KOUROU February 26th, 2004

Data relating to Flight 158

ROSETTA

C.VATEL S.LEBOUCHER Ariane Industrial Architect

AUTHORS

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Summary

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 2 2. LAUNCH VEHICLE ARIANE L518 ............................................................................. 3 3.THE PAYLOAD .............................................................................................................. 10 4.LAUNCH CAMPAIGN .................................................................................................... 23 5.LAUNCH WINDOW ........................................................................................................ 26 6.FINAL COUNTDOWN .................................................................................................... 27 7.FLIGHT SEQUENCE...................................................................................................... 30 8.EADS SPACE TRANSPORTATION ET AND ARIANE PROGRAMMES...................... 32

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1. INTRODUCTION
Flight 158 is the 1st flight ARIANE A5G+, the 18th flight of an ARIANE 5 launch vehicle and the 1st ARIANE launch of the year 2004. Flight 158 is the 14th commercial mission of an ARIANE 5 launch vehicle and as such is managed by Arianespace. The launch vehicle 518 (first A5G+) is derived from launch vehicle A5G (G for Generic the basic version of the launcher) and integrates the elements for A5ES (principally the Vehicle Bay on composite structure and a storable propellant upper stage, EPS with 250 kg additional propellant). Launch vehicle Ariane 518 is the 15th production vehicle, manufactured, integrated, and operated under the responsibility of Arianespace. In a simple launch configuration with a short payload fairing, it carried the scientific satellite ROSETTA.

Placed under a short payload fairing A5 built by OERLIKON-CONTRAVES

ROSETTA, built by an International German- FranchItalian Industriel Team under the leadership of EADS Astrium (Germany) Is placed On an adaptater 1194V5 built by EADS-CASA

Integration, inspection, operation and launch are being conducted by Arianespaces Exploitation Directorate. The launch vehicle is launched from ELA3 (dedicated Ariane 5 pad).

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2.

LAUNCH VEHICLE ARIANE L518

Launcher description The launcher is composed of an upper composite mounted on the top of the EPC (main cryogenic stage) including : The Vehicle Equipment Bay, The storable propellant stage (EPS), The Payload Fairing The lower composite inckludes: The main cryogenic stage (EPC) (H 158), Two identical solid propellant boosters (EAP) (P238), secured laterally to the EPC.

Capacity of Liquid Helium System

The Main Cryogenic Stage (EPC): More than 30 metres high, 5.4 metres in diameter, and weighing only 12.5 metric tons empty, the EPC consists essentially of: a large aluminium alloy tank, a thrust-frame transmitting the engin thrust to the stage, a front skirt linking the EAP to the upper composite and transmitting the trust of the two solid propellant boosters. The main Cryogenic Stage (EPC) is of the type A5-Generic, the provided modifications by A5G+ only concerne some electrical equipements, without any fonctional impact of the stage.

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LAUNCH VEHICLE L518 (CONTINUED)

The tank is divided into two compartments containing the 157 tons of propellants (26 tons of liquid hydrogen and 131 tons of liquid oxygen). Its Vulcain engine delivers a thrust of the order of 110 tons and is swivel-mounted about two axes for control, with the engine activation unit (GAM). This stage is ignited on ground, where its operation is first checked before authorising lift-off. The stage operates continuously for 600 s, providing the essential part of the impulse needed for injection into orbit. At burn-out, which occurs at an altitude of between 130 and 420 kilometers, depending on the mission, the stage separates from the upper composite and falls back into the ocean. Solid Propellant Boosters (EAP): Each of these stages is more than 31 m high, 3 m in diameter, has an empty mass of 40 tons and contains 238 tons of solid propellant. These boosters consist essentially of: an envelope of 7 steel cylindrical shells, a flex-mounted nozzle (pressure ratio = 11), with the nozzle activation unit (GAT), the propellant in 3 segments.

EAP NOZZLE
(material on show at Le Bourget 2001)

SEGMENT S1

The most significant evolution with regard to EAP type A5G concerns the use of the nozzle P2001, lighter about 340 kg (already used on L516). The EAPs are ignited 7 s after the Vulcain engine. The thrust they deliver varies in time, from about 540 tons at lift-off to a maximum value in flight of about 600 tons (which is about 90 % of the total trust). They burn for about 130 s and are then separated from the EPC by pyrotechnic cutting and fall back into the ocean.

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LAUNCH VEHICLE L518 (CONTINUED)

Storable Propellant Stage (EPS): The mission of the EPS is to provide additional energy needed to place automatic payloads into the aimed orbit, and to ensure their orientations and separations. The EPS used on the launch vehicle A5G+ differ from the EPS used prviously: elongation of the MMH-tank, allowing to take away 250 kg additional propellants the parts of mixture for engine (1.9 instead of 2.05)

It consists of: four tanks containing up 10 tons of conventional propellants (MMH and N2O4) a re-ignitable engine, Aestus, delivering a 2.7 ton thrust in vacuum, and which has a burning time of about 1,000 s at most. Its nozzle is swivel-mounted on two axes, for control. Vehicle Equipment Bay (VEB): It consists of: a cylindrical structure around the EPS containing a part of the electrical equipment needed for the mission (two OBCs, two inertial units, sequential electronics, power supplies, TM), the hydrazine attitude control system (SCA) used for controlling roll in the powered phases and for three-axis control in ballistic flight.

