HCL

STRUCTURE OF JAVA LANGUAGE AND JAVA CLASSES //program to display hello world
class prg1 { public static void main(String s[]) { System.out.println("hello world!"); System.out.println("this is our \n first class"); System.out.println("we want to \tlearn java"); System.out.print("java"); System.out.print("india"); } }

//program to create object and calling a method through created object

class first { void show() { System.out.println("hello world!"); } } class apple { public static void main(String s1[]) { first f=new first(); f.show(); } }

//program to calling a method without using object but static

class first

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{ static void show() { System.out.println("hello world!"); } } class apple { public static void main(String s1[]) { first.show(); } }

//demo program to declare and initializing variables

class first { void show() { int a=10,x=12; float b=4567.393f; double c=123.45; System.out.println(a); System.out.println(b); System.out.println(c); System.out.println(a+x); System.out.println("the addition value is "+(a+x)); } } class apple { public static void main(String s1[]) { first f=new first(); f.show(); } }

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// program to print variables without initialization which throughs exceptions. //in this context java differs from c++
class first { int k; void show() { int a; float b; char c; String s; System.out.println(a); System.out.println(b); System.out.println(c); System.out.println(s); System.out.println(k); } } class apple { public static void main(String s1[]) { first f=new first(); f.show(); } }

//program to print default intial values of different data types

class first { int k; float f1; char c1;

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String s1; void show() { System.out.println(k); System.out.println(f1); System.out.println(c1); System.out.println(s1); } } class apple { public static void main(String s1[]) { first f=new first(); f.show(); } }

//demo to print default values of access modifiers

class first { int a1; public int a2; private int a3; protected int a4; static int a5; public static int a6; private static int a7; protected static int a8; void show() { System.out.println("value of a1 is "+a1); System.out.println(a1+","+a2+","+a3); } } class prg3 {

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public static void main(String s1[]) { first f=new first(); f.show(); } }

//program to show scope of acess modifiers

class first { int a1=1; public int a2=2; private int a3=3; protected int a4=4; static int a5=5; public static int a6=6; private static int a7=7; protected static int a8=8; } class prg4 { public static void main(String s1[]) { first f=new first(); System.out.println(f.a1); System.out.println(f.a2); System.out.println(f.a3); System.out.println(f.a4); System.out.println(f.a5); System.out.println(f.a7); } }

// demo program to call a function before its definition. //this program it wont work in c and c++ but in java
class xyz

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{ void show() { disp(); System.out.println("i am show function"); } void disp() { System.out.println("i am disp function"); } } class prg5 { public static void main(String s1[]) { xyz x=new xyz(); x.show(); } }

// demo program to call a function before its definition

class prg6 { public static void main(String s1[]) { show(); } static void show() { System.out.println("i am show fun"); } }

//program for function overloading

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class test { void show() { System.out.println("i am show fun in test class "); } void show(char a) { System.out.println(a); } void show(int a) { System.out.println(a); } void show(int a,int b) { System.out.println(a+b+"abc"); } void show(int a,char b) { System.out.println(a+b+"abc"); } } class prg7 { public static void main(String s1[]) { test t=new test(); t.show(); t.show(5); t.show('a'); t.show(5,6); t.show(10,'A'); } } Command Line Arguments

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//program that display command line arguments
public class prg1 { public static void main(String x[]) { System.out.println(x[0]); System.out.println(x[1]); System.out.println(x[2]); System.out.println(x[3]); } } //program to add 2 numbers passed in command prompt class first { public static void main(String x[]) { int a,b,c; a=Integer.parseInt(x[0]); //Wrapper class for type casting b=Integer.parseInt(x[1]); c=a+b; System.out.println(c); } }

//main method overloading

public class prg1 { public static void main(int[] args) { System.out.println("int"); } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("string");

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} public static void main(float[] args) { System.out.println("float"); } }

