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Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this presentation, as of the indicated date. TECHNICAL TRAINING DEPARTMENT 11 Sept. 2000
MWD Overview
11 Sept. 2000
Measurements are acquired and transmitted such that there is no interruption in the drilling process.
11 Sept. 2000
Mud Pulse Telemetry (MPT) is the constricting or opening of the fluid path, thus causing momentary changes to the flow of fluid The constricting or opening of the fluid flow path causes pressure changes which can be detected by a pressure transducer in the standpipe pressure manifold at surface
11 Sept. 2000
Time
Time
NEGATIVE PULSE
FM Receiver
CONTINUOUS WAVE
Pressure
Insulation
Time
ELECTROMAGNETIC
*POSITIVE PULSE
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Positive Pulse
Uses a hydraulic poppet valve to momentarily restrict a portion of the mud flow through an orifice in the tool This will generate a small increase in pressure in the form of a positive pulse which can be decoded at the standpipe INTEQ MWD tools create a positive pulse
Press ure
Time
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Signal Decoding
Combinatorial - Pulser not moving continuously to transmit data
Valve position
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HSTDecode
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Directional Service
The purpose of surveying the wellbore is to ensure that the wells Directional objectives are met.
Kick-Off Point
Build-Up Section
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West
800 800 Scale 1 : 100,00 600 400 200
Scale 1 : 100.00
0 200
- - - North : South - - - Scale 1 : 100.00
1000
1200
50 RADIUS TARGET PBHL 2365TVD 2490MD 790 AT 261.47 AZM S -122 W -800 X = 2.657,492 Y = 112.430 KOP 1600 MD
200
1400
TARGET 2305 TVD 2451 MD 706 AT 261.47 AZM S -55 W -379 X = 2.657,902 Y = 112.491
1600
BUILD 4/100 MD
1800
2000
North
37.02 DEG
2200
Mag to Grid corr -9.0 Deg AA
TGT 2305 TVD - 2451 MD: 706 SECT
l
PBHL 2365 TVD 2490 MD: 832 SECT
2400
Accurate Survey data and survey calculations enables the engineer to plot the position of the borehole. This then allows him to determine the boreholes relative position to the desired position. Any discrepancy can then be adjusted for by reorienting the drilling assembly.
11 Sept. 2000
Steerable Motors
Adjustable Kick-off Motor (AKO)
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Oriented Mode
Wellpath
Controlled curvature
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Rotary Mode
Wellpath
Behavior same as a
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11 Sept. 2000
Re-entry/Multi-lateral wells
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MWD FE Services
Neutron
Resistivity
Inclination Measurement
Density
Gamma Ray
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Shale Sand
Shale
Sand
Shale
11 Sept. 2000
High Gamma readings usually indicate Shale formations. Low Gamma readings usually indicate clean formations
MWD Applications
Correlation (open & cased hole) Marker Bed ID Casing / Coring Point Selection
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Resistivity Service
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11 Sept. 2000
NaviGator - RNT
Lower Transmitter
Bit
Sleeve Stabilizer
28318
11 Sept. 2000
Transmits electromagnetic waves into formation and measures the change in physical character of the wave on its return. The change in physical character of wave gives an indication of the Resistivity of the drilled formation.
High Resistivity Low Resistivity
11 Sept. 2000
Resistivity
0.2
1
Ohmms
10 100
2000
1000
Shale Sand
Source
AmBe source in tool emits neutrons into formation. Maximum absorption of neutron energy occurs with Hydrogen. A measurement of returning energy at Lithium6 scintillation detectors is taken and this is equated to a Porosity value of the formation Porosity is amount of space between grains.
Detectors
M30 Hatch
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Neutron - CCN
45 Porosity -15
Shale Sand
Shale
Sand
Shale
11 Sept. 2000
Caesium source emits high energy gamma radiation into formation. The amount of returning energy is measured at the detectors - NaI scintillator.
Detectors
ASO #2
ASO #3
The amount of energy absorption can be related to bulk density of formation. Low absorption - low bulk density and vice versa. Low bulk density - sand
ASO #1
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Density
1.95
- ORD
G/cc 2.95
Shale Sand
Shale
Sand
Shale
11 Sept. 2000
Shale Sand
Shale
4 3/4"
5 7/8 - 6 3/4"
blade stabilizers should be minimum 1/4" undergauge hatch covers are 1/8 recessed from the blades
16 feet (4.9m)
Max. Temperature
Acoustic Service
APX
APX FEATURES
- Porosity
32ft seismic
Monopole 1
XMAC
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Applications
DT Density
Rock Mechanics
Seismic Tie
Ov erb ur de n
= t - t
Pore Pressure Acoustic Porosity
ma
Actual
Hydr osta tic
tf - tma
Predicted
11 Sept. 2000
Modular
MAP Service features and benefits
Annular and Internal pressure sensors Improved drilling performance through real-time ECD monitoring. Optimised hole cleaning Fewer circulation losses Reduced stuck pipe / wellbore stability risks Faster/more accurate LOT / FIT procedures Flow -on and flow off measurements Flow -off pressure data are recorded in on-board memory for detailed, post-well analysis. Minimum and maximum pressures determined during flow-off are transmitted to the surface once circulation resumes.
2.1 ft (0.63m) 3.9 ft (1.2m)
Modular
7,14m / 23,43 ft
8 1/8 Stabilizer
11 Sept. 2000
Pressure, psi
Fast and Reliable Pressure Measurements Test Uncontaminated Formation Fluid Test within Minutes not Days or Week (DST) Reduce Rig Time on Expensive Deep Water Rigs No Additional Logging Time After Drilling Horizontal Application Options for Geo-Steering Pore Pressure Calibration Annular Pressure While Drilling Control Overbalance / ECD (Deep Water) Real-time automated Flow Rate Analysis Test Oil Compartments for Reservoir Connectivity
4000
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11 Sept. 2000
ATK1.5
2.5
ATK2 BCPM
XO
3.0
ATK 2
11 Sept. 2000
AutoTrak Benefits
Improved hole cleaning (sliding v rotary drilling) Improved gross ROP (fewer BHA trips) Reduced chance of differential sticking Improved horizontal TVD control Reduced tortuosity - less torque and drag Realtime control of hole direction MPR, GR PDC bits chosen for performance instead of steerability Optional Navidrill operation
11 Sept. 2000
Reservoir navigation
Optimized performance
OnTrak
Vibration & Stick-Slip Gamma
APLS S M
11 Sept. 2000
MWD Benefits
Directional control Relief well drilling Bottom hole location Casing seat selection Gas influx identification Lithological identification Offset well correlation Coring point selection
Invasion profiling Pore pressure analysis Geosteering in high angle wells Hydrocarbon identification Shallow gas control Cost effective wireline replacement
11 Sept. 2000
Advantage Concept
Surface Sensors Cementing
(Third Party)
Geological
Completions Reports
11 Sept. 2000
Advantage HARDWARE
Utilizing SARA Acquisition
ZONE 1
DEPTH ENCODER CAL BOX HAZ JUNCTION BOX
CABIN
ETHERNET
SAFE AREA
HOOKLOAD PRESSURE TRANSDUCER RD DIAL RPM - optional HAZ JUNCTION BOX HAZ JUNCTION BOX
SPP
RDD
ADVANTAGE RACKMOUNT
NT PC
SARA
ARCNET
TORQUE - optional
PRINTER
Bartec VSS Display
ETHERNET
H U B
PLOTTER
NT PC
SWWP, SWWPDASTOOL
POWERCOM POD
POWERCOM MODULE
OFFLINE DELL
11 Sept. 2000