The major evolution of the Equipment Bay concerns the use of a new structure which allowed to decrease the mass about 100 kg but especially to decrease the level of shock engendered by the separation in flight of the EPC. The structure initially in miscellany of aluminium is realized in sandwich structure honeycomb / skins carbon and the system of separation uses a technology "bi-patch" instead of the device monocuts initial. Forthermore, new electrical equipments are used for this bay.

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Payload Fairing: The bullet-shaped payload fairing protects the payloads during atmospheric flight (acoustic protection at lift-off and in transonic flight, aerothermal fluxes). For this mission, a short Payload Fairing is used. It is 12.7 m high and 5.4 m in diameter. It consists of two half fairings of ten panels. These panels are made of sandwich structure with perforated, expanded aluminium honeycomb core and two skins of carbon fibre/resin. Two pyrotechnic devices one horizontal (HSS) and the other vertical (VSS) separate the two half fairings. The vertical device imparts enough impulse to the separated fairings to clear them away laterally. The mission: The main mission of Flight 158 is to injecte the ROSETTA spacecraft into a specific liberation orbit. Rosetta will join the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko after an interplanetary voyage lasting nearly ten years. This is the first time that an Ariane launcher will be used for this type of trajectory. The aimed orbit is in function of the launch time. It is necessary to be able to aim a different orbit at every potential moment of launch time. A function of the flight programme allows to modify the orbital parameters according to the launch window. This led to make a flight programme valid for a launch period for 21 days (from February 26th to March 17th, 2004). Orbital caracteristcs for a launch at the earliest possible time on February 26th, 2004: Infinite velocity (V) Declination (d) Right Ascension (a) (*)with regard to Kourou at H0 3s
PHASE BALISTIQUE

3,545.0 m/s -1.980 129,383 (*)

NORD

INJECTION EPC

VITESSE INFINIE

EQUATEUR

Zp

ORBITE HYPERBOLIQUE DE LIBERATION

SUD

INJECTION EPS

ROSETTA spacecraft weights 3,065 kg; including the adaptater, the total mass the launch vehicle is expected to launch in the orbit described above is 3,188 kg.

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LAUNCH VEHICLE L518 (CONTINUED)

Description of different flight phases: The time reference being H0 (the moment when the EPC Vulcain engine hydrogen valve is opened) the Vulcain engine is ignited at H0 + 2.7 s. Its nominal operation authorises ignition of the two solid propellant boosters (EAP) at H0 + 7.05 s, causing launch vehicle lift-off. The launch vehicle mass at lift-off is about 742 metric tons, and the initial thrust is 12,000 kN (90 % of which is provided by the EAPs). After a vertical ascent of 5 seconds to clear away from the ELA 3 (mainly from the lightning pylons), the launch vehicle begins a tilting in the plane of trajectory and, 5 seconds later, a roll manoeuvre to place the plane of the EAPs perpendicular to that of the trajectory. The EAP flight continues at zero angle of attack, throughout the atmospheric phase, up to EAP separation. The purpose of the manoeuvres is: to optimise the trajectory to maximise performance, to provide satisfactory radio link budget with ground stations, to meet in-flight structural loading and guidance constraints.

The EAP separation sequence is triggered when an acceleration threshold is detected, at the time the solid propellant booster thrust drops off. Actual separation occurs in the second following this event. This time is referenced H1. It occurs at about H0 + 139.4 s, at which point the altitude is 64.8 km, and the relative velocity 2,086 m/s. For the rest of the EPC flight, the launch vehicle follows an attitude law controlled in real time by the onboard computer with input information from the navigation unit, which optimises the trajectory to minimise combustion time, and thus propellant consumption. The nose-fairing is jettisoned during this EPC flight as soon as the aerothermal fluxes are small enough to be withstood by the upper payload.

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LAUNCH VEHICLE L518 (CONTINUED)

The EPC guided flight aims at a predetermined orbit, set by safeguard requirements. The Vulcain engine is shut down, when the orbit characteristics are: Apogee altitude 3848.6 Perigee altitude 44.9 Inclination 5.670 Perigee argument 64.643 Ascending node longitude 71.040 This is time reference H2. km km

The following phase, is specific to this flight. The launcher will perform a ballistic phase of about 1 hour and 45 minutes, necessary to achieve the performance for this mission. During this phase the launcher will be at an altitude of about 3,830 km. The "EPS" powered flight phase, that follows, lasts a little more than 17 minutes and terminates on order from the onboard computer when it estimates (calculating on the basis of information from the inertial unit) that the aimed orbit has been reached. The altitude after ignition is about 665 km and the minimal value about 225 km. This is time reference H3. The following ballistic phase has the following purposes: Aim the composite in the direction required by ROSETTA (direction linked to the position of the sun, required by the satellite and depending of the time of launch), Separate ROSETTA H4.1, Passivate the VEB pressurised tanks (SCA) and of the EPS.

