subject, have given the verb, of me is a prepositional phrase.
The verb is not linking, but it is transitive with picture the direct object and him the indirect object.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

18. He owes me the money (for it). Speaking = He is the subject, owes the verb, for it is a prepositional phrase. The
verb is not linking, but it is transitive with money the direct object and me the indirect object.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

19. He gave me the painting. Speaking = He is the subject, gave the verb. The verb is not linking, but it is
transitive with painting the direct object and me the indirect object.
Sub. V-g I0 DO

20. The baker sold us a cake. Speaking = Baker is the subject, sold the verb. The verb is not linking, but it is
transitive with cake the direct object and us the indirect object.

78

Unit 5 The Adverb pattern

Sub. VI Adv.

2. The chipmunk chattered (loudly). Speaking = Chipmunk is the subject, chattered is the verb. There are no
prepositional phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive, but it is intransitive, followed by the adverb loudly.
Sub. VI Adv.

3. Harry walked (in). Speaking = Harry is the subject, walked is the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive, but it is intransitive, followed by the adverb in.
Sub. VI Adv.

4. We traveled (slowly). Speaking = We is the subject, traveled is the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive, but it is intransitive, followed by the adverb slowly.
Sub. VI Adv.

5. Tom ran (quickly). Speaking = Tom is the subject, ran is the verb. There are no prepositional phrases.
The verb is neither linking nor transitive, but it is intransitive, followed by the adverb quickly.
Sub. VI Adv.

6. Tom ran (fast). Speaking = Tom is the subject, ran is the verb. There are no prepositional phrases.
The verb is neither linking nor transitive, but it is intransitive, followed by the adverb fast.
Sub. VI Adv.

7. The students danced (merrily). Speaking = Students is the subject, stayed is the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive, but it is intransitive, followed by the adverb merrily.

79

Sub.

VI

Adv.

8. They will leave (soon). Speaking = They is the subject pronoun, will leave is the verb phrase. There are
no prepositional phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive, but it is intransitive, followed by the adverb soon.
Sub. VI Adv.

9. She laughed (quietly). Speaking = She is the subject pronoun, laughed is the verb. There are no
prepositional phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive, but it is intransitive, followed by the adverb quietly.
Sub. VI Adv.

10. The boy stumbled (onward). Speaking = Boy is the subject, stumbled is the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive, but it is intransitive, followed by the adverb onward.
Sub. VI Adv.

11. Many boys waited (patiently). Speaking = Boys is the plural subject, waited is the verb. There are no
prepositional phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive, but it is intransitive, followed by the adverb patiently.
Sub. VI Adv.

12. The sun rises (slowly). Speaking = Sun is the subject, rises is the verb. There are no prepositional phrases.
The verb is neither linking nor transitive, but it is intransitive, followed by the adverb slowly.

Note: Remember that the word lists in this book are only examples and
that usually there are many more words like them.

80

Now see how many adverbs you can write to fit in the blank below. The boy ran slowly quickly sweetly now soon always here out not too almost The boy ran quietly fast merrily then never often there in quite very partly

81

Summary Pattern #6
D Sub. LV D N P OP

2. My father was the president (of the club). (predicate noun pattern) Speaking = Father is the subject signaled by My, was is the verb, of the club is
a prepositional phrase. was is in our list of linking verbs followed by president, a noun signaled by the.
D Sub. P OP V-t D DO

3. The ship (at the dock) bumped our boat. (direct object pattern) Speaking = Ship is the subject, bumped is a past tense verb, at the dock is a
prepositional phrase. bumped is a transitive verb followed by boat, and signaled by the determiner our.
D Sub. LV IO D DO P OP

4. A man told Tom the story (of the event). (indirect object pattern) Speaking = Man is the subject, told is the verb, of the event is a prepositional
phrase. told is in our list of linking verbs followed by story, a predicate adjective.
D Sub. VI Adv.

