COMPUTERS AND STRUCTURES, INC.

, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SEPTEMBER 2002

COMPOSITE BEAM DESIGN BS 5950-90

Technical Note Composite Section Elastic Moment Capacity

This Technical Note describes how the program calculates the moment capacity of a composite section when an elastic stress distribution is assumed.

Positive Moment Capacity with an Elastic Stress Distribution

To calculate the positive moment capacity with an elastic stress distribution, Me, the program first calculates the location of the elastic neutral axis (ENA) and the transformed section moment of inertia. Information on how the program calculates the location of the ENA and the transformed section moment of inertia for full or partial composite connection is provided in Technical Note Transformed Section Moment of Inertia Composite Beam Design BS 5950-90. The effect of PCC and the appropriate modular ratio is considered in computing the ENA and transformed section moment of inertia. The elastic moment capacity of a composite cross-section is calculated on the following basis (BS 4.4.3):

The strain distribution in the effective cross-section is assumed to be linear (BS 4.4.3.a). The stress distribution in the concrete is assumed to be linear (BS 4.4.3.b). The modulus ratio, , of concrete (Es / Ec) is taken as follows (BS 4.1, 4.4.3.b): e s = = s + l (l - s), where 6, 10, for normal weight concrete, and for light-weight concrete. (BS 4.1) (BS 4.1, Table 1)

Positive Moment Capacity with an Elastic Stress Distribution

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Composite Beam Design BS 5950-90

Composite Section Elastic Moment Capacity

18, 25,

for normal weight concrete, and for light-weight concrete, and

(BS 4.1, Table 1)

Dead load moment + Live load moment/3 , with Total load moment

(BS 4.1) (BS 4.1)

0 l 1

The allowable compressive stress in concrete is taken as 0.5 fcu (BS 4.4.3.6). Concrete in tension is neglected (BS 4.4.1.d). This involves an iterative determination of elastic neutral axis (ENA) if the ENA lies within concrete. The allowable stress in steel for both tension and compression is taken as py (BS 4.4.3.c). The allowable stress in cover plate for both tension and compression is taken as pycp (BS 4.4.3.c). The existence of any longitudinal steel reinforcing bar is neglected (BS 4.4.3.d). The effect of partial composite connection is considered.

The positive moment capacity for a composite beam with an elastic stress distribution is determined in the program by considering five locations in the composite section. These locations are:

The top of the concrete on the left side of the beam. The top of the concrete on the right side of the beam. The top of the top flange of the beam. The bottom of the bottom flange of the beam. The bottom of the cover plate.

A moment capacity is calculated based on the allowable stress and the section modulus at each of these five locations that is applicable to the beam considered. The expressions of these five elastic moment capacities are given in the

Positive Moment Capacity with an Elastic Stress Distribution

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Composite Beam Design BS 5950-90

Composite Section Elastic Moment Capacity

following paragraphs. The smallest of the five moment capacities calculated is the positive moment capacity for the beam. Figure 1 illustrates the allowable stress assumed for each of these locations.
Compression 0.50f cu Es Ec

hr

tc

py Elastic neutral axis ENA) ( d yeff

tcp

Tension

py pycp

Composite Beam
Note: For a fully composite beam yeff = y.

Allowable Elastic Stress at Key Points

Figure 1:

Allowable Stresses for Positive Bending at Various Key Locations of the Composite Beam Section

The elastic moment capacities based on the concrete strength at the left and right sides of the beam are taken as follows: Me = Es I eff 0.50f cu E c D + Ds y eff left Es I eff 0.50f cu E c D + Ds y eff right (BS 4.4.3)

Me =

(BS 4.4.3)

In the equations, because the decks on the two sides can be different, fcu, Ec, and Ds are appropriately considered for the left or right side of the beam. If there is only one deck at one side, only one such equation is applied.

Positive Moment Capacity with an Elastic Stress Distribution

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Composite Beam Design BS 5950-90

Composite Section Elastic Moment Capacity

The elastic moment capacities based on yielding of steel at the top of the beam top flange, bottom of the beam bottom flange, and bottom of the cover plate (if present) are considered as follows: Me = I eff py D y eff I eff py y eff I eff pycp y eff + Tcp (BS 4.4.3)

Me =

(BS 4.4.3)

Me =

(BS 4.4.3)

The first of the three equations is intended to check for compression yielding. If the stress is tensile, i.e., if the calculation value of Me becomes negative, or if the top of the top flange becomes the ENA, i.e., D - yeff becomes zero, this equation is ignored by the program. The third of the equations is applied only when a cover plate is welded at the bottom of the beam. The positive moment capacity of a composite beam with an elastic stress distribution is the smallest of the five moment capacities obtained from the preceding equations that are applicable to the beam considered.

Positive Moment Capacity with an Elastic Stress Distribution

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