EGYPT

W_*R A U D

WAVY

DO?ARTMlFlTS

WASHlWPTOMr

Om C .

CONTENTS

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Curremy Table

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P a p N ~ t a . . .

W+hu and Measurts

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CW ~istof ~ o and 5 ~
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b . . - . . m 3 8 i . . s . . . . . . 39 i

Elin@

rn Pronouncing Arabic

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. ~. . ~ o f ~ U s e f u l W o r & a n d P
AddicionaI Words and

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YOU'RE B O W FOR EGWT for just one job: To beat the enemy and help bring conclusive victory for the Allied Nations. T o do that, you've got to use your brains as well as your body. As an American soldier, you'll aIso become a sort of Ambassador for your country. Wherever you b,people are go^ t o judge the United States by you. They'll
watch you, and listen to you, and say: "So that's wbat the Amerims arc like, is it?" We've got a fairly good 'reputation in the world at large right now. Don't spoil it. Make it bemrl

IS ALL THIS IMPORTANT?You're right it is! Your

conduct can shapt up as a vital &r in wintling thil war. So don't laugh it ofF-kause your enemy isn't Egypt hasn't dedared war on the Axis: but she is friend11 to h e United Nations. Dr. Goebbels and every one d hi: aides is w o r k i i to switch that friendship. The enany wmts you to make mistakes, and s o he is working day and night, witb his propaganda. H e w t s you aor t o get along with your partners-the soldim o f our Allits who are i n Egypt. ' ~ umost t o f all, he wants you to make mismkes with the Egyptiah. H t hopes that,

STAND FOR ANTIQUITY. Yes, Egypt's old. We've reear& of people living t h m ~opm years ago. About gooa B. C mnquEturro swept up fmm the Red &a. The& invaders h d d w e l o d hierug1yphicr-a t y po f c a d y . picture writing, ~ftrs chiseled in s r o l r a o d ro we have f r kh t . I N O R a E l b c ~ ~ ~ f l h t h t e p 8 f ~ a fairly g d recmd ~f hismry in E p t w I The h t kingi rst Phata* rdiq abut .B.C . , of Egypiam, y w 4 te, k m w a Z & abwt WW I&ned M ~ R C S , I cing T d , &WE tomb was ~ u r s e . W c l l , w b d ~ a u a ~ ~ ~ ~ k &scovered a few years agt+ came m e r,g60 years la+ it? 5 u it ~ has p y ~ a m i h d pdm -nd people in case you want w how dd Egypt k The Pharride an can&. WE'= dl seen travd movk. And the aoh o f Mattsa k , mentimed in tbr a&, is W h d CbildrtnQfI~iled~~wdgcroasthemSta to bt Merapt& w b dd abut ra& 8.C. to tbe Promised W. W e h w hat much faom our Thcir religiw M h e w 1 e na piaee h p t t a n ~ t w Bibles. But W s lxm& enough, to equip yuu as a o m ' . preservation d Eht M y after W,b t , r n & man mhhn. and hrrrce-as the saying is-&pyramids. The @& Tl~wlPdP rrP b k s hwe b writfw an E g p , h t are royd t o d s p a n e m dvm new M e . If ym're aomeele~~nxeU~dk~&wuntr]r.It'$too in du Engineers, you &At spend your spre time figwl know big md tw &&P&A~ b a g ing hew the old Egyptians, w i W auy A e q , manrbou~$Bp~di&mtamof~hsbl&tRpr~ o get t b idw &GL B o c g o ~ ~ ~ ~ $ E Y ~ g i n W A B C f Q L m ;?' , a' k w .aged t f $re golden d a y s af o f ~ ~ g ~ ~ m a p i m e r # r p ~ d m m c o f t h ~ S h d p More tire b i o Egyptian wurld h h s b i hgw w fad6 Rame had f m you ewd m knaw, Ef y ~ cxefchc u n n a r d amount o f S day a r warlike p v a . l % w f w E t , m pd under cwiwity, F'U Gad wst mow a b u t t h land d m y rulers, among &em &E Rstnana, thm the P m h q

perhap unwittingly, your manners will o f E d them, that that you'll insult yoli'll trampk rlumgily on their their rehgion, and that you'll make mistakes ab& their d a l mttitwb and politid beli* Sa here's h e p u fed the Axis! b d tbig book

the Arabs, Turks, Fmch md Turks again, In] xguq tht British established a proteaorate in order to guard the Suez C a d against the Turks. Afar the war, in 19%the Brirish returned Egypt to the status of independent State,

