J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res.

, 1(10)1709-1714, 2011 2011, TextRoad Publication

ISSN 2090-424X Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research www.textroad.com

Analysis of Irrigation Water Requirement for Anticipating Global Climate Change

Subandiyah Azis
Doctoral Program of Agriculture Sciences, Brawijaya University Head of Life Environmental Department, the Government Regency of Malang, Indonesia ABSTRACT This paper studied the analysis of irrigation water requirement due to anticipate climate change. Irrigation water requirement was analyzed by using Pasten Method (FPR-LPR), which had been used in Indonesia since the Netherland Era. This method had been used without to consider too of 2 parameters: rainfall and soil physical condition. Result was used as comparison to existing irrigation water requirement which was analyzed using water balance method and Cropwat 8.0. KEY WORDS: irrigation water requirement, Pasten Method, water balance, Cropwat 8.0. INTRODUCTION International innovations and experiences due to water policy and the arrangements of local governments were shared through various international meetings. The assumption was that the experiences provided information to decision makers who were finding some ways for improving regional or country water resources system planning and analysis. The wealth of international reports showed that there were no interesting cases and good practices from kind of sources. Organizations and individuals were often very willing to share their experiences in public forum [1]. Therefore, it had to be written about analytical support for the potential interested policy makers. There was less action had been directed estimating water demand in developing economy? Analysis of water demand was an economic cornerstone of water supply planning, water management and determination of water value [2]. The developed water demand was typically due to micro level data that included the amount of water consumed by municipal water supplier over some time period. Water consumption was influenced by the structure of water storage and supply. It was mentioning that estimating of renewable water resources was river runoff, which usually provided the volume of water use. Analysis of changes in the characteristics of water resources uses with the consideration of economic trends and climatic conditions were generally used for forecasting water use. The issue of water resources uses had long been of scientific important. This was due to the increasing role of anthropogenic factors related to water consumption by population, industry, and agriculture irrigation [3]. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out at Molek Irrigation Area. It is located at Kepanjen, Malang Regency. East Java Province of Indonesia. Molek Irrigation Area is included 3 districts namely Kepanjen District, Kromengan District, and Sumberpucung District. Map of location is as in Figure 1.Some data was used in this study. The data was included: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Yearly rainfall from 1999 to 2009. Intake discharge at Blobo Spillway from 1994 to 2009. Irrigation map at the year of 2008/2009 Map of construction scheme at the year of 2008/2009 Irrigated and unirrigated area number at the year of 2008/2009 Data of climate from 2005 to 2009 Initial study of Molek Irrigation Work. Software of Cropwat 8.0

*Corresponding Author: Subandiyah Azis, Doctoral Program of Agriculture Sciences, Brawijaya University, Head of Life Environmental Department, the Government Regency of Malang, Indonesia. Email: cup.subandiyah@gmail.com

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Figure 1 Map of Location

Pasten Method Water need for irrigation was included of water need for cropping and area preparation, consumptive use, percolation and seepage, changes for efficiency of irrigation, and effective rainfall. Water need for cropping was formulated by the factor of relative second crop. The method was developed from Pasten Method which was used in Netherland. The formulation was [4] FPR = Note FPR = factor of relative second crop Q = discharge flow in river (l/s/ha) LPR = area number of relative second crop .. (1)

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Based on texture of land, the factor of relative second crop was as Table 1 [4] Table 1 Factor of relative second crop
Texture of land Alluvial Latosol In turn Less water 0,18 0,12 Yes FPR (l/s/ha.second crop) Enough water 0,18-0,36 0,12-0.23 Possible Available water 0,36 0,23 No

Formula of intake discharge IRpadi =

IRpalawija = Note: IRpadi IRpalawija A

NFR x A ............................................................................ (2) efficiency CT Reffektif

efficiency
x A ...................................................................... (3)

= water requirement for rice (l/s) = water requirement for second crop (l/s) = area number (ha) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

For irrigation design and planning, it was needed to analyze dependable discharge for any kind of seasons. In this study, analysis was carried out for dependable discharge of normal season, dry season and wet season. For normal season was dependable discharge of 80%. For dry season It was 90% and for wet season was 25%. These 3 conditions was described as in Figure 2 below. Dependable rainfall was analyzed too for 50% and 80%. The result was expressed as in Table 2. Water irrigation need for existing condition, using water balance method, Cropwat method, and Pasten Method was describes as in 3. 4. And 5 below.
8.00

discharge of 80 % for normal season

Debit Andalan 25 % Tahun Musinm Basah

7.00

Debit Andalan 80 % Tahun Musinm Normal 6.00

discharge of 90 % for dry season

5.00

Intake Discharge l/s

Debit m3/det

4.00

discharge of 25 % for wet season

Debit Andalan 90 % Tahun Musinm Kering

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Bulan Debit Andalan 80 % Tahun Musim Normal Debit Andalan 25 % Tahun Musim Basah Debit Andalan 90 % Tahun Musim Kering Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Figure 2 Dependable discharge of 80 % for normal season, 90 % for dry season, and 25 % wet season

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Table 2 Dependable rainfall for 80% and 50%