//program that uses main in each class in a single file

class first { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println(i am main method in first class); } } class second { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println(i am main method in second class); } } class third { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println(i am main method in third class); } } class fourth { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println(i am main method in fourth class); } }

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//program to show that local variable cannot be static and public class first { void show() { static int a=5; public int b=6; System.out.println(a); System.out.println(b); } } class prg2 { public static void main(String[] args) { first f=new first(); f.show(); } }

//demo program to show scope of class level variable between methods

class first { int a=10; void show() { System.out.println(a); a++; } void disp() { System.out.println(a); a=a+5; } }

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class prg3 { public static void main(String[] args) { first f=new first(); f.show(); f.disp(); f.show(); f.show(); } }

//program that uses inner classe

class outerClass { private int i=10; private void method1() { System.out.println("i am Private "); } class innerClass { void method() { System.out.println("Private "+i); method1(); } } } class innerClassExample { public static void main(String []ohm) { outerClass obj1=new outerClass(); outerClass.innerClass obj2=obj1.new innerClass(); obj2.method(); }

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}

//program that uses private Method

class PrivateMethod{ private int a=10; private String method(){ System.out.println("I am private"); return "hai"; } String callPrivate(){ return method(); } } class PrivateMethodExample{ public static void main(String []arg){ PrivateMethod obj=new PrivateMethod(); System.out.println("main:"+obj.callPrivate()); } }

//program that is using array object

class arr { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] ia = new int[101]; for (int i = 0; i < ia.length; i++) ia[i] = i; int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < ia.length; i++) sum += ia[i]; System.out.println(sum); } }

//program uses 2D array

class Test {

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public static void main(String[] args) { int ia[][] = { {1, 2}, {3,4} }; for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) System.out.println(ia[i][j]); } }

String class and StringBuffer class

//program that uses few String class methods

import java.lang.String; public class prg1 { public static void main(String srg[]) { String str1; String str2=new String(); String str3=new String("welcome"); String str4; str1="india"; str2="japan"; str3="raju"; System.out.println(str1); System.out.println(str2); System.out.println(str3); str4="today is monday and yesterday is sunday"; System.out.println(str4.length()); System.out.println("sudha".length()); System.out.println(str4.charAt(4)); System.out.println("india".equals("INDIA")); System.out.println("india".equalsIgnoreCase("INDIA")); System.out.println(str4.substring(8)); System.out.println(str4.substring(8,15)); System.out.println(str4.concat(str2)); System.out.println(str4.replace('a','*')); System.out.println(str4.toUpperCase()); String str5="hello";

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System.out.println(str5); System.out.println(str5.trim()); } }

//program that uses few StringBuffer class methods

import java.lang.StringBuffer; public class prg2 { public static void main(String srg[]) { StringBuffer s1=new StringBuffer(); StringBuffer s2=new StringBuffer(20); StringBuffer s3=new StringBuffer("welcome"); System.out.println(s1); System.out.println(s2); System.out.println(s3); System.out.println(s1.length()); System.out.println(s1.capacity()); s1.append("sd f f a aFA fasdfasdg8034ty8035 rg sg asdg as g asdg asdgoasdgasdg"); System.out.println(s1.length()); System.out.println(s1.capacity()); s1.setLength(5); System.out.println(s1.length()); System.out.println(s1.capacity()); System.out.println(s1); System.out.println(s1.reverse()); } }

INHERITANCE //single Inheritance

class Person{ String name;

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int age; void getPerInfo(String str,int ag){ name=str; age=ag; } void putPerInfo(){ System.out.println("Name:"+name); System.out.println("Age:"+age); } } class Student extends Person{ int total; char grade; void getStuInfo(String n,int ag,int tot,char gr){ getPerInfo(n,ag); total=tot; grade=gr; } void putStuInfo(){ putPerInfo(); System.out.println("Total:"+total); System.out.println("Grade:"+grade); } } class single_inheritance{ public static void main(String args[]){ Student s=new Student(); s.getStuInfo("Honey",22,98,'A'); s.putStuInfo(); } }

