April 28, 2009 ChBE 3210 Transport II Final Exam CLOSED BOOK PORTION Cheat sheets, equation sheets,

and property tables are not allowed on this portion of the exam. Questions 1-6 (15 point total): Hot air enters a pipe (surface temperature is 200 K, pipe diameter is 10 cm, pipe length is 100 m) at 440 K and exits at 360 K. Assume fully-developed flow with Nu = 3.66. The properties of air at the appropriate temperature are listed below.

Specific heat = 1041.2 J/kgK Viscosity = 2.2857 x 10-5 kg/m s Density = 0.8822 kg/m3 Thermal conductivity = 3.651 x 10-2 W/mK Pr = 0.689 Thermal diffusivity = 3.7610 x 10-5 m2/s Velocity = 0.5 m/s 1. 2 points: What is the convective heat transfer coefficient?

2. 2 points: What is the Peclet number?

3. 2 points: What is the Reynolds number?

4. 2 points: What is the Stanton number?

5. 2 points: What temperature are the properties evaluated at?

6. 5 points: What is the rate of heat transfer from the fluid to the surface of the pipe?

Question 7 (10 points): In Nukiyamas classic 1934 experiment, he characterized the different regions of the boiling curve using a power-controlled heating device. In these experiments water was boiled by applying power to a nichrome wire that was submerged in a vat of water. Draw and label the boiling curve that Nukiyama discovered. Labels should include the 4 important points on the curve and the 4 major boiling regimes (use descriptive terms; NO credit will be give for region I, II, III, IV).

Question 9 (11 points): List Ficks First and Second Laws and provide the assumptions that are applied in order to use these equations to solve mass transfer problems.

Multiple Choice and True False (2 points each, 14 points total): 10. When there is no temperature gradient in a mass transfer process, the only form of energy exchange is: a. Conduction b. Convection c. Variation in molecular enthalpy d. Radiation 11. The general form of the differential equation of mass transfer can be reduced to the continuity equation if: a. Equimolar counterdiffusion b. Pseudo steady state c. 1-D mass transfer d. Unimolecular Diffusion 12. A pseudo steady state assumption can be made when: a. The length of the diffusion path changes slowly with time. b. The boundary condition changes slowly with time. c. The diffusing species A is finite and is diffusing into infinite amount of species B. d. All of the above. 13. The Rayleigh number is equal to the product of the: a. Grashoff number and the Prandtl number b. Reynolds number and the Prandtl number c. Stanton number and the Prandtl number d. Nusselt number and the Grashoff number 14. What factors have the most influence on the heat transfer rate for tube banks in cross-flow? a. Boundary layer separation and wake interactions b. Rayleigh and Grashoff numbers c. Boundary layer formation and the film temperature d. Reynolds and Stanton numbers 15. The slope of the operating line for a continuous contact tower is the ratio of the molar fluxes of two immiscible substances. a. True b. False 16. The mass transfer capacity coefficient is expressed in the fundamental units of length cubed per time. a. True b. False

April 28, 2009 ChBE 3210 Transport II Final Exam (3 note cards plus EQN SHEEET SECTION)

Problem 1 (50 points): Well water is flowing (10 kg/s) in the brass tubes (n = 50) of a fouled single shell four-pass heat exchanger, which is used to cool industrial air (flows at 20 kg/s). The overall heat transfer coefficient (Uo) for an unfouled heat exchanger is 29 W/m2K. The outer tube diameter is 10 cm, the tube thickness is 5 mm, and the length of a single tube is 20 m. The inlet and outlet temperatures of industrial air are 100 C and 70 C and the inlet temperature of well water is 10 C. For well water and industrial air, assume that the properties of water and air at the specified temperature can be used. Determine the shell-side and tube-side heat transfer coefficients, the fouled overall heat transfer coefficient, and the rate of heat transfer in the fouled heat exchanger. What is the effect of fouling on the rate of heat transfer? Problem 2 (50 points): A can of cola (8 cm in diameter and 16 cm in height) is taken from the refrigerator (4 C) on a hot and humid day (30 C and 50% relative humidity) and placed on the counter-top. Determine the rate of film-wise condensation. Problem 3 (50 points): A remediation trench (3 m deep and 2 m wide) containing 400 m3 of wastewater is contaminated with a small amount of benzene (C6H6). No inflow or outflow of wastewater to the tank but the air is sparged into the bottom of the tank at a rate of 0.5 m3 air/1 m3 of water per minute. The gas hold-up parameter is 0.2 m3 air per 1 m3 water. The average bubble diameter from the air sparger is 3.0 mm. Determine the required time to reduce the benzene concentration from 1 g benzene/m3 to 0.001 g benzene/m3. The temperature of the air and water are 300 K. The Henrys law constant for benzene in water is 557 atm m3/mol. Problem 4 (40 points): Air at 283 K and average pressure of 1.013 x 105 Pa flows through a tube with inner diameter of 3 cm at a bulk velocity of 15 m/s. At 283 K, naphthalene has a vapor pressure of 5 Pa, a mass diffusivity in air of 6 x 10-6 m2/s, and air has a kinematic viscosity of 1.415 x 10-5 m2/s. Determine the length of tube that would be required for a concentration of 2.9 x 10-4 mol/m3 naphthalene in the exit stream. Problem 5 (35 points): Reaction: 3 C (s) + 2.5 O2 (g) 2 CO2(g) + CO (g) A spherical particle of coal (pure carbon, density is 1280 kg/m3, initial diameter is 10 mm) is slowly being oxidized in air at 600 K and 1 atm. Oxygen at the surface reacts instantly with carbon forming carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. If a steady state process is assumed, determine the time required for complete combustion of the coal particle. Assume that the diffusivity of oxygen in the gas mixture is equal to the diffusivity of oxygen in air. Problem 6 (25 points): A polymer coating on a nonporous flat surface is 10 mm thick. Solvent remaining in the polymer matrix is uniformly distributed at 8 wt%. The effective diffusivity of the solvent in polymer is 2 x 10-6 cm2/s. How long will it take for the maximum solvent concentration to be reduced to 2 wt%?