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IN Ab w GW~DWWK on Eg@t
must stand for Backshish and Barter. Bachhhh means sanething fm, a tip, a gift o f money, some e m award It is probably the &st &aKc ward you'll hear as you land in Egypt. Partly because you are a well-pid ddier, but more kuseo f the cardas lavishness o f prewar American m & o f the wealthy type, you will be fair target h cries a backdhh. Don't be a s u c h ! To &g c#lt aoins and watch the boys.scramble madly is small-mwn stuff. And p u l l h v c a mala felIowing yau'that'tt win the rest of your day. When you h d in a bii city, ym~ mag be surmu~decl by a crowd of yaung m'ea trying ta d you erotic serviecs you don't m t , or a bunth of yaungsters j u t crying wt for "Backdi~h.~' Learn ta use a muple o f Arabic phrase, Simply say: "Mafish 3ackskisHI" (m*FESH butSHEESH.) which simolv meam: "There is po y t
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plished way t o say "no" in A 6 is: "Allah Ya'tibr' ( A H W yah-TEEK) which in general means that sirwe God is a i l - p o d withaw doubt H e will see that the suppliant is rewarded. T k w phrases are polite but finn. Say &her or both and keep walking. Finally yw'U'be Let alonc. The same rule holds if you find yburselt smoundcd bg "dragomen" o r guides. Jwt keep on going and say: "hshi!" ( I M ~ h e s ) (,a ptrfectly police Arabic tquivalcnt of "scram'' o r h t it!"). Or you ean we: ~"Uskutl" (OO$&m)-"Be quietl" H m m , if you're in Cairn on leave and wnnt to see the sights, gex an accredited dragoman. They congregate o p p i t t Shtphcid's H Q ~outside , the &a' servic~ dibs, Make u n i t e a p e m a t about c k g a &fwe starting wt.'It's the custom. h the same when hiring P t a x i o r engaging any such senice. Them2s.al o to f ahgiving and tipping in Cairo. When yw tip, give ra p r m t of the bill, w lit& mme. Fur & S I, a small c o b . Two s d caiso are cansidered a more splendid &t than a larger ent ed a q d due. T f you want s w v e n i r e n tbe b'i ahaps prim art marked as in America. But, in the bazaars, you bargain. h g a b h g is a national Egyptian pastimt, sport, art, and safety valve. Thanks to American movies and tourfmhmnq.'' A

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a short rainy season, a d if you've lived hi sur Bf the W m you h o w w h that mtzuro.

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Wartr k3 &k t 0W Q T~ ~. I EW *S dry . o f p p k are m a x r m d with raid& h i g a t i a ditch&* getting w a r n ro the l a d . Egypt's 12,um square d~af arable had Lir i n the Nile Valley and the Delta M a w a i m The Lmrs are d. Ovcr 4,ompw fanilia own Lrrns af 2 a t w down t a a half acre That means a kw stan&d d living by
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view.

Parlhent arc graduates of the A m &

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university at

FOR THE DESERT. Away from the Nile it5 dry

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desert, with only r few water holes, or fertile oases. The climate's no balmy padike. That desert can be p u r c m y o r friend. h r n from the old-time1.0~ ta &feat i~ dust, sandst~rrns,hot winds. Most campaigns have been in the "winter " ; but you've got to learn t o &ht in all mwns-and do it ktter than the enemy. Lam ta w r v e your water sup ply, for it's the key to life i n a desert cmmq like Egypt.

Egypt, like k y land ping thmugh rebid, seeks progress tbrough b r d e d educational faditits, through b k s , through Itarning. That's not a Nazi idea of pmgrcss, but it's Egypt4P--andows, tsa

STAhW FOR EDUCATION and El h b r . In a way they're both the same thing. In the last d a m centurh of fareign ruIe the followers o f Islam kept d i v e the culture a d I w n i n g of Egypt. The El Azhar at Cmiro, founded gao yean before Columbus , dimered America, b et k a t of Koranic learning. T o d a yE l A z k , guided by the noted Mousmph El Moraghi, ranks as "the oldest universiq h&c world." About 7 , w grammar s c M s in Egypt work to avercame illiteracy. In Cairo thcrc are x , p o university s h -

FLORA AND P A W . Egypt is a Iand w h c ~ a date is something that grows on a tree and is an important emnornic m t . If you're interested in trees, sycamores, acacias, umari& daom palms, and wWtllows are most eommon.For fruit: figs, pmcgranates, b a s , and oranges. Farm crops sxe r k , barley, clover, sugar, gome w h a ~ and--most of all-+ fine gra& o f cotton for export trade. As for animals, Egypt has no 4 , f o * or jungIcs, and so there are few wild animals. Cawda and donkeys for transport; and *he trikmen have the hdy-boned

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h general, iht Egyptian &inks manners are i m m t .