5. The pencil lay there. (adverb pattern) Speaking = Pencil is the subject signaled by The, lay is a linking verb,
followed by there, an adverb.
D Sub. VI Adv. P D OP

6. His dog trotted quietly (down the street). (adverb pattern) Speaking = Dog is the subject signaled by the determiner His, trotted is a
linking verb, followed by quietly an adverb. Down the road is a prepositional phrase.
Sub. V-g IO D DO P OP

7. He gave us a lecture (about safety). (indirect object pattern) Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, gave is the verb, about safety is a
prepositional phrase. gave is a non- transitive verbs followed by us the indirect object. Lecture is the direct object.

82

Sub.

LV

Adj.

OP

8. Jean appeared happy (about our plans). (predicate adjective pattern) Speaking = Jean is the subject, appeared is the verb, about our plans is a
prepositional phrase. appeared is in our list of linking verbs followed by happy, an predicate adjective.
D Sub. V-t D DO

9. Each boy took his book (to the library). (direct object pattern) Speaking = Boy is the subject signaled by the determiner Each, took is a
transitive verb, to the library is a prepositional phrase. Book is a direct object adjective.
Sub. LV D N

10. Jim was the leader (of the group). (predicate noun pattern) Speaking = Jim is the subject, was is the verb, of the group is a prepositional
phrase. Was is in our list of linking verbs followed by leader, a noun.
Pron. VI Adv. P OP

11. She walked gracefully (to him). (adverb pattern) Speaking = She is the subject pronoun, walked is a linking verb, to him is a
prepositional phrase. Gracefully is an adverb.
D Sub. LV PAdj. P D OP

12. The bread tastes good (to the boys). (predicate noun pattern) Speaking = Bread is the subject, tastes is the verb, to the boys is a prepositional
phrase. tastes is in our list of linking verbs followed by good, a predicate adjective.
Pron. V-t D DO P OP

13. We wanted the paper (by noon). (direct object pattern) Speaking = We is the subject, wanted is a past tense transitive verb, by noon is
a prepositional phrase. Paper is a direct object.
Sub. P OP LV P.Adj.

14. The girl (near me) is Susan. (predicate adjective pattern) Speaking = Girl is the subject, is a present tense verb, near me is a prepositional
phrase. is is in our list of linking verbs followed by Susan an adjective.

83

Pron. VI

Adv.

OP

15. We left early (for the fair). (adverb pattern) Speaking = We is the subject, left is a linking verb, for the fair is a
prepositional phrase. Early is an adverb.
Sub. V-t D DO P OP

16. Grace drove the car (to church). (direct object pattern) Speaking = Grace is the subject. Drove is an intransitive verb, to the church is a
prepositional phrase. Car is a direct object.
Sub. V-t DO P OP

17. Mother told Harold (about it). (direct object pattern) Speaking = Mother is the subject, told a transitive verb, about it is a
prepositional phrase. Harold is a direct object
Pron. LV P.Adj.

18. You look unhappy. (predicate adjective pattern) Speaking = You is the subject, look is the verb. look is in our list of linking
verbs followed by unhappy, a predicate adjective. There is no prepositional phrase.
Pron. LV D N P D OP

19. He became the leader (of the boys). (predicate noun pattern) Speaking = He is the subject pronoun, became a linking verb, of the boys is a
prepositional phrase. became is in our list of linking verbs followed by leader, a noun signaled by the, a determiner.
Sub. VI Adv.

20. June talked happily. (adverb pattern) Speaking = June is the subject, talked a linking verb. Happily is an adverb.
There is no prepositional phrase.
Sub. V

21. Birds fly. . (This can end up as any of the listed) Speaking = Birds is a plural subject, fly is a verb. The object is assumed, but not
stated or written.

84

Sub. V-g

IO

DO

22. Sue gave me the information. (indirect object pattern) Speaking = Sue is the subject, gave is the verb. Me is an indirect object.
Information is the direct object. There is no prepositional phrase
Pron. LV D N P OP

23. He remained my friend (for years). (predicate noun pattern) Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, remained is a linking verb followed by friend.
For years is a prepositional phrase.
Pron. V-t DO P D OP

24. I pushed him (into the lake). (direct object pattern) Speaking = I is the subject pronoun, pushed is a transitive verb, into the lake is a
prepositional phrase. Him is a direct object pronoun.
D Sub. LV P.Adj.

