Project Three phase induction motor

Introduction:
Induction motors are the ac motors which are employed as the prime movers in most of the industries. Such motors are widely used in industrial applications from small workshops tolarge industries. These motors are employed in applications such as centrifugal pumps,conveyers, compressors crushers, and drilling machines etc.

Constructional Details:
an induction motor consists of a stationary member called stator and arotating member called rotor. The AC induction motor comprises two electromagnetic parts: Stationary part called the stator Rotating part called the rotor The stator and the rotor are each made up ofan electric circuit, usually made of insulated copper, to carrycurrent

 A magnetic circuit, usually made from laminated silicon steel, to carry magnetic
flux

Introduction to Design
The main purpose of designing an induction motor is to obtain the complete physical dimensions of all the parts of the machine as mentioned below to satisfy the customer specifications. The following design details are required. 1. The main dimensions of the stator. 2 Details of stator windings. 3. Design details of rotor and its windings 4. Performance characteristics. In order to get the above design details the designer needs the customer specifications Rated out put power, rated voltage, number of phases, speed, frequency, connection of statorwinding, type of rotor winding, working conditions, shaft extension details etc. In addition to the above the designer must have the details regarding design equations based onwhich the design procedure is initiated, information regarding the various choice of variousparameters, information regarding the availability of different materials and the limiting valuesof various performance parameters such as iron and copper losses, no load current, powerfactor, temperature rise and efficiency. But in our design it suffices to calculate the core loss and copper loss only.

Typical winding pattern for a 3 phase, 4 pole motor (phases here are labelled U, V, W). Note the interleaving of the pole windings and the resulting quadruple field.

Features: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 0.4 HP 1400 rpm 50Hz 4 pole 440V(rated)

WORKING PRINCIPLE:
In a 4 pole machine, 1 full cycle of supply causes 2/P = 2/4 = revolution. Therefore full revolution 2 supply cycle or 720o electrical rotation is needed. Total no. of slots = 24, hence each slot is 720/24 = 30o (electrical angle) apart from one another.

The schematic of winding is like-

a 1-6 7-12 13-18 19-24 a b b 5-10 11-16 17-22 23-4 c c 9-14 15-20 21-2 3-8

1. Wire : The wires separated from the stator are weighed and are replaced by new wires of the same weight. Additionally, new gauge and turns are inserted in between the slots. Thinner wire is easier to insert. For this project, weight of the wire = 1 pound and 8 ounce. gauge of the wire = 32 turn per slot = 175 2. Insulating Paper : to insulate slots 3. Ampere Tube: 4. Flexible Wire 5. Cotton Tape 6. Burnish

7. String

No-Load Test of Motor:

Voltage, VL = 380 V (Line Voltage) Current, IL =0.75A (Line current) Power=42W (per phase)

Block rotor test:

Voltage=210V (Line Voltage) Current=1.4A (Line current) Power=210W (per phase)

Discussion:
1. When making coil we faced many problems. Most important problem was we could not find forma by which we could make coil of motor. As a result we had to wind coil by another means. For this reason our coil was not good enough. 2. As our coil was not wound perfectly we faced problem when placing coils on slots. We worked hard to place coils. 3.From our motor experiment we have seen that its efficiency is 80%. Which is good but not so good. It would be better if its efficiency is 90%. Then copper loss would be reduced. 4. As the steps of working are related to each other we had to proceed our working carefully. As the efficiency was 80% so there might be some errors of winding coils. 5. After placing all coils on slots, we had to join coil to coil connection. As the wire was insulated we had to uncover the insulation. We faced little problem when uncovering insulation. Because our wire was very thin. So we carefully did this. 6. For safety of any electric shock we used ampires tube over joining point of wire. Ampires tube gives insulation over wire. 7. last of all after doing all these things we had to tight coils by winding cotton. After that we give burnish over coils. As our coils are flexible, when motor starts

to run as result of magnetic field coils will displaced. So we give burnish. Burnish helps to strengthen coils.