Q. 18.

Assuming the flow velocity to be constant, prove that manometric head of a centrifugal pump running at speed N and having discharge Q can be expressed as

Where A, B and C are constants.

Ans. Applying Bernoulls equation between inlet and outlet edges of the impeller for points 1 and 2 respectively; Energy at inlet = energy at outlet - work input

Pressure rise From the outlet velocity vector. (1) (2)

Invoking the trigonometrical relationship, and simplifying

Assuming radial entry of fluid,

Neglecting gravitational effects, any friction losses, and assuming radial entry of water

As derived above,

And

Presuming that velocity of flow remains constant

Where a (1 + k), b = Also So Hence proved

Q. 19. Show that the pressure rise in the impeller of a centrifugal pump where friction and other losses in the pump are neglected is given by

Provided flow is radial at inlet, velocity of flow is constant through-out and outlet angle of impeller vane is 45.

Solution. Refer to Q. No. We have Given And So

[ w=pg] Hence proved.

Q.20. Set up the following relation for increase in pressure head across the impeller of a centrifugal pump;

Where u is peripheral velocity, is the relative velocity, y is datum height and P is pressure. The subscripts 1 and 2 refer to inlet and outlet parameters.

Solution. The Euller equation for theoretical head generated by centrifugal impeller

By Bernoullis equation between (suffix 1) and outer (suffix 2) edge of the impeller. H= Hence =H-

= increase in piezometric head (hence proved)

Q. 21. Explain mixed flow centrifugal pumps.

Ans. Centrifugal pump consists of two or more impellers, the pump is called a multistage centrifugal pump. There are two types of arrangements. 1. Multistage centrifugal pump for high heads or impellers in series. 2.Multistage centrifugal pump for high discharge or impellers in parallel. 3.Impellers in seriesFor developing a high head a number of impellers are mounted in series or on the same shaft as shown in figure below.

Fig. Two-stage pumps with impellers in series. The water from suction pipe enters the 1st impellers at inlet and discharged at outlet with increased pressure. The water then from 1st impeller taken to inlet of the 2nd impeller with the help of connecting pipe. So at outlet of 2nd impeller pressure of water will be more. Total head developed= n Where n = no. of impellers in series. (ii) Impellers in parallelFor obtaining high discharge the pumps can be connected in parallel. Each of the pumps lifts the water from a common pump and discharges water to a common pipe to which the delivery pipes of each pump is connected.

Fig. Pumps in parallel.

Each of the pump is working against the same head. Total discharge 1. Suction Head, 2. Delivery Head, = = =nQ

3. Total external Head= 4. Monometric. Head, = =

5. NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) = 6. Torque = = Energy Transfer.

Problem 1. A centrifugal pump is required to lift water against total head of 40 m at the rate of 50.liters per second. Find the power of the pump, if the overall efficiency is 62%.

Solution:

Given

Head, H=40 m Discharge, Q= 50

liters/second = Overall eff., We know that Overall efficiency, = 0.62 = (Take p = 1000 kg/ ) Power = 31612.9 watt = 31 .612 KW Ans. = 62% = 0.62

Problem 2. A centrifugal pump having outer diameter equal to two times the inner diameter and running at 1000 r.p.m. works against a total head of 40 m. The velocity of flow through the impeller is constant and equal to 2.5 m/s. The vanes are set back at an angel of 40 at outlet. If the outer diameter of the impeller is 50 mm and width at the outlet is 50 mm, determine.

1. Vane angle at inlet 2. Work done by impeller on water per second 3. Manometric efficiency.

Solution: Given N = 1000 r.p.m.

Head,

=40 m = 2.5m/s = 40

Velocity of flow, Vane angle at outlet, = 500 mm = 0.50 m Inner dia. of impeller, =

=0.25 m

width at outlet = 50 mm = 0.05 m

=13.09 m/s

= =26.18 m/s Discharge is given by, Q 2.5 (1)Vane angle at inlet From inlet velocity triangle, tan = 0.191 0.191 = 48 (2) Work done by impeller on water per second = = x 0.50 x 0.05 x

But from outlet velocity triangle, we have

26.18-

=2.979

= 26.18 2.979 = 23.2 m/s

Substituting this value of

in equation

We get the work done by impeller as x 23.2 X 26.18 = 119227.9 Nm/s Ans.