He Bslilrcs physical mi~tact. H e will shake hands we do, but h n ' t undtntmd a sbp on t h k ~ k . H e a;Em't
G Q V E W W T . In 3922 when Britain ended thc Pramzwa~, E g y p B g c m a d-ratie monarchy under King Fuad 1. Qis son, h g F w d , now T h d s a wcchwse gmerahg h d y a ia h d e a . Thc I W ~b, Y c4=r af & p ~ t i & w ~ ~d y fie pmp1s 'rbc has g r a pawet, H e a p p i m mne-third dir& the I m e r d &e rntmks Q. thg hause, and his saethn is r e p i d or all lcgidatibn. d i h fmm our ma. Vi&p and Law tribal letdm dis.peme ju&x 'm m n h i t y with law.

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like $. A hml w p r i x n b w i n g a f t r m d i c u p 3 ~ ~ & ~ w ~ ~ ~ l a s r e f t l s i a g t h ~ f l # t ~ ; a ~ ~ ~ ~

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a a d t b i P d ; ~ h * ~ ~ * W A e c l p t w d u p * dmm q y m * m RWe, Threbtiotagmtb~pw'll-azitlaaEg$p .

Majar &iI and miinha1 & a s c-e m t formal t r i b ~ dP . t m I ; h ~~ , W - E I (m~** h c h , 4hkp d mwaiggh is hy $Lt M d e m a ~ r i t y .

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HQWiTALrn, m m haw. how to k hapi* bk. ~ ~ ' s a ~ k how ~ wa rccepth $ & &dm &lwlg "tmdzd m u p p e ~ c E s gyptians, m w w s are like aur wq ady a M e m m fmd. Away k the titits, mmm arc m i r e :p a r d y J 4 .

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~ $ b I r , ~ ~ ~ e ~ i & t ~ u d i * More stadng. s a %lsrnWra ~ JL&iMWJ5 whith means: "InahcNamed M ~ ~ l a 4 ~ t b p k ~ o similzr A d i c phr* &I M in wkk4It is said as *pip as one might q a L g m e i a r - r n r
r t q u i 4 m d i e l a q e ~

&krzEameisnat 7 ~ W L J & i s c h e e ~ ~ ~ & w b ~ y m

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p i e s e n t . E ~ ~ ~ ~ c e d f d l e ~ h r r w . ~

quite W p PWE to inhale with meping effect.TJGr iadiaws p ' r e enjoying it-d M p 4 it d l . An ~ ~ ~ ~ p '@ i ais t a6 e ~lcCWle aokea of i l p ~ ~ c b h n ia Q y p ar it k hame. But w e thing. Don't malrt~ promire,aaek~ JQypththk ~ U ' W
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~ B OASJS. U B ~o~~o~ lia ~i h aut e d this mwgic s p Irmg before this war broke out. The E g y p t i p adiwted tbc M t r and I d 7 @ J m h b bi return for land in the n c i g h h h d d SoIl~mW h h on &a subjmt crf Italiansq Don't think m ' t fight They can, and if thy t h i their is being moekcd. It'&t m huadrcdr of & u s gf W i have w&$ KO tke British afcea lnxaw .the Gcrmaas left them in the l d . Right now rhc Itnlian ddier is pu9zlmg out a h b b: wheth~ it's hdwlini or' t h& W he disyks mast. h him didikc I d . h f i l h s af Miam ~ e r c taught in the old s h a h that Britain ws "Itdfs M i friend." Millions mare itwe datives happy a d d m Ptogprous in the Unritd S ~ t c h

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1s KHARTOUM. Axid ma* Kitrber aad Ki$iag. In 1d8g an Egyptian am7 was wiped mt by the "M&diw i n the Sudan. A BdhB cpf@&n u m h G a d Charles

Gordon was surrounded $ Khartoum, ~ f t e ;long mistance by the garriwn, the Fuzzy-wuzaia broke through and wiped out the M e n d a s . The Sudan war pcifiad and h e Mahdi's supportem muadd up by General Kitehener, who later took tbe title o fahmet o f Klim~lun. Today the Sudan& m e in the Egyptian Army. These black, smart-looking soldiers are rough &him.

