Orthopedics Mnemonics [www.medicalgeek.

com Vitrag24] Bone fracture types [for Star Wars fans] GO C3PO: Greenstick Open Complete/ Closed/ Comminuted Partial Others Note: C3P0 is droid in the Star-Wars movies. ------------------------------Pagets disease of bone: signs and symptoms PANICS: Pain Arthralgia Nerve compression / Neural deafness Increased bone density Cardiac failure Skull / Sclerotic vertebrae ------------------------Fracture: how to describe PLASTER OF PARIS: Plane Location Articular cartilage involvement Simple or comminuted Type (eg Colles') Extent Reason Open or closed Foreign bodies disPlacement Angulation Rotation Impaction Shortening -------------------------------

Fractures: principles of management FRIAR: First aid Reduction Immobilisation Active Rehabilitation -------------------------------------Forearm fractures: bone in Monteggia vs. Galeazzi Monteggia - M for medial side therefore fracture of ulna.. Therefore, Galeazzi is fracture of radius -------------------------------------Salter Harris fracture classification Salter Harris, modified to SALTR:type 1: Slipped epiphysis type 2: Above the eiphyseal plate type 3: Lower than the eiphyseal plate type 4: Through both above and below eiphyseal plate type 5: Raised epiphysis, as in a compression injury Salter Harris classification utilises visualising long bone distal portion with diaphysis superiorly placed and epiphysis inferiorly placed. ------------------------------------Carpal tunnel syndrome: treatment WRIST: Wear splints at night Rest Inject steroid Surgical decompression Take diuretics --------------------------------------Monoarthritis differential GHOST: Gout Haemarthrosis Osteoarthritis Sepsis Trauma ------------------------------------------

Bryant's traction: position BrYant's traction: Bent Y. Patient's body is the stem of the Y laying on the bed, and legs are the ends of the Y up in the air. Osteosarcoma: risk factors PRIMARY: Paget's Radiation Infaction of bone Male Alcohol, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle [adults only] Retinoblastoma, Li-Fraumeni syndrome Young [10-20 yrs] Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone. -----------------------------------------------Sacroiliitis: causes PUB CAR: Psoriasis Ulcerative colitis Behcet's disease Crohn's disease Ankylosing spondylitis Reiter's disease ----------------------------------------Fracture: description BLT LARD: Bone Location on bone Type of fracture Lengthening Angulation Rotation Displacement ---------------------------------Nonunion of bones: differential

You need a SPLINT: Soft tissue interposition Position of reduction (too much traction, immobilization, or movement) Location (eg. lower third of tibia slow to heal) Infection Nutritional (damaged vessels or diseased bone) Tumor (pathological fracture) --------------------------------------------Joints classification, by amount of allowed movement at joint SAD: Synarthroses Amphiarthroses Diarthroses --------------------------------------Fracture: describing (short version) DOCTOR: Displaced vs. non-displaced Open vs. closed Complete vs. incomplete Transverse fracture vs. linear fracture Open Reduction vs. closed reduction ------------------------------------------------Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV, clubfoot): major physical findings CAVE: Cavus Adduction Varus Equinus

Chronic osteomyelitis chronic osteomyelitis is secondary to (BAG) B: Brodie's abscess A: acurte osteomyelitis G: Garre's osteomyelitis Complications of chronic osteomyelitis

PASS P-Pathological # A-Amyloidosis S-Squamous cell carcinoma S-Septicaemia Treatment of it includes (SAC) S: seqestrectomy and saucerisation A: agressive aproach ie excision of infected part and amputation C: curettage and continuous suction and irrigation. -------------------------------------------------Indications of amputation 3D's 1D: Dying bone or Diseased bone:= peripheral vascular disease, infection, trauma. 2D: Dangerous:= lethal sepsis, malignant. 3d: Disorder or Damn nuisance:= gas gangrene, crush synrome, severe malformation. --------------------------------------------------BONE TUMOURS OF DIAPHYSIS A LEMON A-ADMANTINOMA L-LYMPHOMA E- EWING SARCOMA M-MULTIPLE MYELOMA O-OSTEOID OSTEOMA N-NEUROBLASTOMA --------------------------------Bone Ache Tomato Paste Mixture Is Nasty Tomato .TUMOR (mostly secondary) Paste..PAGETS DISEASE Mixture..METABOLIC CAUSES Ischronic INFECTIONS Nasty..osteo-NECROSIS ---------------------------------

Conditions producing true locking of the knee-joint MLTR m-medial meniscus tear l-loose bodies t-tibial spine # r-recurrent dislocation of patella ----------------------------------------------Signs in limb distal to # site 5 P's P-Pallor P-Pulselessnes P-Pain P-Paraesthesias P-Paralysis --------------------------------Wedge Fracture MINT Metabolic-Osteoporosis Infective-Tuberculosis Neoplastic-Myeloma Trauma --------------------------------Round cell tumors of bone ROME R: reticulum cell sarcoma O: osteosarcoma M: Metastatic neuroblastoma E: Ewing's sarcoma

----------------------------Ossification centers of the elbow CRITOE C - Capitellum R - Radial head I - Internal (medial epicondyle) T - Trochlea O - Olecranon E - External (lateral epicondyle) These appear at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 years of age in order and go away two years later. Another:"Come Rub My Tree Of Love" where the "M" is medial epicondyle and the "L" is the lateral epicondyle. ------------------------------------------------INDICATIONS OF OPEN REDUCTION ARE NO CAST Non union Open fracture Compromise neurovascular Aarticular fracture Salter harris III IV V Trauma ----------------------------------------NAIL PATELLA SYNDROME ''JOSH PERSON'' has NPS J- Joints overextension O- Osteo onycho dysplasia (alternate term) S- Spurs on posterior iliac bone H- Hyperhydrosis P- Patella absent or hypoplastic -->knee instability E- Elbow abnormality -->subluxation of radial head laterally R- Renal anamoly--> nephritis S- Skin laxity O- Ocular affections N- Nail dysplasia--> from little finger to thumb progressively more damaged (triangular or pyramidal lunules)

Maffucci syndrome BOSE b= brain gliomas ( increased risk) o= ovarian carcinomas ( increased risk) s=soft tissue hemangiomas e= enchondromatosis -----------------------Lytic bone lesions FOG MACHINES F : Fiborus dysplasia O : Osteoblastoma G: GCT M : Multiple myeloma / mets A : Aneurysmal bone cyst C: Chondroblastoma H : Hyperparathyroidism/hemangioma I : Infections N : NOF E : Eosinophilic granuloma / enchondroma S : Simple bone cyst ---------------------------------------------------Growing ends towards the knee(distal end femur ,upper end tibia),we flee. away from elbow(upper end humerus,distal end radius &ulna),we go. reverse is true for the direction of nutrient artery: towards elbow,away frm knee ---------------------------Diaphyseal lesion FEMALE Fibrous dysplasia E osinophilic Granuloma M etastasis A damantinoma L eukemia,Lymphoma E wing's Sarcoma ---------------------------------