The short and long-term spacing of the bodies in orbit is also managed, along with the SCA system pollution criteria with respect to the payload.

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LAUNCH VEHICLE L518 (END)

The Main Cryogenic Stage (EPC) naturally falls back into the Pacific Ocean after its separation (see below), breaking up at an altitude of between 80 and 60 km under the loads due to atmospheric re-entry. To avoid an explosion of the stage due to the heating of the residual hydrogen, the stage has to be depressurised. This is called passivation. It is accomplished by using a lateral nozzle on the hydrogen tank, actuated by a delayed relay initiated at the time of EPC separation. This lateral thrust is also used for starting the stage rotation, thereby limiting the dispersions during re-entry. The Main Cryogenic Stage (EPC) falls back at an angle of 3.955 and the longitude of the point of impact is 95.205 W. Visibility during the mission is provided by the stations of Kourou, Galliot, Natal, Ascension, Malindi, Dongara and South Point. Nevertheless, the stations will not allow a permanent visibility of the trajectory. Two holes of visibility will be between the Dongara and South Point station and beetween South Point and Galliot. During these periodes the BEM is activated and register the telemetry.

BEM

BEM

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3. THE PAYLOAD

ROSETTA

The Programme In November 1993, the international Rosetta mission was approved as one of the flagship themes of the ESAs scientific programmes for the years following 2000. Since then, scientists and engineers in Europe and the United States have combined their talents to build a satellite and a probe for this unique mission which aims to discover the secrets of a microcosm of ice: a comet. During a ten-year voyage in the Solar System, Rosetta will cross the asteroid belt and venture into deep space, more than five times further than the distance between the Sun and the Earth. Its destination will be a periodic comet, with a period of 6.6 years, known by the name of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The Rosetta satellite will join up with Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and stay close to the icy nucleus as it comes back towards the Sun. During this time, a little Lander will be detached to the surface of this mysterious cosmic iceberg. Rosetta will watch the dust and gases issuing from the nucleus to form the head and tail of the comet. Another two years will pass before this remarkable mission comes to its end in December 2015.

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A historic mission The Rosetta mission will chalk up a large number of historic firsts: - Rosetta will be the first satellite to orbit around the nucleus of a comet, it will be the first satellite to stay beside a comet as it travels towards the interior of the Solar System, Rosetta will be the first satellite to examine from close quarters how a frozen comet is transformed by the heat of the Sun, soon after its arrival near Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the Rosetta satellite will send a robot Lander (probe) for the first controlled landing on a comets nucleus, the probes instruments will capture the first images of the surface of a comet and will perform the first on the spot analysis to discover its composition, during its voyage towards Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Rosetta will be the first satellite to fly past the asteroids, Rosetta will be the first satellite to fly near to the orbit of Jupiter and use its solar cells as its main source of power.

Scientists will be impatient to compare Rosettas results to the studies made previously by the ESAs Giotto probe and Earth based observations. These have shown that comets contain complex organic molecules compounds that are rich in carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Getting to know the comets better may help us elucidate some of the mysteries of our existence. Why is it called Rosetta? This unprecedented ESA mission to explore a comet is named after the famous Rosetta stone, the basalt block that was the key to deciphering the civilisation of ancient Egypt. French soldiers found this unique stone in 1799, when they were about to demolish a wall near the village of Rashid (Rosetta) in Egypts Nile delta. The inscriptions carved in the stone were in hieroglyphics the written language of ancient Egypt and Greek, which was easily understood. By comparing the inscriptions on the stone, historians were able to start deciphering the mysterious figures carved on the stone. Most of the work was done by an English doctor, Thomas Young, and a French scholar, Jean Franois Champollion. Following their translation, scholars were at last able to retrace the history of a culture that had been lost for a long time. Just as the Rosetta stone provided the key to an ancient civilisation, so the ESAs Rosetta satellite will penetrate the mysteries of the oldest components of our Solar System the comets. A worthy successor of Champollion and Young, Rosetta will allow scientists to look back 4.6 billion years into the past to a time when no planet existed but when only an enormous swarm of asteroids encircled the Sun.

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Life and survival in deep space Rosettas odyssey in deep space will include long periods of inactivity, interspersed with relatively short periods of intense activity the encounters with Mars, the Earth and the asteroid belt. Therefore, one of the Rosetta missions greatest challenges is to ensure that the spacecraft survives the dangers of a voyage in deep space. During most of the voyage, the spacecraft will be put into 'hibernation, to limit its consumption of power and fuel and to reduce the cost of operation to the minimum. During these periods, the spacecraft turns once a minute when it is facing the Sun so that its solar panels can receive as much sunlight as possible. Almost all the electrical systems are closed down except for the radio receivers, command decoders and power supply. As instructions from Earth will take up to 50 minutes to reach the satellite, Rosetta must have 'the intelligence' to look after itself. This is done by on-board computers, whose tasks include data management, attitude and orbit control. Just in case a problem occurs during the long journey, the satellite has been equipped with back-up systems to ensure that it can remain operational during the critical phases of the mission. Temperature control was one of the main concerns of the designers of the Rosetta probe. Near the Sun, overheating must be prevented by using radiators to dissipate the surplus heat in space. In the outer Solar System, the equipment and scientific instruments must be kept warm (particularly during hibernation) to make sure they survive. This is done by using heaters placed at strategic points (on the tanks, pipes and thrusters, for example), placing covers on the radiators and insulating the satellite with multi-layer insulating covers to reduce heat losses. Rosetta will be the first space mission to travel beyond the main asteroid belt and rely solely on solar cells for generating power, rather than traditional thermal generators. The new solar cell technology used on the satellites two large solar panels will allow it to operate at more than 800 million kilometres from the Sun, where the levels of sunlight are only 4 % of those on Earth. Hundreds of thousands of specially developed non-reflecting silicon cells will produce up to 8,700 W in the inner Solar System and around 400 W for the meeting with the comet in deep space.