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up s i c E;~M w r * . But ~t be r g r h m . ~ ~ u n to speak a few words of Arabic. The E g p t b ~ art p l e d when you try it. L

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LANGUAGE. llw common m p e of Egypt is ~ 6 ; ' i . We took our system of numerals from h e Arabs; but we use thk Roman alphabet, Thus it is small chance that you'll learn m d in Arabiie. The spoken language, however, is nor hard, although it has certain munds we du not use in OW tongue. There is a glossary in the back of tbis b k . There is no s e t way to s p 4 Arabic words i n our alphakr. It is spokesl over a vast area of the &st, and h s variant local p r o d ~ ~ ~ b . The glossary u b to give y q t rhe ''muad" of the words asdinEgypt. Educated Egyptiam usudy @ s French and some English. TIE d r a m e n and guida in Cairo h v e picked

LEMS AND MUEZZINS. Io other wdeWtli&nt

It is one of the majar points in gttlk~g &LI with ~
tfK Egyptians. The Prophet Mohammed was born in M , i n Arab* i n 570 A. D .As a boy he tended shttp. AS a man, he gained wealth, and h t repelled by the idolatry and murder end infanticide of the &, H e spent much time in prayer about thiP in caves near M e c c a . In thest cavts he was visited by she Archangel Gabriel who spoke words to him which later were writtm into the Koranthe Holy 3od~ o f the Moslem. Mohammed braved death to preach bis new religion of one God. After his death Islam (the Malem religion) sprcad rapidy over Asia Minor, Egypt, into Twkey, I n d i aad parm of Africa. I n those lands you will see the mosques (eunplc9) with their minarets o r towers. The "muezzin" is the &cia1 who stands in the minaret and call^ "the faithfut" to prayer five time d d ~

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sum&

*d &r

d A . His

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n o M b u t A H a h , ~ i s y&?l.@adisgmt.kism

which arc open for visitem. A reputable guide knows which they are. But never try to r&t tke others, Dont go into any mosque k . Keep away from them
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a~mueh # y ~ ~ c a & Over go percent o f Egyptians are bloslem, Them i s an , - ancient Wian s e c t 4 Cuts. They numkr about 6 percent o f the populrtbti, but thrir influence is larger than this indieam. But the Cagtq like +e Moslems, do net welcome the dighmr interference OF irrcvucnce their digious custDmc R e m m k P one s f rhe principics fur which we fight : this war is that "every man &all have tke right to w m s h i p W in his own way,"

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ISFOR~~rhe~~-mil*riw.UiaEht&blmd of Egypt. The Nile k E ~ p t . Mam was found in the Idnuha kick it, M O and RCIeoptra ~ sailed on it. Up through U o r y a d e a have sailed up it. It iCTigated c h ~ land and it b r e ttae traprsgolz of the p p l e , Taday, although Egypx has d c d s for m w p q it is , n o t e s s h ~ l o o d d t k ~ ~ u a ~ . . Each ycar it o v e r k , leaving rich degsx%itsto refar-

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IS THE OMAD, village head man empowered by law

t a dispense justice. On o&ial business in ang village, seek

pay c ~ u r t a y yll. H e can simplify any problems o f food, bedding, billeting, etc. In Bedouin tribes o f tbe desert, the Sheik (Shakc) is
out the Omad a n d

the lader.

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In dding with Omad or Sheik, conduct y o d f with dignity. An Egyptian is much more liable to hasc his judgment on the person than on rhc matter at hand. Generally thc'American mind says: "If .the deal adds up, the man must bc 0. K . " The Egyptian mind Is more liable to put it: "If the man is 0. K . ,then the deaI must be all right."

tilize the precious farm .lands. This rise and fall of the river i s regular each year. The river runs low in April. Then, fed by tropical rains in far-off Abyssinian highh d s , it starts to rise. By the end of September at Thebes, it is 36 feet bigher. Aftcr that date it slowly subsides. The Nile, in case you're looking f o r omem, is a patriotic river. In July the water runs red; up at the source it's called the White Nile: at Khartoum it's joined by the Blue Nile.

STANDS FOR THE PEOPLE-about 16,ooo,ooo of them in Egypt, and Ia,wo,m wring a living from the land. They can k divided into fom clas~es. There's the professimd or o5cial class-people with same money. These people are cultured, are often 'Westemid i n custom and dress. However, they ate more

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in w w - d &n and ~ d e m b : thc kdouin i n burand hmtkd headdms.

