Section A Question No.

1 (a) (i) Explanation Pure metal : Substance X Alloy (ii) : Substance Y Mark 1 1 Mark

- Pure metal has atoms of the same size / same type which is orderly arranged . -Alloy has foreign atoms

1 1 1

(iii)

Substance Y. The foreign atoms disrupt the orderly arrangement of the metal atoms and reduce the layers of metal atoms from sliding over each other.

(b) (i)

Polymers are large molecules made up of identical repeating units called monomers which are joined together by covalent bonds.

H
(ii)

H C Cl
1

Name of monomer: chloroethene To make drain pipes/ artificial leather/water-proof clothes/shoes /bags //as insulator for electric wiring

(iii)

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Question No. 2(a) (i) (ii) (b)

Explanation Melting Molecule The heat energy absorbed by the particles is used to overcome the forces of attraction between the naphthalene molecules / particles. The particles move faster X : electron Electron // X W and X Has different number of neutrons but same number of protons // has different nucleon number but same proton number Y : nucleus

Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1+1

Mark

(c) (d) (i) (ii) (e) (i) (ii)

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Question No. 3 (a) (i) Solution I // I (ii)

Explanation

Mark 1

Mark

Number of mole = 25 x 0.01 = 0.00025 1000 = 0.00025 // 2.5 x 10-4 mol Number of H+ = 0.00025 x 6.0 x 1023 = 1.5 x 1020

1 1 1

(iii) (b) (i)

Universal indicator // pH paper // pH meter. Number of mole of NaOH = 25 x 0.1 1000 = 0.0025 mol

(ii)

HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O From the equation, 1 mol of NaOH react with 1 mol of HCl 0.0025 mol of NaOH react with 0.0025 mol of HCl// No. of mole of HCl = 0.0025 mol Volume of HCl = 0.0025 x 1000 0.1 = 25 cm
3

(iii)

Correct diagram of apparatus set-up. Correct label.

Hydrochloric acid / HCl// Solution I

Sodium hydroxide / NaOH solution

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Question No. 4 (a) (b) (c) (i) (ii)

Explanation Electrical to chemical energy Na+, Cl-, H+, OHOxygen Insert/Place/Put/Bring the glowing wooden splinter into the test tube. The glowing wooden splinter will rekindles // Gas will light up the glowing wooden splinter. (If others test of gas given, not accepted) Chlorine gas - The concentration of chloride ions/Cl- is higher - Chloride ions / Cl- is selectively discharged 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e Platinum

Mark 1 1 1 1 1

Mark

(d) (i) (ii) (iii) (e)

1 1 1 1 1 10

Question No. 5(a) (i)

Boiling points / oC

Explanation

Mark

Mark

Number of carbon atoms per molecule

1. Y axis with boiling point as label and OC as unit , X axis with number of carbon atom per molecule as label. 2. Suitable and consistent scale 3. Smooth line with 6 points transferred correctly (ii) The size of alkane molecules increases. The forces of attraction between alkane molecules becomes stronger. More energy is needed to overcome the stronger forces of attraction between molecules. Liquid Correct structural formulae Correct names of the two isomers H H C H H C H H C H H C H H

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(iii) (b)

Butane / n-Butane

H H H H C H C H C H H C H 1 Mark 10 Mark H

2-methylpropane Question No. 6 (a) Explanation Chlorine water / Acidified Potassium Manganate (VII) solution / Acidified Potassium dichromate (VI) solution. Cooking oil has no free moving ions / is a covalent compound / contain molecular only green to brown Oxidation reaction is a reaction where iron (II) ions release one electron to become iron (III) ions. // Oxidation is loss of electrons. Sodium hydroxide solution / potassium hexacyanoferat (II) solution / potassium thiocyanide solution. Zinc sulphate Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu

1 1 1

(b) (c) (i) (ii)

(iii)

1 1 1 1

(d) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

+2 to 0 No. of mole of CuSO4 = 25 0.2 = 0.005 1000

1 10 1

mass of ZnSO4=0.005 x 161=0.8 g//0.805

Section B Question Explanation No. 7 (a) (i) - To allow the oxygen / air to enter the crucible - for the complete combustion of magnesium (ii) Diagram 7.1 Diagram 7.2 It involves heating It involves Similarity heating The reaction is The reaction is between a gas between a gas and a solid and a solid Metal oxide is Metal is formed formed Metal is reacted Metal oxide is Difference with oxygen gas reacted with hydrogen gas The mass of the The mass of the solid increases solid decreases Mark 1 1 2 Mark

2 1 1 1 5

(b)(i)

1 1 1 Dilute hydrochloric acid // or any dilute acid Zinc // or any reactive metal 1 1 Max.4

2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2 Precaution Dry hydrogen gas is passed through the combustion tube for a few minutes / throughout the Explanation A mixture of hydrogen and air can cause an explosion when lighted. 1

(ii)

(iii) (iv)

experiment to remove all the air in the tube. During cooling, the flow of hydrogen is continued. The heating, cooling and weighing processes are repeated until a constant mass is obtained. The combustion tube must be slanted slightly towards the tiny hole.