//multi level inheritance

class grand_father { void show1() {

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System.out.println("i am show function in grand_father class"); } } class father extends grand_father { void show2() { System.out.println("i am show function in father class"); } } class son extends father { void show3() { System.out.println("i am show function in son class"); } } class grand_son extends son { void show4() { System.out.println("i am show function in grand_son class"); } } class multi { public static void main(String args[]) { grand_son gs=new grand_son(); gs.show4(); gs.show3(); gs.show2(); gs.show1(); } }

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//hieararchial inheritance
class parents { void show() { System.out.println("we are parnts"); } } class son extends parents { void disp() { System.out.println("i am son class"); } } class daughter extends parents { void disp() { System.out.println("i am daughter class"); } } public class hie { public static void main(String args[]) { son s=new son(); daughter d=new daughter(); s.show(); d.show(); s.disp(); d.disp(); } }

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//Scope of Access specifiers
class Simple{ private int pri; int def; protected int pro; public int pub; Simple(){ pri=10; def=20; pro=30; pub=40; } } class Inherit extends Simple{ Inherit() { //pri = 100; // can't access private def = 200; pro = 300; pub = 400; } public static void main(String[] args) { Inherit i = new Inherit(); // can't access private //System.out.println(i.pri) System.out.println(i.def); System.out.println(i.pro); System.out.println(i.pub); } }

//Overloading Example1
class FirstClass { public void Show() {

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System.out.println("FirstClass: Show function"); } } class SecondClass extends FirstClass { public void Show(int a) { System.out.println("SecondClass: Show function(overloaded)"); } } class FirstSecond { public static void main(String[] args) { SecondClass c = new SecondClass(); c.Show(); c.Show(1); } }

//Overriding Example2
class ClassFirst { public void display() { System.out.println("Class First: display"); } public void show() { System.out.println("Class First: show"); } } class ClassSecond extends ClassFirst { // Overriden method display() public void display() { System.out.println("Class Second: display"); } // Cannot override with different access specifier /* protected void show() {

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System.out.println("Class Second: show"); } */ } class UseFirstSecond { public static void main(String[] args) { ClassSecond cs = new ClassSecond(); cs.display(); cs.show(); } }

//Dynamic Method Dispatch Example

class Dynamic { public void show() { System.out.println("Dynamic:show()"); } } class SubDynamic extends Dynamic { public void show() { System.out.println("SubDynamic:show()"); } } class UseDynamic { public static void main(String[] args) { Dynamic d = new SubDynamic(); d.show(); }

INTERFACE //simple interface

interface Inter1{

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public void fun1(); } class InterImple implements Inter1{ public void fun1(){ System.out.println("Interface 1"); } } class mainClassForInter{ public static void main(String []arg){ InterImple obj1=new InterImple(); Inter1 obj2=obj1;//=new InterImple(); obj2.fun1(); } }

//Extended interface Example

interface Inter1{ public void fun1(); } interface Inter2 extends Inter1{ public void fun2();//all method inside interface should be public } class InterImple implements Inter1,Inter2{ public void fun1(){ System.out.println("Interface 1"); } public void fun2(){ System.out.println("Interface 2"); } } class mainClassForInterface{ public static void main(String []arg){ InterImple obj=new InterImple(); Inter2 obj2=obj; //=new InterImple(); //obj.fun(); obj2.fun1();

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obj2.fun2(); } }

//Example for implementing interface in more than one class

interface int1{ void show(); } class A implements int1{ public void show(){ System.out.println("Show"); } } class B implements int1{ public void show(){ System.out.println("Show"); } } class InterfaceMain{ public static void main(String s[]){ int1 i=new A(); i.show(); int1 i=new B(); i.show(); } }

PACKAGE //Simple PackageExample

package PackEx; class Student{ String name;

