SYLLABUS IN Persons and Family Relations

Rule 129, Sec. 2 and Sec. 3, Revised Rules of Court In re: Sycip, Salazar, Feliciano, Hernandez & Castillo, et al., G.R. No. X92-1, July 30, 1979

c. Unjust Enrichment H.L. Carlos Construction vs. Marina Properties Corp., G.R. No. 147614, January 29, 2004 University of the Phil. vs. Philab Industries, Inc., G.R. No. 152411, September 29, 2004 d. Rights to Personal Dignity and Privacy Concepcion vs. Court of Appeals, et al.., G.R. No. 120706, January 31, 2000 e. Liability of Public Officers Obra, et al. vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 120852, October 28, 1999 f. Independent Civil Actions

I. Preliminary Title 1. Chapter 1: Effect and Application of Laws [Arts. 1-18, NCC] a. Publication and Effectivity of Laws [E.O. 200, June 18, 1987] Taada vs. Tuvera, G.R. No. L63915, December 29, 1986 Tanada vs. Tuvera, G.R. No. 63915, April 24, 1985 b. Mandatory Effect of Laws [Arts. 526, 2154 and 2155, NCC] c. Prospective Application of Laws; Exceptions Art. 4, New Civil Code Arts. 2252-2269, New Civil Code Art. 22, Revised Penal Code Columbia Pictures, Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 110318, August 28, 1996 d. Repeal of Laws Art. XVIII, Sec. 3, 1987 Constitution Frivaldo vs. COMELEC, et al., G.R. No. 120295, June 28, 1996 e. Ignorance of the Law Elegado vs. Court of Tax Appeals, G.R. No. L-68385, May 12, 1989 f. Judicial Decisions D.M. Consunji vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 137873, April 20, 2001 g. Applicability of Customs Art. XII, Sec. 5, 1987 Constitution

h. Computation of Time/Legal Periods Rule 22, Revised Rules of Court Estanislao, et al. vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 143687, July 31, 2001 i. Nationality Rule Art. 15, New Civil Code Art. 26, par. 2, Family Code Bellis vs. Bellis, G.R. No. L-23678, June 6, 1967 j. Conflicts Rules Aznar vs. Christensen-Garcia, G.R. No. L-16749, January 31, 1963 2. Chapter 2: Human Relations [Arts. 19-36, NCC] Sergio Amonoy vs. Spouses Jose Gutierrez, et al., G.R. 140420, February 15, 2001 University of the East vs. Jader, G.R. No. 132344, February 7, 2000 a. Duty to Act With Justice, Observe Honesty and Good Faith Nikko Hotel Manila Garden, et al. vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 154259, February 28, 2005 Capitle, et al. vs. vda. de Gaban, et al., G.R. No. 146890, June 8, 2004 b. Actions for Breach of Promise to Marry Art. 1403 (2) (c), RA 386 US vs. Limcangco, G.R. No. L-3766, October 18, 1907 Bunag, Jr. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 101749, July 10, 1992

Rule 111, Sec. 3, Revised Rules of Court Samson vs. Daway, et al., G.R. Nos. 160054-55, July 21, 2004 Hambon vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 122150, March 17, 2003 g. Prejudicial Questions Sections 5 and 6, Rule 111, Revised Rules of Court People of the Phil. vs. Delizo, G.R. No. 141624, August 17, 2004 Pahang vs. Vestil, et al., G.R. No. 148595, July 12, 2004 II. A. The concept of a 'person' and 'personality' ARTS. 37-39, Civil Code Classes of persons and their distinctions Elements of civil capacity Juridical capacity v. personality Juridical capacity v. capacity to act B. Commencement and termination of personality

1. Natural Persons a. Birth Arts. 40-41, Civil Code 1987 Constitution, Art. II, Sec. 12 P.D. 603 [Child and Youth Welfare Code], Art. 5 Art. 164, Family Code Arts. 256-259, Revised Penal Code (RPC) Cases: *Quimiguing v. Icao, 34 SCRA 132 Continental Steel v. Montano, GR 182836, 13 October 2006 b. Death Art. 42, Civil Code *Butte v. Manuel Uy & Sons, Inc. 4 SCRA 526 Art. 43, Civil Code