2 1 To ensure the oxygen from the air does not oxidise the hot copper to copper(II) oxide. To ensure that all of the copper(II) oxide has been reduced into copper. To prevent the water formed during the reaction from flowing towards the hot porcelain dish. 1 1

2 Max.6 2

Total marks

20

Question

Explanation

Mark

Mark 8

No 8 (a) (i) (ii)

Lead(II) chloride // Silver chloride // Mercury chloride Chemicals needed: Lead(II) nitrate and sodium chloride // any suitable answer Name of reaction: precipitation reaction // double decomposition reaction

2 1 1 1 1 1 4 3

(b)

Black powder X: Copper(II) oxide Blue solution Y: Copper(II) chloride Cation: Copper(II) ion // Cu2+ Anion: Chloride ion // Cl-

(c)(i)

Number of moles of lead(II) ions, Pb2+ = number of moles of lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 5 1000 = 0.005 mol = 1.0 x Number of moles of chromate(VI) ions, CrO42= number of moles of potassium chromate(VI), K2CrO4 5 1000 = 0.005 mol = 1.0 x 1 1 1 4 1 1

(ii)

1 mol of chromate(VI) ions, CrO42- reacted completely with 1 mol of lead(II) ions, Pb2+. The ionic equation for the reaction is: Pb2+ + CrO42PbCrO4

(iii)

- The height of precipitate formed increases

for the first 4 test tubes because as the volume of potassium chromate(VI) increases, more lead(II) chromate(VI) is formed - The height of precipitate formed becomes constant when all Pb2+ have reacted completely. - colourless to yellow - Presence of chromate(VI) ions give the yellow colour to the solution // Chromate(VI) ions in the first 5 test tubes are all reacted // In the last 3 test tubes, chromate(VI) ions are in excess -To ensure the height of precipitate represents the amount of precipitate formed - because diameter of the test tubes are the same Total marks

1 1 1 1 6 1 1 20

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Section C Question No 9 (a) Explanation Compound formed between X and Y (i) Types of chemical bonds Ionic bond is formed because X atom donates electrons and Y atom receives electrons to achieve stable electron arrangement // X is metal and Y is non-metal High because a lot of energy needed to overcome the strong electrostatic forces between ions Molecule formed between Z and Y Covalent bond is formed because Z and Y atoms share the electrons to achieve stable electron arrangement // Y and Z are nonmetal Low because less energy is needed to overcome the weak forces of attraction between molecules Mark Mark

(ii) Boiling point and melting point

(b)

1 1

Correct electron arrangement of 2 ions Correct charges and nuclei are shown 2+ XX XX
X X X X

2X X
X X

X X X
X X

X X X
X X

X X

X X

X
X XX

X XX

X2+

Y21

X atom with an electron arrangement of 2.8.2 donates 2 valence electrons to achieve the

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(c)

stable octet electron arrangement, 2.8. X2+ ion is formed // X X2+ + 2eY atom with an electron arrangement of 2.6 accept 2 electrons to achieve the stable octet electron arrangement, 2.8. Y2- ion is formed // Y + 2eY2The oppositely-charged ions, X2+ and Y2- are attracted to each other by a strong electrostatic force. An ionic compound XY is formed

1 1 1 1 6

1. A crucible is filled with solid P until it is half full. 2. Two carbon electrodes are dipped in the solid P and connected to the batteries. 3. Switch is turned on and observation is recorded. 4. The solid P is then heated until it melts completely. 5. The switch is turned on again and observation is recorded. 6. Steps 1 to 5 are repeated using solid Q to replace solid P. 7. Observations: P does not light up the bulb in both solid and molten states. Q lights up the bulb in molten state only. P: naphthalene // any suitable answer Q: lead(II) bromide // any suitable answer

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10

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Question No. 10 (a)

Explanation CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O RMM of methane, CH4 = 12 + 4 = 16 16 g of methane releases 898 kJ heat Thus 1 g of methane releases = 898 x 1 /16 kJ g-1 = 56.125 kJ g (Correct answer and unit) Diagram 10.1 Increase A and B / reactants have higher energy content than its products / (C and D) Released Diagram 10.2 Decrease R and S / products have higher energy content than its reactants / (P and Q) Absorbed
-1

Mark 1 1

Mark

1 1 4

(b)

Temperatur e Total Energy content

2 2

Heat

(c)

Plotted graph

13

1. correct axis and labelled 2. all 4 points/values transferred correctly 3. straight line graph 4. Consistent scale
Heat of combustion of alcohols (kJ mol-1)

1 1 1 1

Number of carbon atoms

Heat of combustion increases from methanol ethanol propanol butan-1-ol// methanol, ethanol, propanol, butan-1-ol Heat of combustion increases because : 1. Number of carbon atom per molecule / mole increases from methanol to butanol. 2. Number of hydrogen atoms per molecule / mole increases from methanol to butanol. 3. More carbon dioxide / CO2 and water / H2O molecule are formed. 4. More covalent bonds are formed in the products. 5. More heat is given out. 1

1 1 1 1 6

Total marks END OF MARKING SCHEME

20

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