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int age; Student(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } void show() { System.out.println("Name:"+name); System.out.println("Age :"+age); } } class PackMain { public static void main(String args[]) { Student stu[] = new Student[3]; stu[0] = new Student("Darshini", 7); stu[1] = new Student("Sanjay", 6); stu[2] = new Student("Praveen", 13); for(int i=0; i<3; i++) stu[i].show(); } }

//package Example 2
package Example; public class Pack{ int def=10; private int pri=20; protected int pro=30; public int pub=40; public Pack(){ System.out.println("default"+def); System.out.println("private data"+pri); System.out.println("protected data"+pro); System.out.println("public data"+pub); } }

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class PackExt extends Pack{ PackExt(){ System.out.println("default"+def); System.out.println("private data"+pri); System.out.println("protected data"+pro); System.out.println("public data"+pub); } public static void main(String args[]){ PackExt P=new PackExt(); } } //java Example.PackExt package Example; class Pack1 extends Example.Pack{ public static void main(String args[]){ Pack P=new Pack(); } }

//package Example 3
//sub2.java in folder sub1/sub2 package sub1.sub2; public class sub2 { public void mul() { int a=10; int b=a*a; System.out.println("mul from sub2 "+b); } } //subp.java in folder sub1 package sub1; public class subp

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{ public void add() { int a=20,b=30; int c=a+b; System.out.println("addition in sub1"+c); } } //mainpack.java import sub1.*; import sub1.sub2.*; public class mainpack { public static void main(String er[]) { subp obj =new subp(); sub2 ob=new sub2(); obj.add(); ob.mul(); } }

ABSTRACT CLASS //abstract method and abstract class example

abstract class ABC{ abstract void absmethod(); void normmethod(){ System.out.println("This is the normal method"); } void normmethod1(){ System.out.println("This is the method which has definition in the abstract class\n and not overridden in the class which inherit it"); } } class AbsInh extends ABC{

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void absmethod(){ System.out.println("this is a complete abstract method"); } void normmethod(){ System.out.println("this is a normal method overridden in this class"); } public static void main(String args[]){ AbsInh AI=new AbsInh(); AI.absmethod(); AI.normmethod(); AI.normmethod1(); } }

COLLECTION CLASSES //Set usage example

import java.util.*; public class SetExample { public static void main(String args[]) { Set set = new HashSet(); set.add("Bernadine"); set.add("Elizabeth"); set.add("Gene"); set.add("Elizabeth"); set.add("Clara"); System.out.println(set); Set sortedSet = new TreeSet(set); System.out.println(sortedSet); } }

//List usage example

import java.util.*; public class ListExample {

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public static void main(String args[]) { List list = new ArrayList(); list.add("Bernadine"); list.add("Elizabeth"); list.add("Gene"); list.add("Elizabeth"); list.add("Clara"); System.out.println(list); System.out.println("2: " + list.get(2)); System.out.println("0: " + list.get(0)); LinkedList queue = new LinkedList(); queue.addFirst("Bernadine"); queue.addFirst("Elizabeth"); queue.addFirst("Gene"); queue.addFirst("Elizabeth"); queue.addFirst("Clara"); System.out.println(queue); queue.removeLast(); queue.removeLast(); System.out.println(queue); } }

//Map usage example

import java.util.*; public class MapExample { public static void main(String args[]) { Map map = new HashMap(); Integer ONE = new Integer(1); for (int i=0, n=args.length; i<n; i++) { String key = args[i]; Integer frequency = (Integer) map.get(key); if (frequency == null) { frequency = ONE; } else { int value = frequency.intValue(); frequency = new Integer(value + 1); } map.put(key, frequency); }

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System.out.println(map); Map sortedMap = new TreeMap(map); System.out.println(sortedMap); } }