2. Restriction on capacity to act Arts. 38-39, cf. Art. 1327 Civil Code (a) Minority 1. Age of majority, RA 6809 2. A.M. No. 03-02-05 SC Rules on Guardianship 3. Suffrage, Sec. 1, Art. V, 1987 Constitution [cf. Sangguniang Kabataan] 4. Marriage, Family Code Art. 5; 45(1); cf. RA 6809 5. Contracts g. Alienage, cf. Art. IV, Secs. 1-5, 1987 Constitution Arts 1327; 1390 (1); 1403(3); 1397; 1399; 1489; 1426-1427, Civil Code Case: Mercado v. Espiritu, 37 Phil. 215 6. Criminal Liability Arts 12(2)-(3), RPC i. Insolvency and Trusteeship, Arts. 1381, 1491, 2236, Civil Code j. Gender, Art. II, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution; cf. Art. 403, Civil Code See also: Rule 3, Section 4, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure D. Domicile and residence of persons Case: Cordora v. COMELEC, February 19, 2009 h. Absence, Arts. 381-396, Civil Code; Art. 411, FC d. Prodigality, Rule 92, Section 2, Rules of Court e. Civil Interdiction, Arts. 31, 34 & 41, RPC f. Family Relations c. Deaf-Mutism, Arts. 1327(2), 807 & 820, Civil Code

FC 150-151; cf FC 87 Arts. 1490; 2035 cf. 963-967, Civil Code

Rule 131 Sec 3(jj)-(kk), 1989 Revised Rules on Evidence *Joaquin v. Navarro 2. Juridical Persons

Art. 13(2), RPC; Secs. 189-204, PD 603 Case: Atizado v. People, GR No. 173822, 13 October 2010 Also see: Rule 3, Section 5, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure b. Insanity 1. Marriage, FC 45(2)

1. Juridical persons, Art. 51, Civil Code 2. Natural Persons, Art. 50, Civil Code; Arts. 68-69 FC; cf. Art. 110, Civil Code; cf. FC 55, 101, 149, 152, 101 Case: Romualdez-Marcos v. COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300 III. INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY CODE A. Effect and Retroactivity E.O. 29, as amended by E.O. 227, RA 8609, RA 7160 FC 255

Arts. 44-47, Civil Code BP Blg. 68 (Corporation Code), Secs. 2, 4, 17 Arts. 1767-1768, Civil Code *Municipality of San Fernando v. Judge Firme, GR No. 52179, April 1991 C. Restrictions on Civil Capacity 1. Presumption of Capacity Catalan v. Basa, GR No. 159567, July 31, 2007

2. Contracts, Arts. 1327(1), 1328, Civil Code 3. Criminal Liability, Art. 12(1), RPC; Rule 101, Rules of Court Case: Hernandez v. Santos, GR No. 169217, 7 August 2009

Case: Fuentes v. Roca, GR No. 178902, 21 April 2010 B. Repeal/Amendment FC 254, 255

Case: Harayo vs. Coliflores, A.M. No. MTJ-92-710, June 19, 2003 Case: Silverio v. Republic, 22 October 2007

Art. 66, New Civil Code Art. 71, New Civil Code Art. 75, New Civil Code Art. 124, New Civil Code

4. Formal Requirements IV. MARRIAGE & PERSONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SPOUSES Marriage 1. Concept Art. II, Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution Art. XV, Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution Art. 1, Family Code Art. 149, Family Code Art. 52, New Civil Code Art. 220, New Civil Code Rule 131, Sec. 3, 1989 Rules on Evidence Case: Estrada v. Escritor, A.M. No. P02-1651, 4 August 2003 Case: Mecaral v. Velasquez, A.C. No. 8392, 29 June 2010 2. Stipulations Relating to Marriage Acebedo vs. Arquero, A.M. No. P94-1054, March 11, 2003 Estrada vs. Escritor, A.M. No. P-021651, August 4, 2003 3. Essential Requirements Arts. 53-54, New Civil Code Art. 2, Family Code Art. 4, Family Code Art. 5, Family Code Art. 57, P.D. 603 Nial vs. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000 6. Marriages Celebrated Outside the Philippines Arts. 15 & 17, New Civil Code Escleo vs. Dorado, A.M. No. P-991312 July 31, 2002 Nial vs. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000 Republic of the Phil. vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 103047, September 2, 1994 Case: Republic v. Dayot, GR No. 175581, 28 March 2008 5. Other Requirements Arts. 54-71, New Civil Code Arts. 92-96, New Civil Code Arts. 6-25, Family Code Sec. 3, R.A. 6809 Sec. 7, Act No. 3753, November 26, 1930 Sec. 20, Act No. 3753, November 26, 1930 P.D. No. 965, July 20, 1976 Beso vs. Daguman, A.M. No. MTJ99-1211, January 28, 2000 Arts. 55-70, New Civil Code Arts. 3-4, Family Code Sec. 455, (b) (1) (xviii), R.A. 7160 (Local Government Code)

