Sentence Punctuation Patterns and Linking Words and Exercises 1 Adverb clause linking word: because + clause (S + V) We went

swimming because it was hot. Because it was hot, we went swimming. 2 Preposition linking word: because of + Noun phrase (noun or -ing) We went swimming because of the hot weather. because of it being hot. because of it was hot Because of the hot the weather, we went swimming. Because of it being hot, we went swimming. Because of it was hot 3 Transition linking word: therefore It was hot. Therefore, I went swimming. It was hot; therefore, I went swimming. 4 Conjunction linking word: so It was hot, so I went swimming. to study or not study 1 2 3 4 to pass or fail the test

Because I did not study, I failed the test. I failed the test because I didn't study. Although I studied, I failed the test. I did not study; therefore, I failed the test. I did not study. Therefore, I failed the test. 5 I did not study; however, I passed the test. I did not study. However, I passed the test. 6 I studied; nevertheless, I failed the test. I studied. Nevertheless, I failed the test. 7 Even though I did not study, I passed the test. 8 I did not study, so I failed the test. 9 Since I did not study, I failed the test. 10 If I study for the test, I will pass. 11 Unless I study for the test, I will fail. If I do not study for the test, I will fail. 12 I will pass the test providing that I study. 13 I must study; otherwise, I will fail the test. I must study. Otherwise, I will fail the test. I must study because if I don't I will fail the test. 14 Even if I study, I will fail the test. If I study or don't study, I will fail the test. It doesn't matter if I study or not, I will fail the test. 15 I did not study; consequently, I failed the exam. I did not study. Consequently, I failed the exam. 16 I did not study; nonetheless, I passed the exam. I did not study. Nonetheless, I passed the exam. 17 Inasmuch as I did not study, I failed the test.

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19 20 21 22 23

To the extent / To the degree I will probably fail the test whether or not I study. I will probably fail the test whether I study or not. I will probably fail the test whether I study or I do not study. if I do or if I do not I failed the exam, for I did not study. I have to study so that I pass the test. Only if I study will I pass the test. If I study I will pass the test. I studied hard, yet I failed the test. You'd better study, or else you will fail the test.

even if = if I do or if I don't / whether or not otherwise = or / or else / because if I don't providing (that) / provided (that) / as long as / on condition (that) = if inasmuch as = to the extent, to the degree, because as/ for / since = a time word as/ for/ since = because yet = a time word yet = but
1 2 3 4 5 6 , I didn't eat breakfast. , I am not hungry now. , I ate breakfast. I was hungry. , I didn't eat breakfast. ; therefore, I ate breakfast. . Therefore, 7 ; nevertheless, I didn't eat breakfast. . Nevertheless, 8 I was so hungry this morning that I ate a big breakfast. I was very hungry this morning, so I ate a big breakfast. 9 , but I didn't eat breakfast. 10 I wasn't hungry. 11 , I am hungry now. 12 ; nonetheless, I am not hungry now . Nonetheless, 13 , so I ate breakfast this morning. 14 , I am not hungry now. 15 unless I am very hungry. 16 I am hungry. 17 I am not hungry. 18 I am not hungry anymore. 19 I am very hungry. 20 , yet I am still hungry. 21 , I do not eat breakfast. 22 ; however, I ate breakfast this morning. . However,

Sentence punctuation patterns with different linking words

I studied/didn't study.

I passed/failed the exam.

because Adverb clause word I passed the exam because I studied. Because I studied, I passed the exam. because of Preposition I passed the exam because of my hard work studying. Because of my hard work studying, I passed the exam. therefore Transition I studied. Therefore, I passed the exam. I studied; therefore, I passed the exam. so Conjunction I studied, so I passed the exam. ; semi-colon . full stop period