Korea in International Relations

MA course, 4 credits (ECTS) Fall semester 2012 Thursdays: 11.00-12.30pm (CEU/ELTE/ Vienna/ Paris Diderot/ AUCA (4:005:30pm local time) Class room: FT 309, CEU Dr. YOUNGMI KIM Department of International Relations and European Studies Office: Nador ut. 15, Rm. 502 Ext. 2091 Email: kimy@ceu.hu Course outline The aim of this course is to introduce students to the politics of the two Koreas, focusing on both the domestic politics of the Republic of Korea and the DPRK, and foreign policy issues. A historical overview of events in the Korean Peninsula (with a focus on state formation) is followed by sessions on regime types, democratization, and political culture. The remaining part of the course covers the role of the two Koreas in the international politics of East Asia since the end of the Cold War. Here the interplay between external and regional powers is analyzed, alongside the foreign policies of the main actors in the region. Special attention is also given to trends in Asian regionalism (politics, security, economy).
Note: Korea in International Relations is a course supported by the Korea Foundation Global E-school in Eurasia Project, launched at CEU in 2012. Classes are connected online and in real time, from CEU and via Cisco WebEx, to other universities members of the KF Global E-School consortium. These include ELTE (Hungary), Paris-Diderot (France), the University of Vienna (Austria), the Middle East Technical University/METU in Ankara (Turkey), the American University of Central Asia/AUCA in Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan), and the Tajik State University of Commerce in Dushanbe (Tajikistan).

Learning outcomes At the end of the course students should be able to: be familiar with the political systems of Korea and the main neighbouring countries; explain the linkages between local, regional, and global developments and their impact on East Asian politics; analyze the foreign policies of the Republic of Korea and the DPRK; have an understanding of the factors facilitating and hindering regional cooperation.

Assessment: 20% Class participation 20% Collective lecture notes (using Google doc or blog posting) by groups (3-5 students as one group) 30% 1,000-word book review on Korean studies and IR 30%: 1,500-word position paper Collective lecture notes: It should be uploaded on the e-learning website (or sent to TA) every week before the next lecture starts. Book review due: Friday 26th October (books from course syllabus) Position Paper: Thursday 13th December

Recommended course textbooks Huang, X. (2009) Politics in Pacific Asia. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Joseph, W (2010) Politics in China. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Acharya, A. and Goh, E. eds. (2008) Reassessing Security Cooperation in the AsiaPacific: Competition, Congruence, and Transformation. Cambridge: MIT Press. Beeson, M. (2007) Regionalism & Globalization in East Asia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Katzenstein, P.J. (2005) A World of Regions: Asia and Europe in the American Imperium. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Background reading Mellisen, J and Lee, S.J. eds. (2011). Public Diplomacy and Soft Power in East Asia. New York: Palgrave and Macmillan. Aggarwal, V. and Lee, S. (2011) Trade Policy in the Asia-Pacific: The Role of Ideas, Interests, and Domestic Institutions. London: Springer. Callahan, W. (2010) China: The Pessoptimist Nation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bercovitch, J. Huang, K. and Teng, C. eds. (2008). Conflict Management, Security and Intervention in East Asia: Third-party Mediation and Intervention Between China and Taiwan. Oxon: Routledge. Emmers, R. (2010). Geopolitics and Maritime Territorial Disputes in East Asia. Oxon: Routledge. Kwak, T. and Joo, S. eds. (2010) Peace Regime Building on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asian Security Cooperation. Surrey: Ashgate. Schoenbaum, T. ed. (2008) Peace in Northeast Asia: Resolving Japan's Territorial and Maritime Disputes with China, Korea and the Russian Federation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Frost, E. L. (2008). Asia's New Regionalism. London: Lynne Reinner Publisher. Kim, Y. (2011). The Politics of Coalition in Korea: Between Institutions and Culture. London: Routledge. Kim, B and Vogel, E (eds). (2011) The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Shambaugh, D. and M. Yahuda (2008). International Relations of Asia. Plymouth, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Kaup, K. ed. (2007) Understanding Contemporary Asia Pacific. Boulder: Rienner.