R.A. No. 8171, October 23, 1995 E.O. No. 227, July 17, 1987 Art. 10, Family Code Art. 21, Family Code Art. 26, Family Code Sec. 6, E.O. No. 292, July 25, 1987 Amended Rules and Regulations Implementing R.A. No. 8171, August 5, 1999 DOJ Opinion No. 11, s 1990 Roehr vs. Rodriguez, et al., G.R. No. 142820, June 20, 2003 Garcia vs. Recio, G.R. No. 138322, October 2, 2001 Case: Dacasin v. Dacasin, GR No. 168785, 5 February 2010 7. Void Marriages Arts. 80-83, New Civil Code Arts. 390-391, New Civil Code Arts. 886 & 888, New Civil Code Art. 908, New Civil Code Arts. 963-967, New Civil Code Art. 1061, New Civil Code Art. 2035, New Civil Code Art. 4, par. 1, Family Code Arts. 35-42, Family Code Arts. 44 & 50, Family Code

 Art. 53, Family Code Arts. 68-73, Family Code Art. 101, Family Code Art. 102 (4), Family Code

Arts. 1335-1344, New Civil Code Arts. 147-148, Family Code Art. 344, last paragraph, Revised Penal Code Art. 349, Revised Penal Code

1. Concept Pacete, et al. vs. Carriaga, et al., G.R. No. L-53880, March 17, 1994 Tenchavez vs. Escao, et al., G.R. No. L-19671, November 29, 1965 2. Grounds

Arts. 147-148, Family Code Arts. 351-352, Revised Penal Code Art. 176, Family Code R.A. No. 6955 Art. 237, Family Code Sec. 44 (e), RA 296 Art. 255, Family Code Arts. 85-91, New Civil Code Art. 246, Revised Penal Code Art. 132 (4), New Civil Code Arts. 344 & 349, Revised Penal Code Art. 2266 (2), New Civil Code Sec. 2, E.O. 227, July 17, 1987 Art. 4, par. 2, Family Code A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003 R.A. No. 6809 R.A. No. 8533 Cases: Buenaventura vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. Nos. 127358 & 127449, March 31, 2005 Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 126010, December 8, 1999 Marcos v. Marcos, G.R. No. 136490, October 19, 2000 Choa vs. Choa, G.R. No. 143376, November 26, 2002 Chi Ming Tsoi vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 119190, January 16, 1997 Case: Alcazar v. Alcazar, GR 174451, 13 October 2009 8. Voidable Marriages Arts. 15 & 17, New Civil Code Arts. 886 & 888 New Civil Code Nial vs. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000 Legal Separation Arts. 45-54, Family Code Art. 198, Family Code Art. 237, Family Code Supreme Court Admin.Circular No. 35-04, August 12, 2004 Rule on Declaration of Absolute Nullity of Void Marriages and Annulment of Voidable Marriages, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003 Republic of the Phil. vs. Dagdag, G.R. No. 109975, February 9, 2001

Art. 97, New Civil Code Art. 55, Family Code Art. 101, Family Code Art. 247, Revised Penal Code Arts. 333 & 334, Revised Penal Code Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 126010, December 8, 1999 3. Procedure Rule on Legal Separation, A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC, March 4, 2003 Tuason vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 116607, April 10, 1996 4. Defenses Arroyo vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 96602, November 19, 1991 5. Liquidation Art. 63 (2), Family Code Baez vs. Baez, G.R. Nos. 132592 & 133628, January 23, 2002 9. Common-Law Marriages Art. 147, Family Code Rule 131, Sec. 3, Revised Rules of Court Joaquino vs. Reyes, et al., G.R. No. 154645, July 13, 2004 Rights and Obligations of Spouses Art. II, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution Art. XIII, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution 6. Effects of Decree of Legal Separation Baez vs. Baez, G.R. Nos. 132592 & 133628, January 23, 2002