Problem 3. A centrifugal pump impeller has diameter of 60 cm and width of 6 cm at the outlet. The pump runs at 1450 rpm and delivers 0.8 against a head of 80 m. The leakage loss after the impeller is 4% of discharge, the external mechanical loss is 10 kW and hydraulic efficiency is 80%. Determine the blade angle at outlet, the power required and the overall efficiency of the pump.

Solution: Peripheral velocity of impeller at outlet, = 45.53 m/s Total quantity impeller of water flowing through the

(Q+q) =0.8+0.04x0.8 =0.832 Flow velocity at impeller outlet = ==7.36 m/s

Fig. Velocity vector diagrams of a centrifugal impeller ; 0.8= 221.546m =3.258

Vane angle of impeller outlet, 17.06 Ideal head = 100 m Rotor or impeller power = w (Q + q) 0.832 x 100) x = 816.2 kW

(3.258) =

= = (9810 x

Shaft power = rotor power + mechanical losses = 816.2 + 10 = 826.2kW Mechanical 98.88% efficiency 0.9888 =

Volumetric efficiency,

=0.961=96.1% Now, overall efficiency, = 0.8 x 0.961 x 0.988

= 0.76 or 76%

Problem 4. A three stage centrifugal pump has impellers 40 cm in diameter and 2 cm wide at outlet. The vane angle at out is 45 and reduce the circumferential, area by 10%. If the pump delivers 50 liters per second when running at 1000 r.p.m., determine (i) Power of the pump (ii) Manometric head. Assume manometric efficiency as 90% and overall efficiency as 80%.

Solution: 1. Number of stages n 2. Dia. of impeller at outlet, m 3. Width at outlet, 4. Vane angle at outlet, 5. Reduction in area at outlet 6. Area of flow at outlet =3 =40 cm = 0.40 = 2 cm = 0.02 m = 45 = 10% = 0.1 = 0.9 x

0.9 x x 0.02 = 0.02262 Manometric efficiency, Overall efficiency, = 90% = 0.90 = 80% = 0.80

0.4

Speed, =N 1000 r.p.m. Discharge Q = 50 liters/s = 0.05 /s = =2.21m/s

Velocity of flow at outlet =

Tangential velocity of impeller at outlet

=20.94 m/s From velocity triangle at outlet

2.21m/s 2.21 = 20.94 2.21 = 18.73 m/s 10.90 =

=35.98m For total head generated by pump = n x =3x35.98=107.94m Power outlet of the pump =

= 52.94 kW We have

So =66.175kW

Shaft power =

Problem 5. This diameter of the impeller of a centrifugal pump is 800 mm. The pump delivers water at the rate of 90 /min. The head raised by is 72 m and the speed is 900 rpm. Peripheral area of the outlet is 0.3 The vanes of the impeller are curved back at

30 to the tangential direction. The leakage loss is 2.5%.; the input head is reduced by 20% kW. Find the power input and the overall efficiency of the pump.

Solution: Given: 0.8 m

D = 800 mm = Q =90 H =72m N = 900 r.p.m. /min

Leakage loss = 2.5% Loss in input head = 20% of theoretical head Mechanical losses = 30 kW Now, Peripheral velocity, m/s = 37.69

Total quantity of water through impeller, (Q + q) 90 + 90 1.53 /s 92.25 /min =

We know

= 1.53

Whirl component of velocity, 5.1 cot 30 =28.85 m/s Theoretical head = water

= 37.69-

= 110.84 m of

Total head against shaft has to work = 72 + 110.84 x = 94.108 m of water

So, shaft power = Rotor power + mechanical losses = w (Q + q) Hi + mechanical losses = 9810 (1.53) x 94.168 + 30 x = 1443.39 kW

Mechanical

efficiency,

= 0.9792 = 97.92% Volumetric efficiency, = 98.039% Hydraulic 64.95% efficiency, = = 0.98039

0.6495

Overall efficiency, 0.9792

= 0.6495 x 0.98039 x = 0.623 = 62.3%.