25. Some trees seem tall. (predicate adjective pattern) Speaking = Tress is a plural subject signaled by Some, seem is the verb.
seem is in our list of linking verbs followed by tall, a predicate adjective. There is no prepositional phrase.
D Sub. VI Adv.

26. Some trees fell down. (adverb pattern) Speaking = Trees is the plural subject signaled by Some, fell is a linking verb,
and down an adverb. There is no prepositional phrase.
D Sub. V-t D DO.

27. The trees hit the ground. (direct object pattern) Speaking = Trees is the subject signaled by The, hit is the verb. Ground is a
direct object. There is no prepositional phrase.
D Sub. LV Adj.

28. The bread smells good (to us). (predicate adjective pattern) Speaking = Bread is the subject signaled by The. Smells is a linking verb, to us is
a prepositional phrase. smells is in our list of linking verbs followed by good, an adjective.

85

Sub. LV

OP

29. Each boy took his pen (with him). (predicate noun pattern) Speaking = Boy is the subject signaled by Each, took is a linking verb followed
by a noun pen, with him is a prepositional phrase.

86

Unit 6 When Linking VERBS Dont Link

Pron. LV P.Adj

3. She is lovely. Speaking = She is the subject pronoun, is the verb, and there are no
prepositional phrases. Is is in the list of linking verbs followed by lovely, which describes the subject. Is is therefore a linking verb in this sentence.
Pron. VI

4. She is (in the pool). Speaking = Man is the subject, is the verb. in the pool is a prepositional phrase.
is is in the list of linking verbs but there is no predicate word after it, which describes or refers to the subject. Is therefore is not linking in this sentence.
D N LV P.Adj

5. The candy tastes good. Speaking = Candy is the subject, tastes the verb, and there are no prepositional
phrases. Tastes is in the list of linking verbs followed by good, which describes the subject. Tastes is therefore a linking verb in this sentence.
D N VI D N

6. The boys tasted the candy. Speaking = Boys is the subject, tasted the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. Tasted is in the list of linking verbs, but there is no predicate word after it, which describes or refers to the subject. Is therefore is not linking in this sentence.
N LV D P.Adj.

7. Jim has been our chairman. Speaking = Jim is the subject, has been the verb, and there are no prepositional
phrases. Has been is in the list of linking verbs followed by chairman, which describes the subject. Has been is therefore a linking verb in this sentence.
N VI

8. Jim has been (with me). Speaking = Jim is the subject, has been the verb, and with me a prepositional
phrase. Has been is in the list of linking verbs, but there is no predicate word after it which describes or refers to the subject. Has been therefore is not linking in this sentence.

87

Pron.

VI

9. They are young. Speaking = They is the subject pronoun, are the verb, and there are no
prepositional phrases. Are is in the list of linking verbs followed by young, which describes the subject. Is is therefore a linking verb in this sentence.
Pron. LV

10. They are (in the kitchen). Speaking = They is the subject pronoun, are the verb, and in the kitchen is a
prepositional phrase. Are is in the list of linking verbs, but there is no predicate word after it which describes or refers to the subject. Are therefore is not linking in this sentence.
D N LV P.Adj.

11. The clock (on the wall) was large. Speaking = Clock is the subject, was the verb, and on the wall is a prepositional
phrase. Was is in the list of linking verbs followed by large, which describes the subject. Has been is therefore a linking verb in this sentence.
D N VI

12. The clock was (on the wall). Speaking = Clock is the subject, was the verb, and on the wall is a prepositional
phrase. Was is in the list of linking verbs, but there is no predicate word after it which describes or refers to the subject. Was therefore is not linking in this sentence.
D N LV P.Adj

13. The boys feel happy. Speaking = Boys is the subject, feel the verb, and there are no prepositional
phrases. Feel is in the list of linking verbs followed by happy, which describes the subject. Feel is therefore a linking verb in this sentence.
D N VI D N

14. The salesman felt the cloth. Speaking = Salesman is the subject, felt the verb, and there are no prepositional
phrases. Felt is in the list of linking verbs but there is no predicate word after it which describes or refers to the subject. Felt therefore is not linking in this sentence.

88

Pron.