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iokcs of Cairo. and works with nood feeding b dwarn. ~

ing to&. m e r e are some craft h i the $duuid unployee is not a p w c r i n the p l i t i d lifq of Egypt. Finally, there ,are the p t a s a i t t - f a m ~ r 2 , 0 0 0 ,of ~ them--the "Fdlab#n." By w c s q standards &e M a hasn't much. His home's without eomfwt. H e cats ~ i d c beyond bread, lend$ h m , onions, and very mtasional mutton at feasts, But in the main he sxems c b n k t d . Finally there's the &douh-the s e m i d i c t r h m po f the desert. Some Bedouins have b e famm but h e y are h G t h animals than crop sparse vegetation o f the desert they raise hcrdiig is looked on as an un&gmfud business. As in m y of the world outside Am ing denotes dasp or prohaion. In Giro .you cam o f that poPte ps-the w 4 & y garkd a? in

ca & a land that is "&ng places," &.

In general, there-

TEE QATTABA DEPRESSION. This MOWarea is a sort of combination of the W t a badand California's Death V&y. General Alexandtr ,&pression as d hitching p s t for the i n his defense o f Egypt until he rebuilt into an attacking form. West d the Qattara D t p m s b lies thc Libyan Cyrcnaica OW which the war has 3nwtd. It has mofi like naval warfare tban land fighting, with the -not s o mueh'to m u e r land as t o b y thc ong fighting. The Italians won thc

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easy first round in Scpsember 1940, when they invadd Egypt and r a c h d Sidi Barrani. Central WaveU with a small army kicked them 400 miles back to El Agheila in January rgq1, until mme o f the k t of his few troops were taken away and sent m help Greece. Rommel counterattacked and, i n ish chassd Rammel ahat January 1942.Rom~nelthe tara arm where he stayed until the great British onslaught i n October rwz, which started the: grand Allied atrack on all N o d Africa.

Remember, during Ramadan, m e r &I a native hd,

OULb CANAL, This is why E m t is such a vital thtatrc of war. At present we link hands w i h Rush, while Germany wd J a p are cut off frbm web ather* Tbc G drd smashing his the great oil fields o f

month the de

he often stays up aU n
lack of deep, even t bad-tempered. It is especially during the rciigious ecstasy of h d a n that Moslem resent anything h a t smm like i nor d k ~ p e c from t an " u n b e l i e v e r . "

Early in h i m q

tbat

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87"iIe neck bemeen Africa and U a i would reshape the

+ping cclmmuaicatioas of the world. In I@, N a p h n ordered a s~-. Hip &- Mew c o m p ~ d the Red Sea was 30 feet hiher than the Malitermian.

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Hence a and would &A the hieditamman and makc ~l~~~Eur~p.SDNapahcalledd~ddd. In IW, Ferdiad & bps umstnactcd tbe v t c a d . Six p r s the Egyptim Khedive, who held a b u t balf tke s t d in the a d m p a n y , wanted to d nut. Mrne Moister Disraeh who knew a barpin when 6r saw me, p s u d e d Victoria that the British s h d d brry the s k m ~ ).Q,Qoo,~o. The British gaimd ming t s d dh e mi,w b i d w o p ~hawevcr, , to
a

Egypt, TlteWzi&~ have &d

i n Plrrmkq the p r m t

In ~ a i r o "Georgei* will K&& to get into a Camera p i m e ; but in ma1 districts the camera is an evil eye. Don't snap pictures indiiriminateIy. Some Moslems believe even your glance is evil. Don't .try to take dildrcn on your knee. If a friendly Moslem should happen to indicate his wife, or children--or tvcn a possessiondo-not stare. Let your eye pass on and say: " M a s W ( m d H A H + L A H ) . This means, "Praise be to Gd," and takes the curse o f i your "evil eye." And remember, be apacWly careful not to o&nd Mop 11 lem sensitivities at Ramadan.

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MEANS UNITED NATIONS. You've got Allies
in

Australians who"ve whipped the enemy on a dmen fronts; New Z e a l ~ n d t c sand Swth Af&m who arc quieaubut no less good m m in the line. There are Hihhdedcn born Scotland-they've left their kilts home in this war and k h t in "brccka:' There arc scrappy little Ghurkas from lnd'is, who h a s t they never sheath their knives - once drawn until b l d has Bowed. Sa don't ask to see a Ghurkds knife. There are Fighting French, and wen Poles, Greeks, and Czech who e~eapedfrom their lands and carry on the fight. Learn to distin& these soldiers. Although m y are in British uniforms, they U e to h recognized for what they are. So learn distinguishing marks.

this war. Get M know them in Egypt. 'EPw can learn

from the o l d - t i m e a n d nothing could d e the Axis
agents angrier than to have you pay rm attention t o all
the bunk put out a h you aod your Mi
In Egypt there are British Tommies speakiag tbc var-
iant county accents o f England, Walm, and N o d Ire
Inad. Their comrades dkd by thousands on the k r t
until they got mare and better equipment.
You1 U d English regiments which have fought
through every successful allied &ensivc in Africa; tougb