Problem 6. The outer diameter of an impeller of a centrifugal pump is 400 mm and outlet width 50 mm. The pump is running at 800 r.p.m. and is working against a total head of 15 m. The vanes angle at outlet is and manometric efficiency is 75%. Determine 1. Velocity of flow at outlet

2. Velocity of water leaving this vane 3. Angle made by the absolute velocity at outlet with the direction of motion at outlet 4. Discharge

Solution:

Outer diameter, Width at outlet, Speed, N Head, Vane angle at outlet, Manometric efficiency,

= 400 mm = 0.4 m =50 mm = 0.05 m = 800 r.p.m. =15m = 40 = 75% = 0.75

Tangential velocity of impeller at outlet

=16.75 m/s

0.75

=11.71m/s From the outlet velocity triangle, we have

(1)

(2) Velocity of water leaving the vane

=12.45 m/s (3) Angle made by absolute velocity at outlet

= 0.36 0.36= 19.80 or 19 48 Ans. (4) Discharge through pump 0.4x0.05x4.23 is given by

Problem 7. Find the rise in pressure in the impeller of a centrifugal pump through which water is flowing at the rate of 0.01 the internal and external diameters of. The impellers are 15 cm and 30 cm respectively. The widths of the impellers at inlet and outlet are 1.2 cm and 0.6 cm. The pump is running at 1500 r.p.m. The water enters the impeller radially at inlet and impeller vane angle at outlet, is Neglect losses through the impeller.

Solution. Given, Discharge Q =10 dia. = 0.15 m

, Internal

inlet

External dia. = 0.012 m,

= 0.30 m, width at = 0.006m, speed = 450

Width at outlet N = 1500 r.p.m.

Vane angle at inlet, Velocity of flow at inlet,

=1.768m/s Velocity of 1.768. m/s flow at outlet, =

Tangential velocity of impeller at outlet

=23.56 m/s Pressure rise

Pressure rise = 28.13 m

Problem 8. A centrifugal pump with 1.2 m diameter runs at 200 r.p.m. and discharge 1880 litters/s the average lift being 6m. The angle which the vanes make at exit with the tangent to the impeller is 26 and radial velocity of flow is 2.5 m/s. Determine the manometric efficiency and the least speed to start pumping against a head of 6 m, the inner diameter of the impeller being 0.6 m.

Ans. (a) Peripheral impeller at outlet,

or

tangential

velocity

of

= 12.56 m/s Whirl component 25 = 7.43 m/s Manometric efficiency (b) Minimum speed, H, =12.56 - 2.5 cot

=0.63 or 63%.

Now

2 and so =6; =6.26 m/s

Also

6.26

Minimum r.p.m.

rotational

speed,

=199.36

Problem 9. The impeller of a centrifugal pump has a diameter of 10cm and breadth 3.5 cm at the inner periphery; the corresponding dimensions at the outer periphery are 20 cm and 1.7 cm respectively. The pump runs at 1500 rpm, has 7 vanes with vane angle at entry and exit equal to 16 and 30 respectively. Calculate: (i) the theoretical discharge for shockless entrance, (ii) the theoretical head developed, (iii) the actual head produced, the losses and the power required to drive the pump.

Neglect the effect of vane thickness and presume that the hydraulic efficiency is 85% and the overall efficiency is 75%.

Solution. For the vector diagrams,

nomenclature

and

velocity

The peripheral speeds are =7.85 m/s. = 15.70 m/s. (i) From the inlet velocity triangle, 7.85 tan 160 = 2.25m/s x 0.1 x 0.035 x 2.25 = 0.0247 (ii) 2.31 m/s 2.31 cot 30 = 11.69 m/s = = 15.7 =

For shockless entry, head is given by]

the

theoretical

or

Euler

= 18.71 m (iii) The slip factor can be found from the relation

1.34 Slip factor, = 1/1.34 = 0.746

The actual head produced is H =18.71 x0746 x 0.85 = 11.86 m The hydraulic losses are = (1 0.85) = 2.09 m = 18.71 x 0.746 x

Power required to drive the pump, P

= 3831.68 W = 3.832 kW.