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The long voyage 1. The Rosetta expedition will last for 12 years and starts in February 2004 when it is launched from Kourou aboard Ariane5. 2. Start-up (March to May 2004) The satellite will deploy its solar panels and turn towards the Sun. All the systems will be checked and the scientific instruments started. Rosetta will then go into low activity mode for the journey towards Mars. 3. Flying past Earth (November 2005) Rosetta will remain active for the trip towards Earth. It will fly past at a distance of about 4,500 kilometres. Operations mainly involve determining the orbit and monitoring. The manuvres for correcting the orbit will take place before and after flying past Earth.

4. Flying past (February 2007)

Mars

Rosetta will fly past Mars at a distance of about 200 kilometres, making a few scientific observations. An eclipse of the Earth by Mars will last about 37 minutes, causing a break in communications.

5. Flying past the asteroid belt (summer 2007) The satellite will be in passive mode during the flight towards the asteroid belt. It will observe the asteroids from a distance of about 2,200 kilometres. Several asteroids have already been identified. Scientific data will be recorded on-board then transmitted to Earth after the fly past.

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6. Second fly past of Earth (November 2007) The satellite will be in passive mode again before the second terrestrial gravitational boost. This time Rosetta will pass by about 1,370 kilometres away from our planet. The operations performed will be similar to those carried out during the first fly past of Earth. 7. Third fly past of Earth (November 2009) The operations performed will be similar to those carried out during the second fly past of Earth. 8. Hibernation in deep space and the meeting with the comet (May 2011 to January 2014). After a large manoeuvre, the satellite will go into hibernation. During this period, Rosetta will reach its farthest distances from the Sun (about 800 million kilometres) and Earth (about 1 billion kilometres). The satellite will be reactivated before the manoeuvre for meeting with the comet, during which the thrusters are fired up for several hours to reduce the satellites drift rate in relation to the comet to about 25 m/s. 9. Approaching the comet (January to May 2014) During Rosettas drift towards the comets nucleus, the mission team will try to get good comet illumination conditions, in order to study the comets dynamic properties in detail: the first images from the camera will radically improve the calculations of the comets position and orbit as well as its size and form. The satellites relative speed in relation to the comet will be progressively reduced to 2 m/s after about 90 days. This phase could be reduced to four months. 10. Studying the comet (May to June 2012) At less than 200 kilometres from the nucleus, the images coming from Rosetta will show the comets attitude, angular speed and other main characteristics. Finally, the satellite will be placed in orbit around the nucleus at a distance of about 35 kilometres. At this point, their relative speed will only be a few centimetres per second. The part remaining in orbit will then start to map the nucleus in great detail. Then, 5 possible landing sites will be selected for close observation.

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11. Landing on the comet (August 2014) When the landing site has been chosen, the Lander will be released from an altitude of about 1 kilometre. It will land at a low speed (less than 1 m/s). Once anchored, the Lander will send high resolution images and other information about the nature of the ice on the comet and the organic matter in its crust. The data will be sent to the Orbiter, which will store it and then send it to Earth during the next contact with the ground stations.

12. Escorting the comet (November 2014 to December 2015) The Orbiter will continue to orbit round comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and observe the changes to the ice nucleus as it approaches the Sun. The mission will end in December 2015 when the comet is nearest to the Sun (perihelion). Rosetta will be near the Earth once again, more than 3,800 days after the start of its adventure.

In brief: Rosetta will orbit the Sun almost four times with its orbit getting progressively larger until it is aligned with that of the comet during its 10 year journey to Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. During this voyage, Rosetta will cross the asteroid belt twice and fly past Mars (in 2007) and the Earth (in 2005, 2007 and 2009), using their gravitational pull to gain the necessary acceleration. The satellite will finally arrive near the comet in January 2014. Rosettas thrusters will then slow it down, so that it can take up the orbit of Comet 67P/ChuryumovGerasimenko. During the next six months, it will approach the inert nucleus until it is only a few dozen kilometres away. Everything will then be ready for releasing the Lander and following the comet towards the Sun.