VI

15. It sounds good (to me). Speaking = Man is the subject, sounds the verb, and to me a prepositional
phrase. Sounds is in the list of linking verbs, but there is no predicate word after it which describes or refers to the subject. Sounds therefore is not linking in this sentence.
N VI D N

16. John sounded the horn. Speaking = John is the subject, sounded the verb, and there are no
prepositional phrases. Sounded is in the list of linking verbs, but there is no predicate word after it which describes or refers to the subject. Sounded therefore is not linking in this sentence.
D N LV P.Adj.

17. The perfume smells good. Speaking = Perfume is the subject, smells the verb, and there are no
prepositional phrases. Smells is in the list of linking verbs, followed by good, which describes the subject. Smells is therefore a linking verb in this sentence.
Pron. VI D N

18. He smelled the perfume. Speaking = He is the subject pronoun, smelled the verb, and there are no
prepositional phrases. Smelled is in the list of linking verbs, but there is no predicate word after it which describes or refers to the subject. Smelled is therefore is not linking in this sentence.
D N LV P.Adj

19. His father grew old. Speaking = Father is the subject, grew the verb, and there are no prepositional
phrases. Grew is in the list of linking verbs followed by old, which describes the subject. Grew is therefore a linking verb in this sentence.
D N VI D N

20. His father grew some tomatoes. Speaking = Father is the subject, grew the verb, and there are no prepositional
phrases. Grew is in the list of linking verbs, but there is no predicate word after it which describes or refers to the subject. Grew is therefore is not linking in this sentence.

89

LV

P.Adj

21. The weather continued cold. Speaking = Weather is the subject, continued the verb, and there are no
prepositional phrases. Continued is in the list of linking verbs followed by cold, which describes the subject. Continued is therefore a linking verb in this sentence.
D N VI D N

22. The students continued the lesson. Speaking = Students is the subject, continued the verb, and there are no
prepositional phrases. continued is in the list of linking verbs, but there is no predicate word after it which describes or refers to the subject. Continued is therefore is not linking in this sentence.
Pron. VI D N

23. She turned the switch (on the stove). Speaking = She is the subject pronoun, turned the verb, and on the stove is a
prepositional phrase. Turned is in the list of linking verbs, but there is no predicate word after it which describes or refers to the subject. Are therefore is not linking in this sentence.
D N LV P.Adj

24. The weather turned cold. Speaking = Weather is the subject, turned the verb, and there are no
prepositional phrases. Turned is in the list of linking verbs followed by cold, which describes the subject. Turned is therefore a linking verb in this sentence.
Pron. LV D P.Adj.

25. It could be the man. Speaking = It is the subject pronoun, be the verb, and there are no
prepositional phrases. Be is in the list of linking verbs, followed by man, which describes the subject. Be is therefore a linking verb in this sentence.
N VI

26. Jerry could be outside. Speaking = Jerry is the subject, be the verb, and there are no prepositional
phrases. Be is in the list of linking verbs, but there is no predicate word after it which describes or refers to the subject. Be therefore is not linking in this sentence.

90

Pron.

VI

27. He could be (in the house). Speaking = He is the subject pronoun, be the verb, and in the house a
prepositional phrases. Be is in the list of linking verbs, but there is no predicate word after it which describes or refers to the subject. Be therefore is not linking in this sentence.
Pron. VI P.Adj.

28. It was he (near us). Speaking = It is the subject pronoun, was the verb, and near us is a
prepositional phrase. Was is in the list of linking verbs, followed by he, which describes the subject. Was is therefore a linking verb in this sentence.
D N VI

29. The men were (near us). Speaking = Men is the subject, were the verb, and near us is a prepositional
phrase. Were is in the list of linking verbs, but there is no predicate word after it which describes or refers to the subject. Be therefore is not linking in this sentence.
D N LV P.Adj.

30. The dog appeared hungry. Speaking = Dog is the subject, appeared the verb, and there are no
prepositional phrases. Appeared is in the list of linking verbs followed by hungry, which describes the subject. Is is therefore a linking verb in this sentence.

91

Unit 7 Adverbs modifying Verbs

D Sub. VI D N Adv.

