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EFFECTS OF NITROGEN SUPPLY ON EXTRACTION AND ACCUMULATION OF NITROGEN AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO SEED YIELD IN Phaseolus vulaaris L.

Ma. Teresa Rodriguez Gonzlez and J Alberto Escalante-Estrada. Centro de Botnica. Colegio de Postgraduados. Chapingo, Mx. 56230. Several studies have demonstrated that the nitrogen fertilization is an important factor to the yield on the bean seed grown under limited soil water (Escalante and Escalante, 1992). Nevertheless, few studies have been conducted to compare the partitioning and accumulation of nitrogen (N) in the plant. Also the N economy is important in bean grown in fertile soil, since bean seeds have a high N requirement that must be balanced against the N requirements of photosynthesizing leave. The objective of this study was determinate the effect of nitrogen fertilization upon N content and N accumulation in bean organs and their relationship with the seed yield. Materials and Methods. The experiment was conducted in the field during the rainy season in Chapingo, Mxico. Two varieties were studied: Michoacn 12A3 (M12) , a type II, indeterminate bush bean (56 days a flowering and 114 days to maturity) and Cacahuate 72 (C72), a type I, determinate bush bean plant (45 days to flowering and 94 days to maturity). Nitrogen fertilization (N+) (urea at 100 kgN/ha) was applied before sowing. The soil at natural fertility was the control (NO). The population density was 8.3 plants per square meter. Plan'cing was done on may 8th, 1992. The extraction of nitrogen (N), content of nitrogen in each organ of the plant, and seed yield was determinated. The N content was determinated by the kjeldahl method, the N extraction was calculated with N content and biomass of each organ of the plant. Results and Discussion. The Table 1 shows that N12 and C72 increase with the N fertilization the N content in stem, leaf, pericarp and seeds in the stage in that it was determinated. The higher N accumulation in leaf is important because it has been reported that it is related with the carbon exchange rates (Boon Long et aj^ 1983), dry matter and seed yield. This last was demonstrated here by the high correlation (r=.75**) between N leaf at 50 days after planting and seed yield. Beside, the Table 2 shows how in the physilogical maturity the N extraction by the crop and the N accumulation in the leaf (Table 1) were higher with N fertilization, and shown closer relationship with the seed yield (r=0.95**). Moreover, it's result indicated that in order to obtain a bean seed yield of 1.5 ton ha"^ is necessary removals up to 70 kg N ha~^.

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Table 1.

N accumulation (%) in each organ of bean plant at 50 days after planting (dap) and at physiological maturity (PM). NIT 50 dap (g/g*100) stem leaf 2.8 3.8 3.0 4.1 NS ** NS 4.5 6.1 4.0 6.5 NS ** NS Physiological maturity (g/g*100) stem leaf pericarp seed 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.3 NS
*

Genotype

C72

NO N+ NO N+ G K G*N

1.8 2.9 1.5 2.4 NS


**

0.9 1.4 0.9 1.2 NS


*

3.2 4.5 3.3 4.5 NS


*

M12

PROB F

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS= Nonsignificant at P<0.05; *P<0.05; **P<0.01 Table 2. The N extraction 1DV the crc3P (NO , N accumulition in gm ^ NS 2.4 5.6 2.6 4.6 NS
** ,rt

Genotype C72

N NO N+ NO N+ G N G*N

NC 3.6 7.7 3.6 6.7 NS NS

Sy 73.8 122.0 78.0 109.0 NS


*

M12

PROB F

NS

NS

NS= nonsignificant at P< 0.05; *P< 0.05; **P<0.01. REFERENCES Boon-Long, P., Egli, D.B. and Legget, J.E. 1983. Leaf nitrogen and photosynthesis during reproductive growth in soybeans. Crop Sei., 23:617-620. Escalante, E.L.E., and J.A. Escalante E. 1992. Yield components of ^ vulaarisL. and their response to nitrogen. Ann. Rep. of Bean Improvement Cooperative 35: 182-183.

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