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THE PAYLOAD (CONTINUED)

History of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

The comet was discovered in 1969 when several astronomers from Kiev travelled to the Alma-Ata astrophysics institute to study comets. On the 20th of September, Klim Churyumov was studying photographs of comet 32P/Comas Sol taken by Svetlana Gerasimenko when he saw an object resembling a comet near the edge of a photograph. He assumed that this imprecise object was the periodic comet he was looking for but when he got back to Kiev he studied the prints more closely and realised that a new comet had been discovered at less than 2 degrees from comet 32P/Comas Sol. Comet 67P has a particularly unusual history. Until 1840, its perihelion was 4.0 Astronomic Units (or 4 times the distance between the Sun and Earth, around 600 million kilometres) and the comet was completely unobservable from Earth. But that year, it passed relatively close to Jupiter, which modified its orbit and reduced its perihelion to 3 A.U. (or 450 million kilometres). In the next century, the perihelion gradually diminished to 2.77 A.U. Then in 1959, the comet passed close to Jupiter again, which reduced its perihelion to 1.29 A.U. and its period of orbit around the Sun to 6.57 years. The comet was observed from Earth during its last 6 passes close to the Sun: in 1969, 1976, 1982, 1989, 1996 and 2002. It is unusually active over a short time and has a coma (a sort of diffuse haze of dust and gas surrounding a solid nucleus) and a tail when it approaches the Sun. During its 2002/2003 appearance, the comets tail measured 10 arc minutes long around a very bright central agglomerate surrounded by a not very extensive coma. Seven months after its perihelion, the comets tail was still well developed even though it then faded rapidly.

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The comets magnitude reaches the value of 12 because of the 3 eruptions it was subject to during the last 4 passes near to the Sun (1982, 1989, 1996 and 2002). Even though it is a relatively active object, even during the peak of eruptions, the rate of dust it produces is 40 times less than that of Halleys comet. Nevertheless, it is considered to be a dusty comet. In 2002, the maximum dust production rate was estimated at 60 kilograms per second, though values of the order of 220 kg/s were observed in 1982. The emission of gas / emission of dust ratio is still approximately 2. The main characteristics of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko are: - estimated diameter of the nucleus (Km) - period of rotation (hours) - period of orbit (years) 3 X 5 in the shape of a rugby ball 12 6.57

- Perihelion: minimum distance from the Sun (Km) 194 106 (1.29 A.U.) - Aphelion: maximum distance from the Sun (Km) 858 106 (5.74 A.U.) - eccentricity of the orbit - angle of the orbit () - year of discovery - discoverers 0.632 7.12 1969 Klim Churyunov (Ukraine) Svetlana Gerasimenko (Tajikistan)

On 11th and 12th of March 2003, the Hubble space telescope was used for 21 hours (61 pictures taken) to refine these characteristics, essential for the rendez-vous with the ROSETTA probe and the release of the Lander.

Three dimensional model of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

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THE PAYLOAD (CONTINUED)

The spacecraft

The probe was built within the context of international cooperation with French-Italian-German leadership. More than 50 companies in 14 European countries, Canada and the United States were in the Rosetta industrial team. The prime contractor for the satellite was Astrium, Germany. The main subcontractors were Astrium UK (satellite platform), Astrium France (satellite control) and Alenia spazio (integration and verification).

* Dimensions

2.8 x 2.1 x 2.0 metres 32 metres (span of the solar panels) at take off 3,064 kg 1,670 kg 100 kg propellants Lander 850 W 24 10N bipropellant jets

* Weight * Power * Propulsion

The planned operational lifetime is 12 years Rosetta looks like a large aluminium cube on which the scientific instruments are mounted whilst the sub-systems are installed on its base. On one side of the Orbiter there is a 2.2m diameter communication antenna and on the opposing one the Lander. Two solar panels are on the other two sides. These panels each have a surface area of 32m, are made up of 5 panels and can be moved through more or less 180 degrees to capture the maximum amount of sunlight. At the centre of the Orbiter is the propulsion system. The tanks of propellants are located in the centre of a vertical tube and the satellite is equipped with 24 thrust nozzles to control its trajectory and attitude.

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The scientific instruments: OSIRIS (Optical Spectroscopic and Infrared Remote Imaging System): High resolution cameras for mapping the surface ALICE (Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer): Records signatures in the ultraviolet spectrum for analysing and mapping the surface gases and substances.

VIRTIS (Visible and Infrared Thermal imaging Spectrometer): Records signatures in the visible and infrared spectrums for analysing and mapping the surface gases and substances.

MIRO (Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter): Uses signatures in the hyperfrequency spectrum to analyse gases; probes the surface to a depth of several centimetres.

ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis): Analyses the atoms, molecules and ions that make up the comets gases using mass spectrometry.

COSIMA (Cometary Secondary Ion Mass Analyser): Analyses rocky and organic substances making up the grains of the comets dust using mass spectrometry.

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MIDAS (Micro-Imaging Dust analysis System): Close observation of dust by Atomic Force Microscope.

CONSERT (Comet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by Radiowave Transmission): Sounds the comets internal layers by exchanging radio signals between the Orbiter and the Lander.

GIADA (Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator): Measures the speed of grains of dust by flight time techniques and their mass by piezoelectrical techniques.