3. The boys left the house early. (modifies left) Speaking = Boys is the subject, left the verb. There are no prepositional phrases.
The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Early modifies the verb left.
Sub. VI Adv.

4. John fell down (by the steps). (modifies fell) Speaking = John is the subject, fell the verb, by the steps a prepositional
phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Down modifies the verb fell.
Adv. Sub. VI

5. Quickly he ran (up the hill). (modifies ran) Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, fell the verb, and up the hill a prepositional
phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Quickly modifies the verb ran.
Sub. VI Adv.

6. Mary worked rapidly (for her mother). (modifies rapidly) Speaking = Mary is a subject, worked the verb, and for her mother a
Prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Rapidly modifies the verb worked.
Sub. VI Adv.

7. They talked (to each girl) quietly. (modifies talked) Speaking = They is a subject pronoun, talked the verb, and to each girl a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Quietly modifies the verb talked.
Adv. D Sub. VI D N

8. Slowly the dog scratched his ear. (modifies scratched) Speaking = Dog is a subject, scratched the verb. There is no a prepositional
phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Slowly modifies the verb scratched.

92

Sub.

VI

Adv.

9. Our baby cried loudly (for an hour). (modifies cried) Speaking = Baby is the subject, left the verb, and for an hour a prepositional
phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Loudly modifies the verb cried.
Sub. Be + ing N Adv.

10. She is playing ball now. (modifies is playing) Speaking = She is a subject pronoun, is playing a verb phrase. There are no
prepositional phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Now modifies the verb phrase is playing.
Sub. VI Adv.

11. He laughed merrily (at the kitten). (modifies laughed) Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, laughed the verb. and at the kitten a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Merrily modifies the verb laughed.
Adv. Sub. V-g Pron. D N

12. Then she gave them the ball. (modifies gave) Speaking = She is a subject pronoun, gave the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Then modifies the verb gave.
Sub. VI Adv.

13. I shall walk (down the hall) slowly. (modifies walk) Speaking = I is a subject pronoun, walk the verb. and down the hall a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Slowly modifies the verb walk.
Adv. Sub. V-g Pron. D P.Adj.

14. Quietly Jean gave them the candy. (modifies gave) Speaking = Jean is the subject, gave the verb. There are no prepositional phrases.
Them is an object pronoun and candy a predicate adjective. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Quietly modifies the verb gave.
Adv. D Sub. VI

15. Gracefully the deer loped (up the hill). (modifies loped) Speaking = Deer is the subject, loped the verb, and up the hill a prepositional
phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Slowly modifies the verb walk.

93

Sub.

Adv.

VI

16. Joe now seems hungry. (modifies seems) Speaking = Joe is the subject, seems the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Now modifies the verb seems.
D Sub. VI Adv.

17. The rabbits ran fast (by me). (modifies ran) Speaking = Rabbits is the subject, ran the verb, and by me a prepositional
phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Fast modifies the verb ran.
Sub. VI Adv.

18. Sharon went leisurely (on her way). (modifies went) Speaking = Sharon is the subject, went the verb, and on her way a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Leisurely modifies the verb went.
D Sub. Adv. VI D N

19. Soon he will be a man. (modifies be) Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, be the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Will modifies the verb be.
D Sub. VI Adv.

20. The bird fell there (by the tree). (modifies fell) Speaking = Bird is the subject, fell the verb, and on her way a prepositional
phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. There modifies the verb fell.
Adv. Sub. VI Pron. D P.Adj.

21. Quickly he gave him the pencil. (modifies gave) Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, gave the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Quickly modifies the verb gave.

94

Sub.

VI

Adv.

22. The plane flew (over us) swiftly. (modifies flew) Speaking = Plane is the subject, flew the verb, and over us a prepositional
phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Swiftly modifies the verb flew.
Sub. VI Adv.

23. I jumped down (on the ground). (modifies jumped) Speaking = I is a subject pronoun, jumped the verb, and on the ground a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Down modifies the verb jumped.
Adv. Sub. VI Pron.

24. Immediately she left us. (modifies left) Speaking = She is a subject pronoun, left the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Immediately modifies the verb left.
Sub. VI Adv. D N

25. Mary was often the chairman. (modifies was) Speaking = Mary is a subject, was the verb. There are no prepositional phrases.
The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Often modifies the verb was.
D Sub. VI D N Adv.