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The Scots regimen^ still wear their bonnets. The bhck ' berets m a n the wearers are in the British tank corps. '
The Australian "digger" has his douch hat. U s d y thc others have distinguishing b a d p on their shoulders. These aoldiers have s e t names for each other. Just as every Egyptian is "Georgt," every Scottish soldier is "Jock" to his friends. Every Ghurka is "Jobnnie." An Australian is either "Digger" o r " A d a . " T h e others are called by their shoulder b a h : "'Poland,'' or "Mew ZaIand,'' o r "Durham," o r "Koyli." In turn you will be "Yank" If you're from the kuth, you may spend h o w exdaining your definition o f a Yankee. It won't matter. Youll s d I be "Yank" and they mean it i n a friendly way,
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,@wn sm$c. a . i p ~ ~ ~ a d ~ t p I q I ; ' ~tpphu%.N~~~dyoUP~wi~&~OX h ' t ,drink canal ar .river WPW 6 itas hen W. ( W i n k M ~ & > far ~ i~ t's ~ -w *d d h g b ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ o f a ~ ~ h .g , ~dacPPifniafbEwik*~~3w~~di* .t

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I N ANY COUNTRY WHERE OUR TROOPS ARE SERVING STANDS FOR VICTORY. The 6rst stepping stone t o it lo for the soldier to ,keeph i m d m d y alert and physically fit. Keeping d e ' s health i n Egypt is not a t a ~ y as at hame. Veneteal h s t s arc bighly prcvalcnt in & N w East. T k m * s one & t i d y mrc wag not ro get tbem: keep away f m w m e a The rountry has enough disease without mmhg this

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I S r v R THE WAFD. T ' Wafd, or extreme National-

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ist party, Ied in the fight for indepndmcc. It is in power today, but now stands for cooperatian with the United Nations against the Nazi. Rambet, however, that Egypt is not at war Prrith the Axis, and t o many I . EgypFians we are m1dk.n who, if not intruders, are at

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h a s t interr* t,uir mrmqt, me, h~ treatment and resp~ct,which means avoiding any act or attit*& whicb will add their irritation. Thc Adantic Charter says we fig@sa that "ail p p l e s shall c h the farm Qf p v e r m m uader.which they hsU Iivt" add that ''A men &mid traverse the stgs and . aceaos &&out h i n h c e . " B W , Russia, Chiaa, and + n&mr s&wiBed ta that thmer. It's what ~ ' r fighting c kI a d IdcPd't k any gi3iskiag;+wbispw, fifth dumsidf, faimbrt st "$mi& EnGermationibqteU . you differem.

:'

about who you ue, where you came fmm, hav lar'got there, who was with YOU; w k equipment you have. Get in the habit.4 letring the otker fellow do the talking. 'capturd; give your mme, if you do happcn to b n&r, arid and,m t ' sall 1 -i hw requires you t i tell, no m a m what Muff p u s e a p r p m up. ( And therdet ambue w k&p quiet, -ping a stonge among primes to p m p t h a d q is ;m dd tdtk. are ia- the ww m,take P tip No matter w M - from the E&an Eghiu~.It ha* s m in for
,
'

thoupfdrzdp 0 f p r L

* IS FOR YAWMAKa veil w m fit & r e . h u t Mmlm worum p wikd A d in casz ysu'qt k e n 4ing hQw "the j m i n e a d night d r ddhd ts dre bulbds s a n g as r vdkd h x pd t k btticc," just putitdbgck in -It Modern Ca& j$ k & n g wemanciptd." Girh ga t o high h l , a r s r k b the bps and score& Thy go & h m , and loak mu& k c A m A a n in dress. But they ate maot Ammian. They are more " h m p n " in spirit-&at means s t r i m in manners.

aa

ArnTUALlrbPI

be a walking w~amph of
does nw exist a* fat as -one but her husband is concernd. 541 do QOK treat any Egyptian m a n casuallyand when om is veikd, that meam strict Mdem. Da not mre at her, s p d c to her, o r wen jwtk her. Act as if she wasn't there. That's exactly what the Moslem wants you to do. She h n ' t exist.

y o f life that is thteatat's

why we're i n thir

farm, or western ranch, but wherever you're fm, you've been brought up under demmracy. And now y&