 Art. 11(2), Revised Penal Code Art. 247, Revised Penal Code Art. 15, New Civil Code Arts. 109-117, New Civil Code Art. 753, New Civil Code Art. 2035 (4), New Civil Code Arts. 68-73, Family Code Art. 101, Family Code Art. 128, Family Code 6. Separation of Property Art. 198, Family Code Arts. 143-146, Family Code R.A. No. 7192 R.A. No. 8187 Ilusorio vs. Bildner, et al., G.R. Nos. 139789 & 139808, May 12, 2000 Chi Ming Tsoi vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 119190, January 16, 1997 Property Relations Between Husband and Wife 1. General Arts. 149-151, Family Code Arts. 74-81, Family Code Art. 1109, New Civil Code 2. Marriage Settlements Art. 2035, New Civil Code Arts. 75-81, Family Code Art. 20, Revised Penal Code Art. 22 (7), Family Code Art. 247, Revised Penal Code Toda, Jr. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 78583-84, March 26, 1990 3. Donations by Reason of Marriage Art. 44, Family Code Arts. 81-87, Family Code Locquiao Valencia, et al. vs. Locquiao, et al., G.R. No. 122134, October 3, 2003 Modequillo vs. Breva, et al., G.R. No. 86355, May 31, 1990 Paternity and Filiation 1. General Art. 332, Revised Penal Code Rule 16, Sec. 1 (j), 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure Yao vs. Perello, et al., G.R. No. 153828, October 24, 2003 7. Property Relations of Unions Without Marriage Arts. 147-148, Family Code 4. Absolute Community of Property Arts. 88-104, Family Code Valdes vs. RTC, Branch 102, Quezon City, et al., G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996 5. Conjugal Partnership of Gains Arts. 105-133, Family Code Homeowners Savings & Loan Bank vs. Dailo, G.R. No. 153802, March 11, 2005

Art. 143 (a), PD 1083, February 4, 1977 Rule 108 Sec. 2 (m), Revised Rules of Court 2. Legitimate Children Arts. 163-171, Family Code Art. 59, PD 1083, February 4, 1977 Art. 62, PD 1083, February 4, 1977 Rule 131, Sec. 3 (dd), Revised Rules of Court Rule 131, Sec. 4, Revised Rules of Court Babiera vs. Catotal, G.R. No. 138493, June 15, 2000 3. Proof of Filiation Arts. 265-268, New Civil Code Art. 2260, New Civil Code Art. 2266 (3), New Civil Code Francisco vs. Master Iron Works & Const. Corp., et al., G.R. No. 151967, February 16, 2005 Family Relations Arts. 172-174, Family Code Art. 58, PD 1083, February 4, 1977 Art. 63, PD 1083, February 4, 1977 Rosendo Herrera vs. Rosendo Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005 4. Illegitimate Children Arts. 276-289, New Civil Code Art. 834, New Civil Code Art. 887(4) & (5), New Civil Code Art. 2260, New Civil Code Art. 2264, New Civil Code Arts. 175-176, Family Code Sec. 5, 4th par., Act No. 3753, November 26, 1930

 R.A. No. 9255, February 24, 2004 Implementing Rules and Regulations of R.A. No. 9255 CSC Admin. Order No. 01-04 - Rules and Regulations Governing the Implementation of R.A. No. 9255 Rosendo Herrera vs. Rosendo Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005 In the matter of the Adoption of Stephanie Nathy Astorga Garcia, G.R. No. 148311, March 31, 2005

Amended IRR on Inter-Country Adoption, January 8, 2004 Republic of the Phil. vs. Alarcon Vergara, G.R. No. 95551, March 20, 1997 Support Rule 61, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure Gan vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 145527, May 28, 2002 Parental Authority 1. General Art. 176, Family Code

Lindain vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 95305, August 20, 1992 4. Suspension or Termination Art. 34, Revised Penal Code Art. 278 (4), Revised Penal Code Sec. 3, RA 6809, December 13, 1989 Sec. 10 (c), RA 7610, June 17, 1992 Sec. 5 (g), RA 8369, November 28, 1997 Sec. 2 (c) (i), RA 8552, February 25, 1998 Sec. 2 (c) (iii), RA 8552, February 25, 1998 Sec. 3(b), (c) & (d), RA 8552, February 25, 1998 Sec. 16, RA 8552, February 25, 1998