RPC (Rosetta Plasma Consortium)

RSI (Radio Science Investigation)

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The Lander is provided by a European consortium under the direction of the DLR (German Aeronautic Research Institute). The other members of this consortium are the ESA and the Austrian, Finish, French, Hungarian, Irish, Italian and British institutes. The Landers structure consists of a base, a platform for the instruments and a polygonal carbon fibre sandwich structure. Some instruments and sub-systems are under a hood covered in solar cells. An antenna transmits data from the surface to Earth via the Orbiter. The Lander carries nine experiments with a total weight of around 21 kilograms. It also carries a drilling system for taking samples of matter from beneath the surface, which may be as porous and friable as a meringue. The probe is also equipped with a small radio for the CONSERT experiment located inside the Orbiter. cientific instruments on the probe: COSAC (Cometary Sampling and Composition experiment): Takes samples and studies the chemical composition of the comet. MODULUS PTOLEMY: Gas analyser MUPUS (Multi-Purpose Sensors for Surface and Subsurface Science): Multipurpose detector for analysing the surface and sub-surface ROMAP (Rosetta Lander Magnetometer and Plasma Monitor): Roland plasma monitor and magnetometer SESAME (Surface Electrical Seismic and Acoustic Monitoring Experiments): Device for acoustic and electrical monitoring of the surface, dust impact monitor APXS (Alpha X-ray Spectrometer): Spectrometer for alpha protons in the X radiation CONSERT (Comet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by Radiowave Transmission): Radio sounding of the comets nucleus CIVA: Imager system (panoramic cameras) ROLIS (Rosetta Lander Imaging System): Descent imager SD2 (Sample and acquisition system. Distribution Device): Sample

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4. LAUNCH CAMPAIG

Fit-check of ROSETTA

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EPS erection ROSETTA filling operations

ROSETTA Integration on laucher Fairing integration on launcher

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LAUNCH CAMPAIGNE (CONTINUED)

The major steps of Flight 158 launch campaing are summaraised below : Arrival of ROSETTA in Guyana EPC stage removal from storage in Launch Vehicle Integration Building (BIL) Transfert and erection of Solid Propellant Boosters (EAP) Removal of EPS from storage and errection of VEB Launch Vehicle powered Transfert of ROSETTA into the S5 B building ROSETTA filling operations Transfert of ROSETTA into S3 B building for off-loading MMH Off-loading of the MMH propellant Launch campaign put on hold to readapt ROSETTA for its new mission Restart of launch campaign ROSETTA in Kourou Restart of campaign Launch Vehicle L518 in Kourou EPS and VEB erection ROSETTA filling operations Launch Vehicle transfer to Final Assembly Building (BAF) Transfer of ROSETTA in the BAF ROSETTA integration on launcher Fairing integration on launcher Filling of EPS and SCA Launch Rehearsal Launch Readness Revue Launch Vehicle transfer from BAF to Launch Pad (ZL3) Final countdown, including EPC filling Synchronised sequence and lift-off
Sept. 12, 02 Nov. 18, 02 Nov. 20 & 21, 02 Nov. 22, 02 Nov. 25, 02 Nov. 27 & 29, 02 December 02 Mars Avril 03 Avril Oct. 03 Oct 22, 03 January 21, 04. January 29, 04. February 10, 04. February 16, 04 February 18, 04 February 19, 04 February 20, 04 February 23, 04 February 24, 04 February 25, 04 February 26, 04

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LAUNCH CAMPAIGN (THE END)

Launch Vehicle transfer from the Integration Building (BIL) to Final Assembly Building (BAF)

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5. LAUNCH WINDOW
For a launch during the night from Wednesday 25, to Thursday 26, February 2004, the launch window will have 2 ponctuels instants of launch possibility, with wide intervals of 20 minutes : H0 at Universal Time 7:16:49 a.m. or at Universal Time 7:36:49 a.m.
PARIS Time & DARMSTADT Time February 26, 2004 at 8:16:49 a.m. or 8:36:49 a.m.

KOUROU Time February 26, 2004 At 4:16:49 a.m. or 4:36:49 a.m.

UNIVERSAL TIME February 26, 2004 at 7:16:49 a.m. or 7:36:49 a.m.

Launch instants may vary in this way:

Launch date 27-02-04 28-02-04 29-02-04 1-03-04 2-03-04 3-03-04 4-03-04 5-03-04 6-03-04 7-03-04 H0 - beginning of launch window 7 h 16 mn 50 s 7 h 16 mn 55 s 7 h 17 mn 02 s 7 h 17 mn 19 s 7 h 17 mn 44 s 7 h 18 mn 10 s 7 h 18 mn 48 s 7 h 18 mn 23 s 7 h 17 mn 31 s 7 h 16 mn 44 s H0 - end of launch window 7 h 36 mn 50 s 7 h 36 mn 55 s 7 h 37 mn 03 s 7 h 37 mn 19 s 7 h 37 mn 44 s 7 h 38 mn 10 s 7 h 38 mn 48 s 7 h 38 mn 23 s 7 h 37 mn 31 s 7 h 36 mn 44 s Launch date 8-03-04 9-03-04 10-03-04 11-03-04 12-03-04 13-03-04 14-03-04 15-03-04 16-03-04 17-03-04 H0 - beginning of launch window 7 h 16 mn 01 s 7 h 15 mn 19 s 7 h 14 mn 40 s 7 h 14 mn 03 s 7 h 13 mn 28 s 7 h 12 mn 54 s 7 h 12 mn 22 s 7 h 11 mn 51 s 7 h 11 mn 58 s 7 h 12 mn 41 s H0 - end of launch window 7 h 36 mn 01 s 7 h 35 mn 19 s 7 h 34 mn 40 s 7 h 34 mn 03 s 7 h 33 mn 28 s 7 h 32 mn 54 s 7 h 32 mn 22 s 7 h 31 mn 51 s 7 h 31 mn 58 s 7 h 32 mn 41 s

The launch window is determined from a compromise between launcher and satellite constraints.