Jang, H.-J. (2008). Bad Samaritans: Rich Nations, Poor Policies and the Threat to the Developing World. London: Random House. Acharya, A. (2009). Whose Ideas Matter?: Agency and Power in Asian Regionalism. New York: Cornell University Press. Acharya, A. (2008). Asia Rising: Who is leading? London, World Scientific. Pempel, T. J. ed. (2005) Remapping East Asia: The Construction of a Region. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Shambaugh, D, ed. (2005) Power Shift: China and Asias New Dynamics. Berkeley: University of California Press. Sutter, R. G. (2010). Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Snyder, S. (2009). China's Rise and the Two Koreas: Politics, Economics, Security. London: Lynne Reiner Publishers. Li, M. (2009). Soft Power: China's Emerging Strategy in International Politics. Lanham, Lexington Books. Taylor, I. (2010). China's new role in Africa. London, Lynne Reinner Publishers. Yasushi, W. and D. L. McConnell (2008). Soft Power Superpowers: Cultural and National Assets of Japan and the United States. New York, M.E. Sharpe Vyas, U. (2010) Soft Power in Japan-China Relations: State, sub-state and non-state relations. London: Routledge. Tong, J. S. W. (2009). Revenge of the Forbidden City: The Suppression of the Falungong in China, 1999-2005.Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dalton, R., Shin, D., and Chu, Y. (eds) (2008). Party Politics in East Asia: Citizens, Elections and Democratic Development. Boulder: Lynne Reinner Publisher. Zhang, Y. (2003). Pacific Asia: The Politics of Development. London: Routledge. Yahuda, M. (2004) The International Politics of the Asia-Pacific. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2nd ed. Ikenberry, G. J. and M. Mastanduno (2003). International Relations Theory and the Asia-Pacific. New York Columbia University Press. Kim, S.S., ed. (2004) The International Relations of Northeast Asia. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield. Kim, H.-a. (2004) Korea's Development under Park Chung Hee: Rapid industrialization 1961-79. New York: Rountledge Cruzon. Scheiner, E. (2006) Democracy without competition in Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Carlson M.(2007). Money Politics in Japan: New Rules, Old Practices. London: Lynne Reiner Publishers. Roberts, T and Hite, A. (2007) The Globalization and Development Reader. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Sassen, S. (1992).The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Bell, D. and Hahm, C. (2003) Confucianism for the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Diamond, L. and Plattner, M. (2009) Democracy: A Reader. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Weekly Schedule Wk 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Topic 20 Sept State formation and regional order: East Asia in the twentieth century 27 Sept One-party party system and politics: China / NK 4 Oct Democratization and multi-party system: South Korea and Taiwan 11 Oct 18 Oct 25 Oct 1 Nov 8 Nov 15 Nov 22 Nov 29 Nov 6 Nov Political culture: The Confucian legacy From the 4 Dragons to the Asian Crisis (and beyond) The Korean Peninsula East Asian Security No class (National Holiday in Hungary) China, Russia, and the Korean Peninsula Should North Korea be engaged or contained? Soft Power in East Asia Approaches to Comparative Regionalism Is East Asia a region? Why is there no Asian Union? Wrap-up Notes

26th October, review deadline No class Debate

Book

13th Dec. Final paper Deadline

Weekly Readings Week 1 State formation East Asia in the 20th century The lecture provides some background to East Asian politics and society by focusing especially on issues of state-formation in the 20th century and the Cold War period. Required readings Shambaugh, D. and M. Yahuda (2008). International Relations of Asia. Plymouth, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Ch. 2 Samuel Kim Additional readings Beeson, M. (2007) Regionalism & Globalization in East Asia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, Ch. 1, 2. Yahuda, M. (2004). Ch.1, 2. Cohen, W (2000) The Foreign Impact on East Asia, in Merle Goldman and Gordon, A. eds. (2000)(eds), Historical Perspectives on Contemporary East Asia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1-22. Snyder, J (1991) Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition. New York: Columbia UP, 112-152.