34

r&miilimt or p h c r coin k a."GiRSH" q a "$AGE??' 'The g & or %.piaster isamndy,a~t&E&fd' or a QGIRSH mGWEER."
WLIOHKS A110 I I E A S U R R I CHECK L l l T OF DOTS AHD POW'TI

The m a t i c system of Franee h01ds in Egypt. Hq's a rough distance table: I m h t e r = m a - W u of an inc& I meter t: rm wntirnrtecs) =3g i n c h (avw a gad). i kilometer (TW mtefo]=abt t l m z e - ~ da
mile. Liquids a m sold by tht litre (LEE*), which is a little h r p than ow qua* & d i n t is m c a s d in British Imperial which are one-= l s r p than o w own.
CALENDAR AHD T l r E

re els+acver
t

in front of a

when Moslcms are praying, and don't stare

wer religion or women--with

t o a Moslem during

'

ACTUALLY there arc four calendars in Egypt. The G r q p k (the w e we w), $le Jewish, the Coptie, and the M o s l ~ The . last one i~ the ammn w you should kaaw sanething about. ll~e M&m cdeadax iis based on the m a , not the sun. Thus eaEh menth has exactly ad days. BcEause d this, M & holidays W t fall WL the m e date i n aar~ reckoning. Ae she important Fast af Ramadan September 12 in 194% it kg& September r in 1943 (note that dare).

anything you buy, and do it g d

i~-SHAAIrq-LA. i'9If God wills") is used like our :God willing"; it is used whenever you speak o f& you are going to do or i s going w h a p p in the future. MA-'us-sa-LAA-ma is a common expression fw "goodbye."

THESE are pronunciation hints to help you in listening to the Arabic language records which have baen supplied to your troop unit. They will also help you with the pronunciation o f additional words and p b given
in the vocabulary Mow, which are not included in

the records.
Arabic is spoken wer a great area i n North A f r i i and the Near East. ' X h w are Borne differences between regions, both i n pronunciation and the use of words. The pronunciation you will hear on this set o f records is that of Cairo and the surmmding district since this pmmciation is considered the standard and is understood throughout Egypt. In ocher part. of the country you will hear slightly different pronunciations. If you should go on to other regions, where other varierics of Arabic are spoken, you will be given further information at that time. Don't worry about that now. There is nothing very di&ult h u t A r a b i i x q t

pyH
I

;>

;
7

I
.

'

-7

'Li':< JJ :, . , ,-'* . ;
.

,a>

>,
'

. T

: ~ & r r e ak s i m ~ l e r . A~cents, You know what the accented qllabt,

;.leskhapp:

~~
a

word i< of course. It is the syllable which<is s p l + louder than the othu syllabfes in the same word:We show acwnd (loud) syhbla in syihbles in small lmlm. 2. Vow&. Thcse are the kind of souads we fqirb stnt in Englistiby Q , e, i, 0, w, ai, au, qy, e t d . ' ? u s t folk the key M w aod you will have no rtoublt. ,
M A

&

'

1.
'..

;por Au

c q u a k the u w ow k P )30 bw. (lktmpk: 'Am mcpnlnd

Uwmt.")

-dor~ equals h i i n raids m

'AZ-WO

gKPning 'yes.")

h i i o

ira. m p l e :

='
axe not vow&. Pronounce tbem just as you know them ,hk k h . AU should be p r 0 ~ 8 d Never . --'''slight" them. h a m h e s p i d ~ a sounds:

aa

equals t b t a i n f p t h w . A t t i m c d i t w i l l ~ l i i ~ 5 O f p 8 t 0 r c v c n t b c c o f ~ ~ ~ exactly as you htPr it un the {lhm I ple: SA-h-'a m e ''swcn?) m AA equalr the wmt wund as abwe bur metcbd OUL ~ k r d m t i t k i t r t ~ t m p ~ d s d shwt vowcls and d# long ow& loag.

~~

&.

Chpk: - H R A ~ + ~
' $ g d day.")

mwd

.HI or KH-is like fhE

qnab, the i d hit. AI& wry o h m (&am& SlT-fa mtaniog "six:') ee W E E equals t 1 1 c e i n f e e . ( - d l i ~ t ~ t h ~ I l y i n &,) Always sug long. (Yhnplt: MEmeaning '%hundd:') . u or U equals tbc rr ip putplrC Always yu9 BbOh (Exam&: RUZ meaning "'rice") w w 00 q d s the m in m. (Wetimes 4 B e the o hg o . ) Always v u g long. { h a m ~ k t * I & . BOOR &" h &.")

i o r 1

&
I

( E x m p I c KHAM-sq mtlniog Wive.") o r GfI L B l i k E t h E ~ A m c p t ~ t ~ p t ~ " w i a " m t o it;thatis,~kvqdthewuadpmPLewhm gw m~e. ~iaataa & ~ y fm it m r ~ mods. t
ing "twcaty.")

