Name: _________________________________ Date: _________________ Per.

___

Vocabulary Review: Distinguish between the terms in each of the following pairs

1. immigration, emigration ____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2. stabilizing selection, directional selection ______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3. gene flow, genetic drift ______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Multiple Choice: Write the correct letter on the blank line provided.

______ 1. The corresponding changes of two or more species that are closely associated with
each other, such as a plant and an animal that pollinates it, are called
a. adaptive radiation.
b. divergent evolution.
c. convergent evolution
d. coevolution

______2. Artificial selection is used to

a. speed up the process of divergent evolution.
b. slow down the process of convergent evolution.
c. produce vestigial structures in selected species of animals.
d. study the evolutionary history of organisms that contain similar proteins.

______3. Genetic drift is most likely to occur in

a. small populations.
b. large populations.
c. populations that migrate
d. populations that have a low frequency of mutation

______4. Starlings produce an average of five eggs in each clutch. If there are more than five,
the parents cannot adequately feed the young. If there are fewer than five, predators may
destroy the entire clutch. This is an example of
a. disruptive selection.
b. stabilizing selection.
c. directional selection.
d. sexual selection.

______5. For a population to be in genetic equilibrium,

 a. individuals must not enter or leave the population.
b. the population must be evolving.
c. the population must be small.
d. selection must occur.

Short Answer: Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

6. What is one potential negative consequence of nonrandom mating based on geographic

proximity?

7. How might being brightly colored increase the fitness of the males of some bird species?

8. What types of individuals in a population are represented by the two ends of a bell curve?

9. How are the terms gene pool and allele frequency related?

10. How is artificial selection used in agriculture?

11. What is the founder effect? Give an example of this type of evolution.
12. Not all characteristics which contribute to longer life become more common in the
population. Some characteristics contribute to long life, but not more offspring. For example, a
female cat which is sterile and cannot have any offspring may live longer because she will not
experience the biological stresses of repeated pregnancies. Explain why a characteristic like this
which contributes to a long life, but with few or no offspring, would not become more common as
a result of evolution by natural selection.

13. Critical Thinking: Does a gene pool include the genes of individuals that cannot reproduce?
Explain your answer.

14. Critical Thinking: If a cow develops a preference for eating white four o’clock flowers and
ignoring pink and red four o’clock flowers, what type of selection is being demonstrated? Would
the cow eventually eliminate all white four o’clock flowers from the population on which it feeds?
 Matching: Use the terms coevolution, convergent evolution, divergent evolution and adaptive
radiation.

15. __________________________ Process of change in 2 or more species that are dependent

on each other.

16. __________________________This type of evolution can result in the formation of a new

species

17. __________________________Natural selection has produced similar adaptations in

organisms in response to similar environments

18. __________________________Serval cats and Maned wolf both live in tall grassy areas,
eating rodents and lizards. These two animals both have long ears which allow them to hear
prey as well as long legs which help them chase their prey.

19.___________________________Acacias are small, Central American trees in the

Leguminosae. They have large, hollow thorns. The acacia ants live in the thorns. On the tips of
its leaflets, the plant makes a substance used by the ants as food. The ants defend the tree from
herbivores by attacking/stinging any animal that even accidentally brushes up against the plant.
The ants also prune off seedlings of any other plants that sprout under “their” tree

20. ___________________________The Galapagos Finches are an example of this type of

evolution

Interpreting Data:

The table below gives descriptions of four female mice that live in a beach area which is mostly
tan sand with scattered plants.

Color of fur Black Tan Tan & Black Cream

Age at death 2 months 8 months 4 months 2 months
# pups produced by each female 0 11 3 0
Running speed 8 m/min. 6 m/min. 7 m/min. 5 m/min.

21. According to the definition given for fitness, which mouse would biologists consider the
fittest? Explain.

Below are descriptions of four male lions.

Name George Dwayne Spot Tyrone
Age at death 13 years 16 years 12 years 10 years
# cubs fathered 19 25 20 20
# cubs surviving to adulthood 15 14 14 19
Size 10 feet 8.5 feet 9 feet 9 feet

22. Which lion would biologists consider the “fittest”? Explain.

23. A population of birds eats seeds. Small seeds can be eaten by birds with small beaks.
Larger, thicker seeds can only be eaten by birds with larger, thicker beaks. Suppose there is a
shortage of small seeds but that there are still many large seeds.

a. Draw a new curve on the graph to show how the distribution of beak sizes might change as a
result of selection in this new environment.

Use the graph above to answer the following questions:

b. Which birds in this population have the highest fitness?

c. Explain how natural selection could lead to the change you predicted.
Graphing:

24. For your study, you will be examining a specific population of spiny cacti, which is originally
in genetic equilibrium. A road is built quite close to the study site, which keeps away the
treacherous and parasitic insects, but with the road comes the tourists.

In many desert areas of the United States, passing cactus lovers like to pick up a souvenir
cactus to take home with them after a day-trip out into the desert. This is a serious problem in
some areas because the tourists always take the better looking cacti, and these happen to be
the ones with the middle-spine-numbers.

Years of collecting have left their toll on the roadside cacti. Using this background knowledge
and the data collected below; create a line graph of both the original population of cacti and the
current population.

Remember to label your x and y axis and give your graph a title.

Original Population Current Population (Yrs later)

Number of Cactus Number of Spines Number of cactus Number of Spines

4 71 10 72
12 82 22 80
25 95 5 93
13 106 12 108
8 113 14 110
4 122 9 120
2 130 4 129