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6. FINAL COUNTDOWN
This includes all launch vehicle, satellite, and launch base preparation operations needed to allow ignition of the Vulcain engines, then the Solid Propellant Boosters, at the launch time chosen, at the earliest possible time in the satellite launch window. The countdown ends with a synchronised sequence managed by the ARIANE ground check-out computers starting at H0 - 6 min 30s. If a countdown interruption shifts H0 beyond the launch window, the launch is postponed to D+1 or D+2 depending on the nature of the problem and the time to solve it.

H0 - 7h 30

Check of electrical systems, red indicators, count down time Flushing, then configuring of EPC and Vulcain for filling and chilling down.

H0 - 6h

Final preparation of launch area : closure of doors, removal of safety barriers, configuring of fluid circuits for filling Flight Programmes loading Test of radio links between Launch Vehicle and BLA Alignment of inertial guidance platforms

H0 - 5h

Evacuation of Launch Pad Filling of EPC in four phases: pressurisation of ground stores ( hour) chilling down of ground lines ( hour) filling of stage tanks (2 hours) top-ups (until synchronised sequence)

H0 - 5h

Pressurisation of control and command systems: (GAT for the EAPs and GAM for the EPC)

H0 - 3h H0 30mn

Chilling down of Vulcain engine Preparation of Synchronised Sequence

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FINAL COUNTDOWN - SYNCHRONISED SEQUENCE

This starts at H0 - 6 min 30 s and includes all launch vehicle operations leading to lift-off. These operations are controlled fully automatically by the ELA3 Operational Command Control (CCO). During this sequence, all the means involved in the launch are synchronised by the "countdown time" distributed by the Guyana Space Centre (CSG). In the first phase (down to H0-6 s), the launch vehicle is gradually placed in lift-off configuration. In the second phase (down to H0-3.2 s), or irreversible sequence, the synchronised sequence is no longer dependent on the CSG countdown. The last phase is the launch vehicle ignition phase.
FLUID SYSTEMS H0 - 6mn 30 s Stopping of top-ups (LOX and LH2) Top-ups of LOX and LH2 to flight value Opening of launch table flood safety valves H0 - 4 min Flight-pressurisation of RO2 and RH2 tanks Isolation of tanks and beginning of umbilical flushing at ground-vehicle interface H0 - 2 min Opening of Vulcain supply valves Closure of engine chilling down ground valves ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS H0 - 6mn 30 s Arming of pyrotechnic line safety barriers

H0 - 3 min 30s Loading of H0 in two OBCs Switching of 2nd OBC to observer mode H0 - 1 min Switching of EPC control system supply from ground to vehicle H0 50 s Switching of launch vehicle electrical supply from ground to vehicle H0 37 s Start of ignition sequence automatic system Start of vehicle measurement recorders Arming of pyrotechnic line electric safety barriers H0 22 s Activation of lower stage control systems Authorisation of OBC management take-over

H0 - 30s Checking of ground-vehicle umbilical flushing Opening of flue flood valves

H0 - 18s Pressurisation of POGO suppression device H0 - 2s Checking of EPC tank flight pressures

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FINAL COUNTDOWN - SYNCHRONISED SEQUENCE (CONTINUED)

IRREVERSIBLE SEQUENCE H0 6 s Arming and ignition of AMEFs to burn off hydrogen flowing out when the chamber is cooled at ignition p of Vulcain H0 5.5 s Switching of ground information communication bus management to OBC IGNITION SEQUENCE H0 3 s Check of computer states Switching of inertial reference systems to flight mode Activation of Helium pressurisation Monitoring of LOX and LH2 pressures Activation of guidance, navigation and control functions H0 2 s H0 + 6.65s Ignition of Vulcain engine and checking of operation (H0 corresponds to the opening of the hydrogen chamber valve) H0 + 6.9 s End of Vulcain operation check H0 + 7.05 s Ignition of two EAPs