26. The boxer hit his opponent hard. (modifies hit) Speaking = Boxer is the subject, hit the verb. There are no prepositional phrases.
The verb is neither linking or transitive. Hard modifies the verb hit.
Sub. VI D N Adv.

27. He walked past the house rapidly. (modifies walked) Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, walked the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Rapidly modifies the verb walked.
Adv. D Sub. VI Adv.

28. Suddenly the dog became friendly. (modifies became) Speaking = Dog is the subject, became the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Suddenly and friendly both modify the verb left.

95

Adv.

Sub.

VI

29. Laboriously he copied the letter. (modifies copied) Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, copied the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Laboriously modifies the verb copied.
Sub. Adv. VI D N

30. Bill gracefully rode the horse. (modifies rode) Speaking = Bill is the subject, rode the verb. There are no prepositional phrases.
The verb is neither linking or transitive. Gracefully modifies the verb rode.
Adv. Sub. VI

31. Now he seems quiet. (modifies seems) Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, seems the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Now modifies the verb seems.

96

Unit 8 Adverbs modifying Adjectives

Sub. LV Int. PA.

2. It was too thin. Speaking = It is the subject pronoun, was the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. Was in our list of linking verbs followed by thin, a predicate adjective. Too is an intensifier modifying thin, an adjective.
Sub. LV Int. PA

3. Bob is quite handsome. Speaking = Bob is the subject, is the verb. There are no prepositional phrases.
Is in our list of linking verbs followed by handsome, a predicate adjective. Quite is an intensifier modifying handsome, an adjective.
Sub.

LV Int.

PA

4. We shall be very happy (with it). Speaking = We is the subject pronoun, shall be a verb phrase. With it is a
prepositional phrase. Shall be is in our list of linking verbs followed by happy, a predicate adjective. Very is an intensifier modifying happy, an adjective.
Sub. LV Int. PA

5. She is too proud (for us). Speaking = She is the subject pronoun, is a verb. For us is a prepositional
phrase. Is is in our list of linking verbs followed by proud, a predicate adjective. Too is an intensifier modifying proud, an adjective.
Sub. LV Int. PA

6. The cake was very delicious. Speaking = Cake is the subject, was the verb. There are no prepositional phrases.
Was is in our list of linking verbs followed by delicious, a predicate adjective. Very is an intensifier modifying delicious, an adjective.
Sub. VI Int. Adv.

7. Sue felt very good (about it). Speaking = Sue is the subject, felt the verb. About it is a prepositional phrase.
Felt is in our list of linking verbs followed by good, an adverb. Very is an intensifier modifying felt, an adverb.

97

Sub. LV

Int.

PA

8. Tom was quite healthy (for a boy). Speaking = Tom is the subject, was a verb. For a boy is a prepositional phrase.
Was is in our list of linking verbs followed by healthy, a predicate adjective. Quite is an intensifier modifying healthy, an adjective.
Sub. LV Int. PA

9. Darlene is very pretty. Speaking = Darlene is the subject, is the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. Is is in our list of linking verbs followed by pretty, a predicate adjective. Very is an intensifier modifying pretty, an adjective.
Sub.

LV

Int.

PA

10. We were unusually glad (about it). Speaking = We is the subject pronoun, were a verb. About it is a prepositional
phrase. Were is in our list of linking verbs followed by glad, a predicate adjective. Unusually is an intensifier modifying glad, an adjective.
Sub. LV Int. PA

11. He is not cheerful (around us). Speaking = He is the subject pronoun, is a verb. around us is a prepositional
phrase. Is is in our list of linking verbs followed by cheerful, a predicate adjective. Not is an intensifier modifying cheerful, an adjective.
Sub.

LV

Int.

PA

12. The water looked quite clear (to me). Speaking = Water is the subject, looked a verb. To me is a prepositional
phrase. Looked is in our list of linking verbs followed by clear, a predicate adjective. Quite is an intensifier modifying clear, an adjective.
Sub. LV Int. PA

13. It is too cold (in the room). Speaking = It is the subject pronoun, is the verb. In the room is a
prepositional phrase. Was s in our list of linking verbs followed by cold, a predicate adjective. Too is an intensifier modifying thin, an adjective.