//HasMap Example
//mapping is done acording to the key value //does not accept the duplicate key import java.util.*; class ex16 { public static void main(String args[]) { HashMap h = new HashMap(); h.put("roy", new Integer(90)); h.put("shelly", new Integer(80)); h.put("keats", new Integer(95)); h.put("charles", new Integer(38)); Set s =h.entrySet(); Iterator i = s.iterator(); System.out.println("the following are the marks : "); System.out.println("names\t\tmarks "); while(i.hasNext()) { Map.Entry e= (Map.Entry)i.next(); System.out.println(e.getKey() + "\t\t" + e.getValue()); } h.put("macbeth", new Integer(58)); i = s.iterator(); System.out.println("the hash map after modification is : "); System.out.println("names\t\tmarks "); while(i.hasNext()) { Map.Entry e= (Map.Entry)i.next(); System.out.println(e.getKey() + "\t\t" + e.getValue());

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} } }

//HashSet usage example

import java.util.*; public class FindDups { public static void main(String args[]){ Set s = new HashSet(); for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++){ if (!s.add(args[i])) System.out.println("Duplicate detected: " + args[i]); } System.out.println(s.size() + " distinct words detected: " +s); } }

//ArrrayList usage example

import java.util.*; public class Shuffle { public static void main(String args[]) { List l = new ArrayList(); for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) l.add(args[i]); Collections.shuffle(l, new Random()); System.out.println(l); } }

//LinkedList usage example

import java.util.*; public class MyStack { private LinkedList list = new LinkedList(); public void push(Object o){

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list.addFirst(o); } public Object top(){ return list.getFirst(); } public Object pop(){ return list.removeFirst(); } public static void main(String args[]) { Car myCar; MyStack s = new MyStack(); s.push (new Car()); myCar = (Car)s.pop(); } }

//TreeMap Example
//usage of tree map, it willbe in ascending key oder //mapping is done acording to the key value // does no accept the duplicate key import java.util.*; class ex17 { public static void main(String args[]) { TreeMap t = new TreeMap(); t.put("roy", new Integer(90)); t.put("shelly", new Integer(80)); t.put("keats", new Integer(95)); t.put("charles", new Integer(38)); Set s =t.entrySet(); Iterator i = s.iterator(); System.out.println("the following are the marks : "); System.out.println("names\t\tmarks "); while(i.hasNext()) { Map.Entry e= (Map.Entry)i.next();

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System.out.println(e.getKey() + "\t\t" + e.getValue()); } if (t.containsKey("roy")) System.out.println(" Map contains the entry 'roy'"); else System.out.println(" Map doenot contains the entry 'roy'"); t.put("macbeth", new Integer(58)); i = s.iterator(); System.out.println("the tree map after modification is : "); System.out.println("names\t\tmarks "); while(i.hasNext()) { Map.Entry e= (Map.Entry)i.next(); System.out.println(e.getKey() + "\t\t" + e.getValue()); } } }

//Enumeration Example using Vector class

import java.util.*; class VectorProg { public static void main(String []ohm) { Vector a=new Vector(); a.addElement("Sun"); a.addElement("iTech"); a.addElement("T Nagar"); a.addElement("Chennai"); a.addElement("Sun"); a.addElement("iTech"); a.addElement("T Nagar"); a.addElement("Chennai"); a.addElement("Sun"); a.addElement("iTech"); a.addElement("T Nagar");

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a.addElement("Chennai"); System.out.println("All Data:"+a); System.out.println("First:"+a.firstElement()); System.out.println("Last:"+a.lastElement()); System.out.println(a.capacity()); Enumeration en=a.elements(); while(en.hasMoreElements()) { System.out.println(en.nextElement()); } } }

EXCEPTION HANDLING //using try catch

class ex3 { public static void main(String arg[]) { try{ int d=2; int a=42/d; System.out.println(" print"); System.out.println(a); }catch(ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println("Division by zero " +e); } System.out.println("after catch"); }