Alagappa, M. (1998) International politics in Asia: The historical context, in: Alagappa, M. Asian security practice : material and ideational influences. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 65-114. Week 2 One-party system China / North Korea The lecture highlights the central features of two important one-party systems in East Asia, and explores how they have evolved over time. Required reading Lin, G. (2004) Leadership Transition, Intra-Party Democracy, and Institution Building in China. Asian Survey, 44(2), 255-275. Additional readings Beja, J.P. (2009) The Massacres Long Shadow. Journal of Democracy, 20(3), 5-16. Hsieh, J. F.S. (2003) Democratizing China. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 38(4/5), 377-391. Zhao, S. (1998) Three Scenarios. Journal of Democracy, 9(1), 54-59. Oksenberg, Michel (1998) Confronting a Classic Dilemma. Journal of Democracy, 9(1), 27-34. Harding, H (1998) The Halting Advance of Pluralism. Journal of Democracy, 9(1), 11-17. Dittmer, L. (2000) Informal Politics in East Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Ch. 1, 5, 6, 10. Huang, X. (2009), Ch. 2, 3. Diamond, L. and Myers, R. H. (2001) Elections and Democracy in Greater China. Oxford, Oxford University Press, Ch.5. Week 3 Democratization in East Asia South Korea and Taiwan The lecture discusses the end of authoritarian rule in South Korea and Taiwan and looks at the social and political forces behind democratization, as well as the hurdles on the way to democracy. Required readings Kim, Y. (2008). Intra-party politics and minority coalition government in South Korea. Japanese Journal of Political Science 9(3): 367-398. Yu, C.-h. (2005). The Evolving Party System in Taiwan, 1995.2004. Journal of Asian and African Studies 40(1/2):105-123. Additional readings Kim, Y. (2011). The Politics of Colaition in Korea: Between Institutions and Culture.London: Routledge. Kim, B and Vogel, E (eds). (2011) The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Kim, H and Sorensen, C (eds). (2011) Reassessing the Park Chung Hee Era 19611979. Seattle: University of Washington Press Kim, H.-a. (2004) Korea's Development under Park Chung Hee: Rapid industrialization 1961-79. New York: Rountledge Cruzon.

Bouissou, J.-M. (2001) Party factions and the politics of coalition: Japanese politics under the "system of 1955. Electoral Studies, 20(4), 581-602. Yap, F. and Y. Kim (2008). Pathologies or Progress? Evaluating the effects of Divided Government and Party Volatility. Japanese Journal of Political Science 9(3): 261-268. Croissant, A. (2004) From transition to defective democracy: mapping Asian democratization. Democratization, 11(5). Huang, X. (2009), Ch. 9 (Modernization and Democracy). Tong, J. S. W. (2009). Revenge of the Forbidden City: The Suppression of the Falungong in China, 1999-2005.Oxford: Oxford University Press. Shin, D. and H. Shyu (1997) Political Ambivalence in South Korea and Taiwan. Journal of Democracy, 8(3), 109-124. Stockton, H. (2001) Political Parties, Party Systems, and Democracy in East Asia: Lessons From Latin America. Comparative Political Studies, 34(1), 94-119. Im, H. (2004) Faltering Democratic Consolidation in South Korea: Democracy at the End of the 'Three Kims' Era. Democratization, 11(5), 179-198. Shi, F. and Y. Cai (2006) Disaggregating the State: Networks and Collective Resistance in Shanghai. China Quarterly, 314-332. Pei, Minxin (1995) Creeping Democratization in China. Journal of Democracy, 6(4), 65-79. Kim, S. (2003) Korea's Democratization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Week 4 Political Culture Is there a distinctive Asian political culture? If so, what does it look like and how does it matter in political, social, and economic relationships? Required reading Chan, S. C. (2011). Cultural Governance and Place-Making in Taiwan and China. The China Quarterly, 206: 372-390. Ham, Chae-bong. (2004) The Ironies of Confucianism. Journal of Democracy, 15(3), 93-107. Additional readings Blondel, J. and T. Inoguchi (2002) Political Cultures Do Matter: Citizens and Politics in Western Europe and East and Southeast Asia. Japanese Journal of Political Science, 3(2), 151-171. Hsieh, J.F.S. (2000) East Asian Culture and Democratic Transition, With Special Reference to the Case of Taiwan. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 35(1), 29-42. Dittmer, L. (2000) Informal Politics in East Asia, Introduction Ch1, 3, Conclusion. Hahm, Chae-bong (2006) Confucianism and the concept of liberty. Asia-Europe Journal, 4, 477-489. Eisenstadt, S. N. (2000) Trust and Institutional Dynamics in Japan: The Construction of Generalized Particularistic Trust. Japanese Journal of Political Science, 1(1), 5372. Inoguchi, T. (2000) Social Capital in Japan. Japanese Journal of Political Science, 1(1), 73-112. Fukuyama, F. (1995) Trust: The Social Virtue and the Creation of Prosperity. London: Penguin Books, 3-145.