98

Sub.

LV

Int.

PA

14. Jane has been unusually sad (about it). Speaking = Jane is the subject, has been a verb phrase. About it is a
prepositional phrase. Has been is in our list of linking verbs followed by sad, a predicate adjective. Unusually is an intensifier modifying sad, an adjective.
Sub.

LV

Int.

PA

15. His clothes looked quite dirty. Speaking = Clothes is the subject, looked the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. Looked is in our list of linking verbs followed by dirty, a predicate adjective. Quite is an intensifier modifying dirty, an adjective.
Sub.

LV

Int.

PA

16. He seems extremely angry (with us). Speaking = He is the subject pronoun, seems the verb. With us is a
prepositional phrase. Seems is in our list of linking verbs followed by angry, a predicate adjective. Extremely is an intensifier modifying angry, an adjective.
Sub.

LV

Int.

PA

17. The boy became really happy. Speaking = Boy is the subject, became the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. Became is in our list of linking verbs followed by happy, a predicate adjective. Really is an intensifier modifying happy, an adjective.

99

Section 2 Adverb Focus

Sub.

VI

Int.

Adv.

2. Jim works quite fast. Speaking = Jim is the subject, works the verb. There are no prepositional phrases.
The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Fast is a how adverb modifying the verb works. Quite is an intensifier modifying the adverb fast.
Sub.

VI

Int.

Adv.

3. She skates unusually well. Speaking = She is a subject pronoun, skates the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Well is a how adverb modifying the verb skates. Unusually is an intensifier modifying the adverb well.
Sub. VI nt.

Adv.

4. He sang very well (in the play). Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, sang the verb. In the play is a prepositional
phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Well is a how adverb modifying the verb sang. Very is an intensifier modifying the adverb well.
Sub.

VI

Int.

Adv.

5. Pat jumped almost perfectly (over it). Speaking = Pat is the subject, jumped the verb. Over it is a prepositional
phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. perfectly is a how adverb modifying the verb jumped. Almost is an intensifier modifying the adverb perfectly.
Sub.

VI

Int.

Adv.

6. The boy (in front) reads too slowly. Speaking = Boy is the subject, reads the verb. In front is a prepositional phrase.
The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Slowly is a how adverb modifying the verb read. Too is an intensifier modifying the adverb slowly.

100

Sub.

VI

Int.

Adv.

7. Some girls dance quite well. Speaking = Girls is the subject, dance the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Well is a how adverb modifying the verb dance. Quite is an intensifier modifying the adverb well.
Sub.

VI

Int.

Adv.

8. Tim talked almost constantly. Speaking = Tim is the subject, talked the verb. There are no prepositional phrases.
The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Constantly is a how adverb modifying the verb talked. Almost is an intensifier modifying the adverb constantly.
Sub. VI Int.

Adv.

9. A car sped very quickly (by us). Speaking = Car is the subject, sped the verb. By us is a prepositional phrase.
The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Quickly is a how adverb modifying the verb spec. Very is an intensifier modifying the adverb quickly.
Sub.

VI

Int.

Adv.

10. He listened (to me) very eagerly. Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, listened the verb. To me is a prepositional
phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Eagerly is a how adverb modifying the verb listened. Very is an intensifier modifying the adverb eagerly.
Sub.

VI

Int.

Adv.

11. Jim has eaten too quickly. Speaking = Jim is the subject, has eaten a verb phrase. There are no
prepositional phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Quickly is a how adverb modifying the verb has eaten. Too is an intensifier modifying the adverb quickly.

101

Sub.

VI

Int. Adv.

12. A squirrel dashed very fast (by us). Speaking = Squirrel is the subject, dashed the verb. By us is a prepositional
phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Fast is a how adverb modifying the verb dashed. Very is an intensifier modifying the adverb fast.
Sub.

VI

Int.

Adv.

13. The tenor sang unusually well. Speaking = Tenor is the subject, sang the verb. There are no prepositional phrases.
The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Well is a how adverb modifying the verb sang. Unusually is an intensifier modifying the adverb well.
Sub. VI Int.