Month Jan Period 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 R 80 (mm) 72.09 29.32 98.04 71.77 122.96 71.19 123.02 87.31 26.13 82.52 63.62 46.64 24.43 32.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 R 50 (mm) 77.66 55.80 95.02 121.63 61.68 102.42 37.64 84.56 192.76 119.91 99.42 0.01 47.22 31.43 0.49 5.39 14.12 0.49 Month July Period 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 R 80 (mm) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.31 11.54 41.77 72.52 30.26 43.95 122.86 R 50 (mm) 1.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 2.94 20.56 41.37 43.02 73.98 58.50 73.59 210.53 15.88 92.94

Feb

Aug

Mar

Sep

Apr

Oct

May

Nov

June

Dec

8.00

Kebutuhan Air Irigasi Intake DI Molek Pola Tata Tanam RTTG Eksisting Padi-Palawija-Tebu Metode FPR-LPR

Debit Andalan 25 % Musim Basah

irrigation water need at intake of Molek irrigation area

Q of 25 % for wet season

Debit Andalan 80 % Musim Normal

7.00

Q of 80 % for normal season

6.00

D eb it Intake (m 3/d et)

5.00

Intake Discharge l/s

4.00

Debit 90season % Musim Kering Q of 90Andalan % for dry

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00 1 2 Okt MKII 3 1 2 Nov 3 1 Des 2 3 1 2 Jan 3 1 2 Feb MH 3 1 2 Mar 3 1 Apr 2 3 1 2 Mei 3 1 2 Jun MKI 3 1 2 Jul 3 1 Agust MKII 2 3 1 2 Sept 3

Cropping period Periode Tanam

Figure 3 Curve of irrigation water need at intake of Molek irrigation area (Existing condition for rice-second crop-sugar reed)

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10.00

9.00

Kebutuhan Air Irigasi Intake DI Molek irrigation at intake of Molek irrigation Pola Tata Tanam water RTTG need Eksisting Padi-Palawija-Tebu Metode Water Balance/ PU

area

8.00

Debit Andalan 25 % Musim Basah

7.00

Q of 25 % for wet season

Debit Intake (m 3/det)

Intake Discharge l/s

6.00

Debit Andalan 80 % Musim Normal

Q of 80 % for normal season Q of 90 % for dry season

5.00

Debit Andalan 90 % Musim Kering

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00 1 2 Okt MKII 3 1 2 Nov 3 1 Des 2 3 1 2 Jan 3 1 2 Feb MH 3 1 2 Mar 3 1 Apr 2 3 1 2 Mei 3 1 2 Jun MKI 3 1 2 Jul 3 1 Agust MKII 2 3 1 2 Sept 3

Cropping period Periode Tanam

Figure 4 Curve of irrigation water need at intake of Molek irrigation area (Water Balance Method)

10

irrigation water need Metode CROPWAT Model Pola Cropwat Tata TanamMethod RTTG Eksisting
9

irrigation water need Relatif Pasten Method Metode FPR / Faktor Palawijo Pola Tata Tanam RTTG Eksisting
8

Debit % season Musim Basah Q of Andalan 25 % for25 wet

7

Debit Intake (m3/det)

Debit Andalan 80 % Musim Normal

Q of 80 % for normal season

Intake Discharge l/s

Q of 90 % for season Debit Andalan 90dry % Musim Kering

0 1 2 Okt MKII 3 1 2 Nov 3 1 Des 2 3 1 2 Jan 3 1 2 Feb MH 3 1 2 Mar 3 1 Apr 2 3 1 2 Mei 3 1 2 Jun MKI 3 1 2 Jul 3 1 Agust MKII 2 3 1 2 Sept 3

Periode Tanam Cropping period

Figure 5 Curve of irrigation water need at intake of Molek irrigation area (Cropwat Method and Pasten Method)

Based on 3 figures as above, each method had any kind of each specification. It could be explained as follow: 1.Cropwat 8.0 had pattern almost the same as Water Balance Method, but it was different with Pasten Method. Pasten Method in average had less value than Cropwat and Water Balance one. 2.Pasten Method in average had pattern almost the same as Water Balance Method. 3.Based on irrigation water need at Molek intake, Cropwat Method was enough dominant for each season (wet season, normal season, and dry season) except for second cropping season on October.

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4.Pasten Method produced not enough water need at dry season at dry season on September-October and normal season on January. 5.Water Balance Method Metode produced the most irrigation water need at rainy season on January and at dry season on September-October Conclusions Based on the analysis using Cropwat Method, Water Balance Method, and Pasten Method, it could conclude for irrigation water need was as follow: 1.Cropwat Method had pattern almost the same as Water Balance Method, but it had the difference pattern with Pasten Method. In average, Pasten Method produced less irrigation water need than the others. 2.The available analysis of irrigation water need was to use Pasten Method by adding the parameters of rainfall and soil physical condition. REFERENCES 1. Hermans, Leon M. 2011. An Approach to Support Learning from International Experience with Water Policy. Journal of Water Resource Manage, 25: 373-393 2. Cheesman, Jeremy; Bennett, Jeff; and Son, Tran Vo Hung Son. 2008. Journal of Water Resources Research, Vol. 44, W11428, doi 10: 1029/2007/WR006265 3. Shiklomadov, I.A.; Babkiu, V.I.; and Balouishu;kov, Zh.A. 2011. Water Resources, Their Use, and Water Availability in Rusia: Current Estimates and Forecasts. Journal of Water Resources (38) no. 2, p 139-148 4. Proyantoro. Dwi and Montarcih, Lily. 2011. Water Supply System at Tibunangka Irrigation Area, Lombok Indonesia. Journal of Mathematics and Technology, Vol. 2 No 1: 8-13

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