Week 5 Political Economy The Four Dragons, the Asian Crisis and beyond The model of the developmental state features prominently in the lecture, which provides an overview of the rise of capitalism in East Asia. Required reading Khan, S., Islam, F., Ahmed, S. (2005) The Asian Crisis: An Economic Analysis of the Causes. Journal of Developing Areas, 39(1), 169-190. Additional readings Jang, H.-J. (2008). Bad Samaritans: Rich Nations, Poor Policies and the Threat to the Developing World. London: Random House. Ch.1. King, M.R. (2001) Who triggered the Asian financial crisis? Review of International Political Economy, 8(3), 438-466. Kim, H.-a. (2004) Korea's Development under Park Chung Hee: Rapid industrialization 1961-79. New York: Rountledge Cruzon. Bowles, P. (2002) Asia's post-crisis regionalism: bringing the state back in, keeping the (United) States out. Review of International Political Economy, 9(2), 244-270. Zhang, Y. (2003) Pacific Asia: The Politics of Development. London: Routledge, Ch.3, 32-46. Gills, B.K. (2000) The crisis of post war East Asian capitalism: American power, democracy and the vicissitudes of globalization. Review of International Studies, 26(3), 381-403. Huang, X. (2009), Ch. 5 (The state and the economy). Dalton, R. J. and D. C. Shin (2006) Citizens, Democracy, and Markets Around the Pacific Rim. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Ch 1. Kwon, H.J. (2005) Transforming the Developmental Welfare State in East Asia. Development and Change, 36(3), 477-497. Peng, D. (2000) The Changing Nature of East Asia as an Economic Region. Pacific Affairs, 73(2), 171-191. Islam, I. and A. Chowdhury (2001) The Political Economy of East Asia: Post-Crisis Debates. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wenli, Z. (2001) International Political Economy from a Chinese Angle. Journal of Contemporary China, 10(26), 45-54. Hughes, C.W. (2000) Japanese policy and the East Asian currency crisis: abject defeat or quiet victory? Review of International Political Economy, 7(2), 219-253. Mo, S., Haggard, J. (2000) The political economy of the Korean financial crisis. Review of International Political Economy, 7(2), 192-218. Bevacqua, R. (1998) Whither the Japanese model? The Asian economic crisis and the continuation of Cold War politics in the Pacific Rim. Review of International Political Economy, 5(3), 410-423. Week 6 The Korean Peninsula and East Asian Security The lecture seeks to go beyond the stereotypical image of a reclusive country with the nookes and provides some background to North Korea. Required reading International Crisis Group (2007) After the North Korea Nuclear Breakthrough: Compliance or Confrontation? Policy Briefing No. 62.