WM-Adrl, mclniag 'I-"; ' A m , * n r 4 ~ 1 ' ) m u d j f makc ~ ~ when &ring p r tbmtta~pit,~ntydailg~~t~~~th

ispranauudlikea~twughor~aswhen iaEaglitot~utthcWiPZdS"m~~~"ytblld~cq ~~tiaalseiike~dywhcariatb.emiddle d "uhds." (&ampie: 'b, "p:)

44'

I I

*I

'

-.
~ ~ Pkw p o i n t h f m

#~-la he- r . h t

T . Q~ l L
F M ,

88

bc given you j n h c f e r l r , net milcs.

IGilomc~eJo-MiWR
N u -

Fmr-pM-'n FivdHdW
'

number and tbcn add the d c r word.

Foutieen-+h'-T&-& Fin-&ms-TAA-~hw Sixttm-~Ir-TAA-~hw

. %TIS-'a

hventw-&a-TAA-shm Ei&tctn+-nm-TAA-shw Nktccn-4-'8-TM-shm TWtilty-'L#h-Brn

For 'LtWEnty-an~''"tbkty-two." and oo forth, you add the simple form of the atrmbcrs t o Ihe war& for 'kwcnty'' md "thty"jwt 98 ~c mcdmcs MY "bm and Wcnq,'' thus:

47

~ i m - ~ a ~ = y . m S ~~
W A K L t e ' A W ~ O ~ Y O
ad;-U.4'

I C ~ M

SH&UK-& W H A Y
O N

-nkh-W
t m W - M A H & alFgipUFT

bBkk4d-k WIDM
eye8RYN
My-GlW

hand--BBD head-RAM mouth-FVM or BOW

nd-RA-'a&

pW a S E E R
r ~r
-

or0003a

6W-m-

crr#pldk*r

n-e-na-KHIER ttc&-sNAAN tw-m-BA' NGL

4 -

&-EEEX or FAmN Manket-&-TdA or b t a -

rmn-0-a

smb-sa-UA4m
0veALIaw

pimu s m ~ a o O R tablt-u-ww-s# iEiEhche*afrn-k'tk& ~~ iQ? wadlkH4AI-y~ 6 Mdeu4aLJb #.aaaEL r n m q u i t o - a * ~ - ~ ~ ? F ~ - y~ g &

Wd-UY-ur

:w,m

-..

m ? r ~ ~ & :

*t&-ZrnR
W - ' A R 4

sdPk~dr"494N

..

x.;,
Br&-ra-CHElW fldib-BAAN

mosquiw-MOOS scorpb~'iQ'-ra-k. spider-Ih pi110no.w

'A-Qoe SHA&

lik-'&L
W-k&-MAZ

Tklrrrl-
w * j farmcr-jd-tA~~
RARN Idrymarm-4WM-gcc
b a r t r e d ww ai-ZAl-yh rne~hnoie-tlr*~a-rni~cc

I,

; :

b~acksmitkAd-DRAD butcher-~+ZllAR COO k 4 d - B A A W . doctor-#-BEEB

btk-bi-ZAAM boots or sbs-Gd2-ma gl0~tz-G WAN-ice

rmnt-&?-D&IW. *baemakt-gag-MM-&

tailor-kh&YAHT

'-

' I

hwwllllle

q or &-TBi-#&?

bat-bm-ta jackm+-KET-ta
~v~c--BrtL-w

m k ~ u - m V A I f j ~ ~

*wt-jk

aedl-yib b P H U S N K WAl-3 big+;-BEER

w

yla

~ I I - a - G H& EM E ~R G~AIlong or t?-wEEL

w - 4 1

b, W A @2 Y #

64

abp16-PQK crr ' A l qdn-TM-aac a h ; ante *-MAAN Wd-WAa

in h t - * @ D A A M &a-'AL

buhrw-TdHT bcsi4mtr tmu&+i-FRd-w ' E m krc-HI*aa hmadiady or won-'A-la TOOL or H A A b or 'aWAAM

IikeZdi m'#-REEB d L W d ' - K C aot y e w s * ~~cK~#-NAK mgcth4UA' M'D w ~ F A Y N

m a d&y d thc wEdr HMda 'AYPm

tkmW h &re i s *y?--~~-111HAR-da X M h 4 f d H * d H R ?