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} //using multiple catch statement class ex4 { public static void main(String arg[]) { try{ int a=arg.length; System.out.println("a = " +a); int b=10/a; int c[]={ 1}; c[20]=45; }catch(ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println("Division by zero "); } catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { System.out.println("array out of bounderror " + e); } System.out.println("after catch"); } }

//nested try statements

class ex6 { public static void main(String arg[]) { try{ int a=arg.length; int b=10/a; System.out.println(" a = " + a); try{ // if one command line arg is used then exception divide by zero if(a==1) a =a /(a-a); //if twocommand line arg is used array bound error

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if(a==2) { int c[]={1}; c[10]=45; } }catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { System.out.println("array error " + e); } }catch(ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println("arithmetic exception " + e); } System.out.println("after catch"); } }

//Finally
class finally_ex { public static void fin() throws Exception { try { int arr[]={1,2,3}; arr[10]=10; } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException x) { System.out.println("array Exception : " + x); } finally { System.out.println("finally!"); }

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System.out.println("last statement"); } public static void main(String[] args) { try { fin(); } catch(Exception x) {} } }

//usage of Throws
class Throws{ static void throwsFun() throws IllegalAccessException{ System.out.println("From Throws"); throw new IllegalAccessException(); } public static void main(String arg[]){ try{ throwsFun(); }catch(IllegalAccessException e){ System.out.println("Caught the Exception"+e); } } }

//user defined exceptions

class ownex extends Exception { int x; ownex(int a) { x=a;

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} public String toString() { return " user defined Exception[ " + x + " ] "; } } class ownexp { static void show(int a) throws ownex { System.out.println("called show(" + a + ")"); if(a>10) throw new ownex(a); System.out.println("exit"); } public static void main(String args[]) { try{ System.out.println("first"); show(8); show(20); } catch(ownex e) { System.out.println("Caught " + e); } } }

JAVA I/O //Program demonstrates the usage of file classes

import java.io.File; class File_ex { public static void main(String args[]) { File f1 = new File("in.txt"); System.out.println("File name is : " + f1.getName()); System.out.println(" path is : " + f1.getPath());

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System.out.println("Absolute path : " + f1.getAbsolutePath()); System.out.println(f1.exists() ? "file exists " : "filedoesnot exist"); System.out.println(f1.isDirectory() ? " file is a directory " : "not a dir " ); System.out.println(f1.isFile() ? "file is an ordinary file " : "not an ordinaty ifle"); System.out.println("the file was last modified at " + f1.lastModified() ); if(f1.canRead()) System.out.println("we can read from thefile"); else System.out.println(" we cannot read from the file"); if(f1.canWrite()) System.out.println("we can write"); else System.out.println("we cannot write "); } }

//File Input Stream and File Output Stream

import java.io.*; class FileStreamsTest { public static void main(String args[]) { try { FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("in.txt"); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("out.txt"); int c; while ((c = fis.read()) != -1) { fos.write(c); } fis.close(); fos.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.err.println("FileStreamsTest: " + e); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("FileStreamsTest: " + e); }

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} }

//demonstrate file input/ output stream and spliting of files

import java.io.*; public class split_ex { public static void main (String args[])throws Exception { int size; InputStream f= new FileInputStream("in.txt"); System.out.println( "total Bytes : " + (size = f.available())); int n = size/4; System.out.println( "First " + n + "bytes of the file reads at a time"); for (int i=0;i< n;i++) { System.out.println( (char)f.read()); } System.out.println( "Still available : " + f.available() ); f.skip(2); System.out.println( "Still available after skipping : " + f.available() ); f.close(); String source = " Welcome to java \n" + " good morning \n" + " bye"; byte buf[]= source.getBytes(); OutputStream fos= new FileOutputStream("a1.txt"); for (int i=0;i<buf.length ;i=i++) { fos.write(buf[i]); } fos.close(); OutputStream f1= new FileOutputStream("a2.txt"); f1.write(buf); f1.close(); OutputStream f2= new FileOutputStream("a3.txt");