Adv.

14. She read too slowly (for the part). Speaking = She is the subject, read the verb. For the part us is a prepositional
phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Slowly is a how adverb modifying the verb read. Too is an intensifier modifying the adverb slowly.
Sub.

VI

Int.

Adv.

15. He proved the problem very easily. Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, proved the verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Easily is a how adverb modifying the verb proved. Very is an intensifier modifying the adverb easily.
Sub.

VI

Int.

Adv.

16. We went (to town) very unwillingly. Speaking = We is a subject pronoun, went the verb. To town is a prepositional
phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Unwillingly is a how adverb modifying the verb went. Very is an intensifier modifying the adverb unwillingly. .

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Unit 9 Adverbial Nouns (Pattern)

Sub. VI Adv. N.

2. He jumped ten feet (over the brook). Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, jumped the verb, and over the brook is a
prepositional phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Ten feet is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

3. Our dog was worth fifty dollars. Speaking = Dog is the subject, was worth a verb phrase. There are no
prepositional phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Fifty dollars is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

4. I saw him last week. Speaking = I is the subject pronoun, saw a verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Last week is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

5. He met me last night (at the park). Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, met the verb, and at the park is a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Last night is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

6. She walked ten miles (to town). Speaking = She is a subject pronoun, walked the verb, and to town is a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Ten miles is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

7. He was there (in the house) that day. Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, was the verb, and in the house is a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. That day is an adverbial noun.

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Sub.

VI

Adv. N.

8. We drove (over the roads) all morning. Speaking = She is a subject pronoun, walked the verb, and over the roads is a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. All morning is an adverbial noun.
Adv. N. Sub.VI

9. Three times the car ran (around the track). Speaking = Car is the subject, ran the verb, and around the track is a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Three times is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

10. John waited two hours (in the depot). Speaking = John is the subject, waited the verb, and in the depot is a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Two hours is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

11. We shall go this afternoon (to him). Speaking = We is a subject pronoun, shall go a verb phrase, and to him is a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. This afternoon is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

12. He sat quietly five minutes. Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, sat the verb, and there are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Five minutes is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

13. We backed up one inch. Speaking = We is a subject pronoun, backed the verb, and there are no
prepositional phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. One inch is an adverbial noun.
Adv. N. Sub. VI

14. Four days it rained. Speaking = It is a subject pronoun, rained the verb, and there are no
prepositional phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Four days is an adverbial noun.

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Sub.

VI

Adv. N.

15. The book was worth five dollars. Speaking = Book is the subject, was worth a verb phrase, and there are no
prepositional phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Five dollars is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

16. The butter was worth sixty cents. Speaking = Butter is the subject, was worth a verb phrase, and there are no
prepositional phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Sixty cents is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

17. We offered it (to him) five times. Speaking = We is a subject pronoun, offered a verb, and to him a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Five times is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

18. His hat was worth ten dollars. Speaking = Hat is the subject, was worth a verb phrase, and to him a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Ten dollars is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

19. She went (to town) this morning. Speaking = She is a subject pronoun, went a verb, and to town a
prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. This morning is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

20. I shall pay you next month. Speaking = I is a subject pronoun, shall pay a verb phrase. There are no
prepositional phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Next month is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

21. It dropped six inches. Speaking = It is a subject pronoun, dropped a verb. There are no prepositional
phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Six inches is an adverbial noun.

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Sub.

VI

Adv. N.

22. You must walk two miles (during the day). Speaking = You is a subject pronoun, must walk a verb phrase, and during the
day a prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Two miles is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

23. He will come (to me) tomorrow morning. Speaking = He is a subject pronoun, will come a verb phrase, and to me a
Prepositional phrase. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Tomorrow morning is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

24. Jim came last night. Speaking = Jim is the subject, came a verb. There are no prepositional phrases.
The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Last night is an adverbial noun.
Sub. VI Adv. N.

25. The car was worth ninety dollars. Speaking = Car is the subject, was worth a verb phrase, There are no
prepositional phrases. The verb is neither linking nor transitive. Ninety dollars is an adverbial noun.

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