Additional readings Mitchell B. Reiss (2006) A Nuclear-armed North Korea: Accepting the Unacceptable. Survival, 48(4), 97-109. Smith, Hazel (2000) Bad, Mad, Sad or Rational Actor? Why the Securitization Paradigm Makes for Poor Policy Analysis of North Korea. International Affairs 76(3), 593-617. Jae-Ho Chung (2001) South Korea Between Eagle and Dragon: Perceptual Ambivalence and Strategic Dilemma. Asian Survey, 41(5), 777-796. Noland, M. and Bark, T. (2003) The Strategic Importance of US-Korean Economic Relations. NBR Special Report, No.4. Seattle: National Bureau of Asian Research. Shambaugh, David (2003) China and the Korean Peninsula: Playing for the Long Term. Washington Quarterly, 26(2), 43-56. Bruce Cumings (1997) Koreas Place in the Sun. New York: Norton, 237-264. Victor Cha (2000) Abandonment, Entrapment, and Neoclassical Realism in Asia: The United States, Japan, and Korea. International Studies Quarterly, 44(2) 261-291. Ming, Liu (2003) China and the North Korean Crisis: Facing Test and Transition. Pacific Affairs, 76(3), 347-373. Michael R. Chambers (2005) Dealing with a Truculent Ally: A Comparative Perspective on Chinas Handling of North Korea. Journal of East Asian Studies, 5, 35-75. Ann Wu (2005) What China Whispers to North Korea. Washington Quarterly, 28(2), 35-48. Camroux, D. and Okfen, N. (2004) Introduction: 9/11 and US-Asia relations: towards a new 'New World Order'?. Pacific Review, 17(2), 163-177. Tay, S. S. C. (2004) Asia and the United States after 9/11: Primacy and Partnership in the Pacific. Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 28(1), 113-132. Kakihara, K. (2003) The Post-9/11 Paradigm Shift and Its Effects on East Asia. Institute for International Policy Studies, 292E, 1-15. Cainkar, L. (2004). Introduction: Global Impacts of September 11. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 24, 155-158. Lee, K. Y. (2003). Asia and Europe after September 11th. Asia Europe Journal 1, 912. Hunter, R.E. (2003) After 9/11: US policy in northeast Asia. Asia-Pacific Review, 10(1), 1-20. Campbell, K.M. and Tatsumi, Y. (2002) In the aftermath of the storm: US foreign policy in the wake of 9/11 and its implications for the Asia-Pacific region. AsiaPacific Review, 9(2), 2002, 31-44. Rozman, G. and Rozman, N. (2003) Need help against evil. Asian Survey, 43(1), 114. Pollack, J.D. (2002) Chinese security in the post-11 September world: implications for Asia and the Pacific. Asia-Pacific Review, 9(2), 12-30. Week 7 No class

Week 8 Russia, China, and the Korean Peninsula The lecture examines the interplay between Russia and China in the Central and East Asian regions. Required reading Kuchins, A. (2007) Russia and China: The Ambivalent Embrace. Current History, 107(702), 321-327. Additional reading Lo, B. (2006), Russia and China: Common interests, contrasting perceptions. CLSA Asian Geopolitics Report, Shanghai, May, 1-31. Torbakov, I. (2007) The West, Russia, and China in Central Asia: What Kind of Game is being played in the region? Transition Studies Review, 14(1), 152-162. Shlapentokh, D. (2007) China in the Russian mind today: Ambivalence and Defeatism. Europe-Asia Studies, 59(1), 1-21. Lo, B. (2004) The Long Sunset of Strategic Partnership. International Affairs, 80(2), 295-309. Lo, B. (2005) Pacific Russia and Asia: An edgy engagement. CLSA Asian Geopolitics Report, Shanghai, September. Week 9 Should North Korea be engaged or contained? - Debate Required readings Cha, Victor and Kang, David (2004) Can North Korea be Engaged? An Exchange between Victor Cha and David Kang. Survival, 46(2), 89-108 Additional readings Cha, Victor D. (2002) Hawk Engagement and Preventive Defense on the Korean Peninsula. International Security, 27(1), 40-78. Ming, Liu (2003) China and the North Korean Crisis: Facing Test and Transition. Pacific Affairs, 76(3), 347-373. Michael R. Chambers (2005) Dealing with a Truculent Ally: A Comparative Perspective on Chinas Handling of North Korea. Journal of East Asian Studies, 5, 35-75. Week 10 Soft Power in East Asia What is Soft Power? How does China tries to exercise it? Required readings Yasushi, W. and McConnell, D.L. (eds) (2008) Soft Power Superpowers. London: M.E. Sharpe, Introduction. Additional readings Li, M. (2009) Soft Power: Chinas Emerging Strategy in International Politics. Lanham: Lexington, Ch.1.