Problem 10. A centrifugal pump has to discharge 225 liter of water per second against a head of 25 m when the impeller rotates at a speed of 1,500 r. p.m. Determined (a) the impeller diameter, and (b) the vane angle at the outlet edge of the impeller Assume that 0.75 ; the loss of head in pump in meters due to fluid resistance is 0.03 ; where m/s is the absolute velocity of water leaving the impeller, t1 area of the impeller outlet surface is (1.2. ) , where is the impeller diameter m, and water enters the impeller without whirl.

Solution:

= 33.33 m The manometric head is losses of head in the pump. Losses in the pump = (33.33 25) = 8.33 m Thus 0.03 =8.33

=16.66 m/s

Substituting the above value of in (i)

Now from the outlet velocity triangle of Fig. 24.5

Or

Or

= 0.2534 m or 253.4 mm. Thus m/s And =2.93 m/s; = 16.42 m/s = 19.90

= [2.93/ (19.90 16.42)]

= 0.8420

Problem 11. The internal and external diameter of the impeller of a centrifugal pump which is running at 1000 rpm are 200 mm and 400mm respectively. The discharge through the pump is 0.04 and velocity of flow is constant and equal to 2.0 m/s. The diameters of the suction and delivery pipes are 150 mm and 100 mm respectively and suction and delivery heads are 6m (abs.) and 30 m (abs.) of water respectively. If the outlet vane angle is 45 and the power required to derive the pump is 16.186 kW determine: (a) Vane angle of the impeller at inlet. (b) The overall efficiency of the pump and (c) Manometric efficiency of the pump.

Ans. Given:

Speed, N Internal dia., External dia., Discharge, Q Velocity of flow, Dia. of suction pipe, Dia. of delivery pipe, Suction head, Delivery head,

= 1000 r.p.m. = 200 mm = 0.2 m = 400 mm 0.4 m = 0.04

= 150 mm = 0.15 m = 100 mm 0.10 m = 6 m (abs.) 30m (abs.)

Outlet vane angle,

= 45

Power required to drive the pump, P = 16.186/ kW (a) Vane angle of the impeller at inlet From inlet velocity, we have tan Where =10.47 m/s = 0.191 or .191 = 1048 Ans. (b) Overall efficiency of the pump We know Where S.P. = Power required to derive the pump and equal to P here.

(1) = 0.02424 Now is given by equation as

 (2) Where pump = 30 m = Velocity head at outlet of pump = = Pressure head at inlet of pump = =6 m = Velocity head at inlet of pump = = Vertical height of outlet and inlet of pump from datum line. If becomes as then equation (ii) = Pressure head at outlet of

(3)

Now =5.9m/s

And m/s

= 2.26

Substituting these values in equation (iii), we get

= (30+ 132) (6 + .26) = 31.32 6.26 25.06 m. Substituting the value of in equation (i), we get

= .02424 x 25.06 = 0.6074 60.74%. Ans.

Problem 12. The internal and external diameters of the impeller of a centrifugal pump are 200 mm and 400 mm respectively. The pump is running at 1200 rpm. The vane angles of the impeller at inlet and outlet are 20 and 30 respectively. The water enters the impeller radially and velocity of flow is constant. Determine the work done by the impeller per unit weight of water.

Solution.

Internal diameter, External diameter,

= 200 mm = 0.2 m = 400 mm = 0.4 m = 1200 rpm

Speed, N

Vane angle at inlet, = 20 Vane angle at outlet, = 30 Water enters rodially means, a 90, Velocity of flow, =0

=12.56m/s

= 25.13 m/s From inlet triangle, =12.56 tan = 12.56 x tan 20 4.57 m/s = 4.57 m/s

25.13 -

= 7.915

= 25.13 - 7.915 = 17.215 m/s The work done per kg per second = 44.1 Nm/s