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f2.write(buf,buf.length-buf.length/4,buf.length/4); f2.close(); } }

//program that demonstrate the Data I/O Streams

import java.io.*; class DataIOTest { public static void main(String args[]) { // writing part try { DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("data.txt")); double prices[] = { 19.99, 9.99, 15.99, 3.99, 4.99 }; int units[] = { 12, 8, 13, 29, 50 }; String descs[] = { "Java Beans", "Java Applet", "Java Server Pages", "java AWT Components", "Java Swing"}; for (int i = 0; i < prices.length; i ++) { dos.writeDouble(prices[i]); dos.writeChar('\t'); dos.writeInt(units[i]); dos.writeChar('\t'); dos.writeChars(descs[i]); dos.writeChar('\n'); } dos.close(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("DataIOTest: " + e); } // reading part try { DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream("data.txt")); double price; int unit; String desc; boolean EOF = false; double total = 0.0; while (!EOF) { try {

HCL
price = dis.readDouble(); dis.readChar(); unit = dis.readInt(); dis.readChar(); desc = dis.readLine(); System.out.println("You've ordered " + unit + " units of " + desc + " at Rs. " + price); total = total + unit * price; } catch(EOFException e) { EOF = true; } } System.out.println("For a TOTAL of: Rs." + total); dis.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("DataIOTest: " + e); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("DataIOTest: " + e); } } }

//program reads the data from fileStream and write to Buffered Stream
import java.io.*; class str { public static void main(String s[]){ byte b[]; byte p; FileInputStream is; BufferedOutputStream os; File f; for (int i=0; i < s.length;i++){ try{ f=new File(s[i]); b=new byte[(int)f.length()]; is = new FileInputStream(f); is.read(b); is.close(); os = new BufferedOutputStream( new FileOutputStream(s[i]),b.length); p='?';

HCL
for(int j=0; j < b.length; j++){ if((p!='\r')&&(b[j]=='\n')) os.write('\r'); p=b[j]; os.write(p); } os.flush(); os.close(); }catch(IOException e){ System.err.println(e.toString()); } } } }

/* Program that converts into uppercase and lowercase using ByteArray and write the content into fileoutputstream */
//reset() sets the stream pointer to the start of the stream import java.io.*; class bytearray_ex { public static void main (String args[]) throws IOException { String str ="hai welcome"; byte b[]=str.getBytes(); ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(b); for(int i = 0; i<2;i++) { int c; while((c=in.read())!=-1) { if(i==0) { System.out.println((char)c); } else { System.out.println(Character.toUpperCase((char)c)); } }

HCL
in.reset(); }

// Byte Array output stream

ByteArrayOutputStream bf = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); bf.write(b); System.out.println("the String is"); System.out.println(bf.toString()); System.out.println("adding into an array"); byte ba[] = bf.toByteArray(); for(int i = 0; i<ba.length;i++) { System.out.println((char)ba[i]); } //to an output stream System.out.println("writing to outputstream"); OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("test.txt"); bf.writeTo(os); os.close(); } }

//program to write into a file ie copying a file

import java.io.*; class file_copy { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { int i; FileInputStream fi; FileOutputStream fo; try {

// open the input file

try{ fi = new FileInputStream(args[0]); }catch(FileNotFoundException e)

HCL
{System.out.println("Input File not found"); return; } }catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {System.out.println("copy a file error"); return; }

//open output file

try{ fo=new FileOutputStream(args[1]); }catch(FileNotFoundException e) {System.out.println("Error in opening a file"); return; } //copy file try { do { i=fi.read(); if ( i!= -1) fo.write(i); }while(i != -1); }catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("file error"); } fi.close(); fo.close(); } }

//Progrma displays the contents of specified directory

import java.io.*; public class File_dir implements FilenameFilter { String w; public File_dir(String w)