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7. FLIGHT SEQUENCE
Time /H0 (s) ---7,34 12,84 17,05 32,05 49,6 68,8 112,9 139,4 140,2 ---192,7 505 553,9 587,4 593,4 ---600,7 713,6 3741 3744 3764 4020 6688 6698 6884 7003 10 11 01 54 3 8 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 07 13 17 32 50 09 53 19 20 Time/H0 (mn) Event EAP-EPC powered flight Lift off Beginning of tilting manoeuvre Beginning of roll manuvre End of tilting manuvre Transsonic (Mach = 1) Pdyn max. Swith to gmax (43,8 m/s2) Switch to g = 5,89 m/s H1 EAP Separation EPC powered flight 13 Nose-fairing jettisoning 25 Galliot-Natal Intervisibility 14 47 53 2nd flux pic EPC burn out (H2) EPC Separation Beginning of orientation Spin up to 2/s Despin of composite Begin of orientation Spin up to 2/s Maximal altitude Beginning of despin Beginning of orientation Spin up to 10/s End of intermediary ballistique phase 105,9 150,4 153,8 168,8 173,1 178 273 3792 3793 3798 3828 1120 1104 821 652 136900 52927 40235 31309 15708 --0,08 0,3 2,3 6,7 13,4 40,2 64,8 65,5 741585 715762 695011 619843 552998 477782 286202 233254 152998 altitude (km) Weight (kg) Vrel (m/s) --0 34 66 206 323 524 1629 2086 2088 ---2314 6010 7118 8099 8118 ---8112 8004 4783 4782 4778 4756 7112 7128 7415 7592

Intermediary ballistic phase

1h 02 21 1h 02 24 1h 02 44 1h 07 00 1h 51 28 1h 51 38 1h 54 44 1h 56 43

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FLIGHT SEQUENCE (CONTINUED)

Time/H0 (s) ---7003 7306 7506 7922 8031 ---8031 8105 8114 8245 8275 8446 8824 8974

Time/H0 (mn)

Event EPS powered flight

altitude (km)

Weight (kg)

Vrel (m/s) ----

1h 56 43 2h 01 46 2h 05 06 2h 12 02 2h 13 51

EPS ignition EPS mid point EPS flight minimal altitude Beginning of EPS blow down EPS burn-out (H3-1) Final ballistique hase

652 307 225 760 1097

15702 12804 9928 6884 5892

7592 8596 9453 10170 10407 ----

2h 13 51 2h 15 05 2h 15 14 2h 17 25 2h 17 55 2h 20 46 2h 27 04 2h 29 34

Beginning of ROSETTA orientation Separation of ROSETTA Orientation manuvres Boost controlled Orientation manuvres Spin up to 45/s Beginning of EPS passivation Beginning of SCA passivation

1098 1372 1412 1987 2134 3021 5221 6140

The synchronised sequence shown above, is issued of a nominale simulation on the first instant of launch. Considering the orbit obtained by EPC on the end of flight, EPS ignition date is calculated on flight an can evolve about 100 s.

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8 EADS SPACE TRANSPORTATION ET AND ARIANE PROGRAMMES

EADS SPACE Transportation is the European space transportation and orbital infrastructures specialist. The company designs, develops ans produces Ariane launchers, the Columbus laboratory and the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) for the International Space Station, atmospheric re-entry vehicles, ballistic launchers for France's nuclear deterrent force, as well as propulsion systems for spaceapplications.

EADS SPACE Transportation is a wholly owned subsidiary of EADS, (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company). In 2002, EADS SPACE achieved a turnover of 2,2 billion with a labour force 12,300 in France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom.

The many contributions to the ARIANE 5 programme for which ARIANESPACE calls on EADS SPACE Transportation include:

its role as Industrial Architect for Ariane launch vehicles, as stage manufacturer, the assembly and delivery of the EAP, EPC and EPS (solid propellant and cryogenic stages) for the actual version of ARIANE 5, as well as development and production of ESCA, the Ariane 5 "10 tonnes" version.
A5 Launcher Integration Site in Les Mureaux

Furthermore, EADS SPACE Transportation has the multidisciplinary expertise needed to handle such a complex programme: Programme management: configuration management, RAMS (reliability, availability, maintainability, safety), documentation. Technical management: approval of launcher element design and qualification, overall consistency checks, interface management. System engineering: integrated systems (aerodynamics, acoustics, thermal, structural, flight mechanics, guidance and flight control, pogo) studies and testing (acoustic, thermal, dynamic and electrical models). Flight software: design, qualification and development of flight software, which is tailored to each mission. Customer assistance: major role in Ariane launch campaigns, and support to Arianespace throughout the launch operations. Mission analysis and flight data analysis after each launch.

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Created in June 2003, EADS SPACE Transportation assembles the activities of EADS Launch Vehicles and Astrium Space Infrastructure GmbH. Starting with the next production batch of Ariane 5 (batch PA) in 2003, for which an order of 30 launchers was signed with Arianespace at Paris Air Show at Le Bourget on June 20, 2003, EADS SPACE Transportation becomes single Prime Contractor for the Ariane 5 system. As such it is responsible for the delivery to Arianespace, who commercialises the launches of satellites from the European spaceport of Kourou in French Guyana, of the complete and fully tested launch vehicle, and manages all the contracts associated with its manufacture. The resolution adopted at the Ministerial Council of the European Space Agency, ESA (May 27, 2003) confirms the reorganisation of the launch vehicle sector. This rationalisation also results in EADS SPACE Transportation becoming the sole point of contact for the European Space Agency, ESA for future launch vehicle development phases.

FIND US ON OUR WEBSIDE: EADS SPACE EADS SPACE Transportation Arianespace www.space.eads.net
www.launchers.eads.net

www.arianespace.com