Form 5: Chapter 13 (Linear Law)

SPM Practice
Fully-Worked Solutions
Paper 1
1 y = px 2 + qx
y
= px + q
x

y = mx 2

3 (a)

For the point (2, 6), x = 2 and

6 = p(2) + q 1

y
= 6.
x

For the point (10, 2), x =10 and

2 = p(10) + q 2

log10 y = log10 mx 2
log10 y = log10 m + log10 x 2
log10 y = log10 m + 2 log10 x
log10 y = 2 log10 x + log10 m

y
= 2.
x

Gradient

(b)

2 1 : 4 = 8p p = 1
2

1
For 1 : 6 = (2) + q q = 7
2

(i) Y-intercept = 1
log10 m = 1
m =101
1
m=
10
(ii)

y = 7x 2 x 3
y
=7x
x2
The straight line passes through the point (2, h).
y
Thus, x = 2 and 2 = h.
x
y
=7x
x2
h=72
h=5

Gradient = 2
k (1)
=2
20
k+1=4
k=3

y = 3x 3 + 4
y
4
= 3 + 3
x3
x
y
1
3
3 = 4
x
x3
(Y = 4X + c)

The straight line passes through the point (k, 3).

y
Thus, x = k and 2 = 3.
x
y
=7x
x2
3=7k
k=4

By comparison, Y =

45

Y-intercept

Divide throughout by x 3.
Rearrange

1
y
and X = 3 .
x
x3

1
x(20 x)
2
1
y 2 = 10x x 2
2
2
1
y
= 10 x
2
x
y2 =

Point (6, k) x,
k = 10

6 (a)

y2
:
x

0 = 10

y2
x

q
2x

log10 y = log10 q log10 2x

log10 y = log10 q x log10 2
log10 y = x log10 2 + log10 q
(b) Y-intercept = log10 q
3 = log10 q
q = 103
1
q=
1000

=7

q
2x

log10 y = log10

1
(6)
2

Point (h, 0) x,

y=

1
h
2

1
h = 10
2
h = 20

46

Paper 2
1 (a)

2 (a)
x

1.32

1.76

2.83

5.51

13.00

x2

16

25

log10 y

0.121

0.246

0.452

0.741

1.114

x
y

10

12

5.18 11.64 26.20 58.95 132.63 298.42

log10 y

0.71

1.07

1.42

1.77

2.12

2.47

y = pk x
log10 y = log10 p + x log10 k
log10 y = (log10 k) x + log10 p

The graph of log10 y against x 2 is as shown

below.
Graph of log10 y against x2

log10 y

The graph of log10 y against x is a straightline graph, as shown below:

1.1

Graph of log10 y against x

log10 y

1.0

2.4
0.9
2.2
0.8
2.0
0.7
1.8
0.7
0.6
1.6
0.5
1.4

0.62

0.4

1.2
0.3
1.0
0.2
0.8
15

0.1

0.6

0.08
O

10

15

20

x2

25

0.4
0.36

(b)

y = ab

x2

0.2

Non-linear

log10 y = log10 a + x 2 log10 b

log10 y = (log10 b) x 2 + log10 a
(i) Y-intercept = 0.08
log10 a = 0.08
a = antilog 0.08
a = 1.2

Linear

(b)

x
2

(i) log10 p = Y-intercept

log10 p = 0.36
p = 2.29
(ii) log10 k = gradient
2.12 1.42
log10 k =
10 6
0.7
log10 k =
4
log10 k = 0.175
k = 1.5

0.74 0.12
16 1
0.62
log10 b =
15
= 0.04133
b = antilog 0.04133
= 1.1

(ii) Gradient =

47

10

12

3 (a)

p
qx
p
xy = qx 2 +
q

(ii)
x

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

7.0

7.7

8.4

9.9

10.1

11.0

xy

17.5

23.1

29.4

39.6

45.5

55.0

6.3

9.0

12.3

16.0

20.3

25.0

q = Gradient
55 5
q=
25 0
q=2

The graph of xy against x 2 is as shown below.

4 (a)

Graph of xy against x 2

xy

p
= Y-intercept
q
p
=5
q
p
=5
2
p = 10

y = qx +

20

80

318

x+1

10

12

log10 y

0.70

1.30

1.90

2.50

3.10

3.70

55

50

11

1270 5050

45

40

The graph of log10 y against (x + 1) is as

shown below.

Incorrect

log10 y

Correct
35

Graph of log10 y against (x + 1)

4.0

30

3.5

50

3.0
25
2.5
3
20
2.0
15

1.5
1.0

10

10

0.5
5

0.1
O

25

(b)

10

15

20

25

(x + 1)
2

10

12

x2

(b)

(i) From the graph, the value of y which is

incorrectly recorded is 9.9.
The actual value of y is given by:
xyactual = 37
4(yactual) = 37
yactual = 9.25

y = hq x +1
log10 y = log10 h + (x + 1) log10 q
log10 y = (x + 1) log10 q + log10 h
Gradient Y-intercept

Y-intercept = 0.1
log10 h = 0.1
h = 1.26
3.7 0.7
12 2
log10 q = 0.3
q=2

Gradient =

48

5 (a)

6 (a)

7.0

11.3

16.0

21.2

27.0

33.2

y
x

3.50

3.77

4.00

4.24

4.50

4.74

y
Graph of x against x

y
x

1.0

4.5

0.9
0.85
0.8

4.5 3.5
= 1.0

3.5
3.4

1.5

3.0

4.5

6.0

7.5

8.0

2.66

3.54

4.72

6.28

8.35

9.19

log10 y

0.42

0.55

0.67

0.80

0.92

0.96

log10 y

5.0

4.0

62=4

Graph of log10 y against x

0.96 0.55
= 0.41

0.7

3.0
0.6
2.5

83=5

0.5
2.0
0.4
1.5
0.3

1.0

0.2

0.5
1 1.6 2

0.1

x
3

k
(b) y = 5hx 2 + x
h
k
y
= 5hx +
h
x

7
O

Divided throughout
by x.

(b)

(i) 5h = Gradient
4.5 3.5
5h =
62
5h = 0.25
h = 0.05
(ii)

6 6.7 7

(i) When y = 7.1, log10 y = 0.85.

From the graph, x = 6.7
(ii)

k
= Y-intercept
h

y = bd 2x
log10 y = log10 (bd 2x )
log10 y = log10 b + log10 d 2x
log10 y = log10 b + 2x log10 d
log10 y = (2 log10 d) x + log10 b
log10 b = Y-intercept
log10 b = 0.3
b = 2.0

k
=3
0.05
k = 0.15

(iii) 2 log10 d = Gradient

0.96 0.55
=
83
0.41
=
5

(iii) When x = 1.6, from the graph,

y
= 3.4
x
y
= 3.4
1.6
y = 5.44

= 0.082
log10 d = 0.041
d = 1.1

49