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OHH+
7 7
H+
OH-
H+
Ka = 1.80E-05
(HA)o = 1.00E-01
HA H+ A
-
2 1.00 0.100 0.0100 Questions to address: 1. How does %dissociation vary with the Ka or the strength of the weak acid? 2. How does %dissociation vary with the concentration of the weak acid?
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
We can investigate the influence of the Ka and concentration of a weak acid on the amount of dissociation.
HA
H+
acetic acid
pH = 2.88
A-
3. How does the pH vary as the acid gets weaker (smaller Ka)? 4. How would a strong acid behave as its concentration was decreased?
Sinex 2007
Ka = 4.60E-04
100 (HNO 2)
+ (H90 ) (NO 80 2 )
weak acid ion only acid only add common 0.09344 0.09344
with common ion acid added weak only with common ion added HNO2 93.4438 93.4438
0.00656 0.00656
H+
6.55623 6.55623
6.55623 6.55623
NO2-
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
(HCl) 0
%dissociation =
6.56
The percent dissociation for 0.10 M HNO2 is 6.56%. How do you calculate the percent dissociation when a common ion is present? answer answer answer
HNO2
H+
NO2-
When you add the common ion, which way does the reaction shift? When you decrease the common ion, which way does it shift?
Sinex 2007
HCOO
What happens to the dissociation of the weak acid when we add a salt (NaCl) that is not a common ion?
S=
(NaCl) 0.00
pure waterwith NaCl added pure water with NaCl added 95.8464 9.58E+01 3.745 4.1536 4.15E+00 4.1536 4.15E+00 Based on Enke (2001) Art and Science of Chemical Analysis pKa = pKao - N*0.5091*S^0.5 N = 2 for formic acid 1.80E-04
Increase the ionic strength, S, and observe the Ka and %dissociation. What happens?
%dissociation =
4.15
HCOOH
H+
HCOO-
Sinex 2007
H+
4.745
Sinex 2007
formulas HClO2 HNO2 HCOOH C6H5COOH CH3COOH HOCl HCN 1 2 3 acetic hydrocyanic phenol
Ka Source: Wired Chemist http://wulfenite.fandm.edu/Data%20/Table_19a.html All calculations are based on solving the quadratic equation; hence, they are good for dissociations > 5%.
DHo Source: Tinoco, Sauer, and Wang ( Physical Chemistry: Princi in Biological Sciences
enthalpy of ionization, kJ/mole Ka 1.80E-05 4.90E-10 1.30E-10 using van't Hoff's equation to adjust Ka for different temperatures DHo Source: Tinoco, Sauer, and Wang (1995) Physical Chemistry: Principles and Application in Biological Sciences
Sinex 2007