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Code: 9D12104 M.Tech - Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2012 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (Geotechnical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 60 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) (b) 2 (a) (b) What are the various steps considered in the planning of sub-surface exploration programme? Discuss in detail. What is a bore log? Give a typical example. Explain: (i) Wash boring. (ii) Split spoon sampler. Write a brief note on the precautions to be taken in transporting undistributed samples. The following sizes of sampling tubes are available in the market: O.D., mm 75 110 50 I.D., mm 72 107 35 Length, mm 600 600 600 Out of these which ones would you select for obtaining undisturbed soil samples from a borehole? Discuss the various types of foundations and their selection with respect to different situations. Proportion a trapezoidal combined footing for the following data: the allowable soil pressure is 180 kN/m2 for D.L + reduced L.L and 270 kN/m2 for D.L + L.L. Column loads Column-A Column-B D.L 500 kN 660kN L.L 400 kN 840 kN Distance c/c of columns is 5 m. Projection beyond column A not to exceed 0.5 m. What are the assumptions made in Terzaghis analysis of bearing capacity of a continuous footing? A 3 m 2 m rectangular footing is located at a depth of 5 m in a stiff clay of saturated unit weight of 20 kN/m3. The undrained shear strength of clay at 5 m depth is given as 100 kN/m2. Compute net value of ultimate bearing capacity, with a factor of safety equal to 3. Also determine the maximum load that could be taken by the footing. Contd. in Page 2

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Code: 9D12104 5 (a) (b) What is the settlement of a footing? How to estimate elastic settlement of a footing? A clay 25 m thick has a saturated unit weight of 19.2 kN/m3. Ground water level occurs at a depth of 5 m. It is proposed to construct a reinforced concrete foundation, 12.5 m 50 m, on top of the layer, to transmit a uniform pressure of 150 kN/m2. Determine the settlement at its centre, assuming that the void ratio drops from 0.725 to 0.700 due to loading. E for the clay is 30 MN/m2. How does the settlement of a footing influence its design and how can a designer take into consideration the settlement of a footing? Discuss the estimation of settlement of footing embedded in sand by Schmertmanns method. What is raft foundation? When it is preferred? Explain the conventional rigid approach to the design of raft foundation. A raft, 8 m 24 m, is founded at a depth of 4 m in sand with a value of N = 20 up to great depth. What is the total load that the raft can support? Assume = 20 kN/m3. Discuss the Winkler and the elastic half-space model for soil medium. Derive the differential equation governing the flexure of a beam resting on Winkler foundation.

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