Li, M. (2009) Soft Power: Chinas Emerging Strategy in International Politics. Lanham: Lexington. CSIS (2009) Chinese Soft Power and Its Implications for the United States. Competition and Cooperation in the Developing World. Washington: CSIS. Vyas, U. (2010) Soft Power in Japan-China Relations: State, sub-state and non-state relations. London: Routledge. Week 11 Approaches to Comparative Regionalism Required readings Fawn, R. (2009). "Regions and their study: where from, what for and where to?" Review of International Studies 35: 5-34. Additional readings Fawcett, L. (2004). "Exploring regional domains: a comparative history of regionalism."International Affairs80(3): 429-446. Sbragia, A. (2008). "Review Article: Comparative Regionalism: What might it be?" Journal of Common Market Studies46(s1): 29-49. Kubicek, P. (2009) The Commonwealth of Independent States: an example of failed regionalism? in Fawn Ed., Globalising the Regional, Regionalising the Global Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. AcharyaA. and Johnston, A.Eds. (2007) Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Introduction and Conclusion. Pempel, T. J. (2005). Remapping East Asia: The Construction of a Region. New York, Cornell University Press, Ch.1-2. Mark Beeson (2005) Rethinking regionalism: Europe and East Asia in Comparative historical perspective. Journal of European Public Policy, 12(6), pp. 969-985. Walter Mattli (1999), The Logic of Regional Integration. Europe and Beyond, Cambridge: CUP, pp. 41-67. Monty G. Marshall (1999) Third World War: System, Process, and Conflict Dynamics Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. Ch.6 Andrew Wyatt-Walter, Regionalism, Globalization, andWorld Economic Order, in:L. Fawcett and A. Hurrell (1995, eds.) Regionalism in World Politics: Regional Organization and International Order, Oxford: OUP. Week 12 Is East Asia a region? Why is there no Asia Union? / Wrap-up What keeps East Asia together? What constitutes a region? These are some of the questions that lead the discussion in this session. The lecture sets Asian regionalism in a broader comparative perspective, and also asks why no equivalent of European Union has developed. Required reading Beeson, M. (2007) Regionalism & Globalization in East Asia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Ch. 1 (Conceptualising East Asia) Additional readings Kim, S. S. (2004). Regionalization and Regionalism in East Asia. Journal of East Asian Studies 4(1), 39-67.

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Katzenstein, P.J. (2005) A World of Regions: Asia and Europe in the American Imperium. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. Hemmer, C. and Katzenstein, P. (2002) Why Is There No NATO in Asia? Collective Identity, Regionalism, and the Origins of Multilateralism. International Organization 56(3), 575-607. Acharya, A (2008), Regional Institutions and Security in the Asia-Pacific: Evolution, Adaptation, and Prospects for Transformation in Amitav Acharya and Evelyn Goh eds., Reassessing Security Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific: Competition, Congruence, and Transformation. Cambridge: MIT Press, 19-40. Ravenhill, J. (2007), Asias New Economic Institutions, in Vinod K. Aggarwal and Koo, M. G. (eds.) Asias New Institutional Architecture: Evolving Structures for Managing Trade, Financial and Security Relations. Girona: Springer, 35-58. Huang, X. (2009) Ch. 10 (Globalization, regionalism and the myth of the Asian century) Beeson, M. (2007) Regionalism & Globalization in East Asia. New York: Palgrave. Ch 8 (East Asian Futures). Kim, Y. (1997) Asian-style Democracy: A Critique from East Asia. Asian Survey 37(12), 1119-1134. Berger, T. (2000) Set for stability? Prospects for conflict and co-operation in East Asia. Review of International Studies, 26(3), 405-428. Katzenstein, P. (2000) Regionalism and Asia. New Political Economy, 5(3), 353-368.

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