5. Legitimated Children Arts. 209-215, Family Code Arts. 269-275, New Civil Code Arts. 177-182, Family Code Sec. 8, Act No. 3753, November 26, 1930 Abadilla vs. Tabiliran, Jr., Adm. Matter No. MTJ-92-716, October 25, 1995 Adoption 1. Domestic Adoption R.A. No. 8552 (Domestic Adoption Act of 1998), February 25, 1998 Rules and Regulations to Implement R.A. No. 8552, December 8, 1998 SC Cir. No. 12-86, October 2, 1986 A.M. No. 02-6-02-SC, July 31, 2002 Lahom vs. Sibulo, G.R. No. 143989, July 14, 2003 2. Intercountry Adoption Art. 58, PD 603, December 10, 1974 R.A. No. 8043 (Inter-Country Adoption Act of 1995), June 7, 1995 Rules and Regulations on Intercountry Adoption, December 26, 1995 Arts. 74 and 75, PD 1083, February 4, 1977 Rule 93, Sec. 7, Rules of Court, January 1, 1964 Briones vs. Miguel, et al., G.R. No. 156343, October 18, 2004 2. Substitute and Special Arts. 17-26, PD 603, December 10, 1974 Art. 13 (3), PD 1083, February 4, 1977 Arts. 71-73, PD 1083, February 4, 1977 Art. 76, PD 1083, February 4, 1977

Art. 135 (3), Family Code Art. 141 (5), Family Code Art. 189 (2), Family Code Arts. 228-233, Family Code Art. 236, Family Code Art. 156, PD 603, December 10, 1974

Arts. 216-219, Family Code Art. 77, PD 1083, February 4, 1977 St. Marys Academy v. William Carpitanos et al., G.R. 143363, February 6, 2002 3. Effect Art. 135 (3), Family Code Arts. 220-227, Family Code Art. 177, PD 1083, February 4, 1977 Sec. 3(d), (f) & (i), Rules and Regulations to Implement the Domestic Adoption Act of 1998, December 8, 1998 Sec. 4 (1) and (1.2), Rules and Regulations to Implement the Domestic Adoption Act of 1998, December 8, 1998 Sagala-Eslao vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 116773, January 16, 1997 Surname

 Art. 176, Family Code Art. 189 (1), Family Code

Armas vs. Calisterio, G.R. No. 136467, April 6, 2000 Emancipation and Age of Majority

OCRG Admin. Order No. 1-01, IRR of R.A. No. 9048, July 24, 2001 NCIP Adm. Order No. 01-98, June 9, 1998 Act No. 3753 (Law on Registry of Civil Status), November 26, 1930 NSO Admin. Order No. 1-93, IRR of Act No. 3753, December 18, 1992 OCRG Administrative Order No. 188, October 17, 1988 E.O. No. 157, February 15, 1994 OCRG Administrative Order No. 293, January 6, 1993 Tan Co, et al. vs. Civil Register of Manila, G.R. No. 138496, February 23, 2004

Art. 193, last par., Family Code RA 6809 R.A. No. 9048, March 22, 2001 Arts. 397-406, New Civil Code R.A. No. 9255, February 24, 2004 Arts. 234-237, Family Code CSC Admin. Order No. 01-04, May 14, 2004 Art. 39 (3), PD 603, December 10, 1974 Art. 42, last par., PD 603, December 10, 1974 R.A. No. 6809 Rule 99, Sec. 5, Revised Rules of Court In the matter of the Adoption of Stephanie Nathy Astorga Garcia, G.R. No. 148311, March 31, 2005 Absence Art. 83 (2), New Civil Code Arts. 381-392, New Civil Code Arts. 41-44, Family Code Art. 2165, New Civil Code Art. 11 (2), PD 1083, February 4, 1977 Art. 98, PD 1083, February 4, 1977 Art. 143 (c), PD 1083, February 4, 1977 Rule 72, Sec. 1 (m), Rules of Court, January 1, 1964 Rule 73, Sec. 4, Rules of Court, January 1, 1964 Rule 107, Secs. 1-8, Rules of Court, January 1, 1964 Rule 131, Sec. 5 (x), Rules of Court, January 1, 1964 Rule 131, Sec. 3 (w), Revised Rules of Court Art. 2219 (9), New Civil Code Art. 2244 (1), New Civil Code Sec. 13 (b), RA 1161, June 18, 1954 Sec. 13-B, RA 8282, May 1, 1997 Sec. 23, RA 8291, May 30, 1997 People of the Phil. vs. Werba, G.R. No. 144599, June 9, 2004 Civil Register Arts. 407-413, New Civil Code R.A. No. 9048, March 22, 2001 P.D. No. 651, January 31, 1975 Art. 228 (3), Family Code Art. 77 (1), PD 1083, February 4, 1977 Rule 97, Sec. 3, Rules of Court, January 1, 1964 Re: Application for Admission to the Phil. Bar vs. Vicente D. Ching, B.M. No. 914, October 1, 1999 Funerals Arts. 305-310, New Civil Code Sec. 50 (a), Act No. 1956, May 20, 1909 Art. 85, Revised Penal Code Art. 153, last par., Revised Penal Code