HCL
{ this.w="." + w; } public boolean accept(File dir,String name) { return name.endsWith(w); } public static void main (String args[])throws IOException { for (int i=0;i<args.length;i++) { File f1=new File("d:/stream"); FilenameFilter only = new File_dir(args[i]); String s[] = f1.list(only); System.out.println( "printing files with " + args[i] + " extension in the " + f1.getPath() + " directory"); for(int ii = 0;ii<=s.length;ii++) System.out.println(s[i]); } } }

//Filereader and FileWriter

import java.io.*; import java.io.File; class file_read_write { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { String s = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; char buf[]=new char[s.length()]; s.getChars(0,s.length(),buf,0); FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("f11.txt"); for(int i=0;i<buf.length;i=i+2) { fw.write(buf[i]); } fw.close(); FileWriter fw1 = new FileWriter("f21.txt");

HCL
fw1.write(buf); fw1.close(); FileReader fr= new FileReader("f21.txt"); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr); while((s=br.readLine()) !=null) { System.out.println(s); } fr.close(); } }

//program demonstrates the usage of StringReader

import java.util.*; import java.io.*; import java.io.File; class UppercaseConvertor extends FilterReader { public UppercaseConvertor(Reader in) { super(in); } public int read() throws IOException { int c = super.read(); return (c == -1 ? c : Character.toUpperCase((char)c)); } public int read(char[] buf, int offset, int count) throws IOException { int nread = super.read(buf, offset, count); int last = offset + nread; for (int i = offset; i < last; i++) buf[i] = Character.toUpperCase(buf[i]); return nread; } } class file_case{ public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException

HCL
{ StringReader src = new StringReader(args[0]); FilterReader f = new UppercaseConvertor(src); int c; while ((c = f.read()) != -1) System.out.print((char)c); System.out.println(); } }

//using printwriter class

import java.io.*; class exf10 { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out, true); pw.println("hai"); int i = 100; pw.write(i); double d=6.7e-5; pw.println(d); }}

Threads and Thread Synchronisation Simple thread example

class MyThread extends Thread { private String name, msg; public MyThread(String name, String msg) { this.name = name; this.msg = msg; } public void run() { System.out.println(name + " starts its execution"); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

HCL
{ System.out.println(name + " says: " + msg); try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (InterruptedException ie) {} } System.out.println(name + " finished execution"); } } public class prg1 { public static void main(String[] args) { MyThread mt1 = new MyThread("thread1", "ping"); MyThread mt2 = new MyThread("thread2", "pong"); mt2.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); mt2.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); mt2.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); mt1.start(); mt2.start(); for(int k=1;k<=10;k++) System.out.println("ok"); System.out.println("ok"); System.out.println("ok"); System.out.println("ok"); System.out.println("ok"); System.out.println("ok"); } }

//Basic Thread example

class BasicThread extends Thread{ char c; BasicThread(char c) { this.c = c; } // override run() method in inherited by Thread via

HCL
// the Runnable interface public void run() { for(int i=0; i<100; i++) { System.out.print(c); try{ sleep((int)(Math.random() * 10)); } catch( InterruptedException e ) { System.out.println("Interrupted Exception + caught"); } } } public static void main(String[] args) { BasicThread bt = new BasicThread('!'); BasicThread bt1 = new BasicThread('*'); bt.start(); bt1.start(); } }

//Setting Priority to thread

class LowPriority { public static void main(String[] args) { MyThread t1 = new MyThread(1); MyThread t2 = new MyThread(2); t1.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); t2.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); t1.start(); t2.start(); } } class MyThread extends Thread { int id;

HCL
MyThread(int id) { this.id = id; } public void run(){ for(int i=0; i<10; i++) System.out.println("My id is: " + id); } }

//using wait method

class Waiting { public static void main(String[] args) { MyThread t1 = new MyThread(1); MyThread t2 = new MyThread(2); t1.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); t2.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); t1.start(); t2.start(); } } class MyThread extends Thread { int id; MyThread(int id) { this.id = id; } public synchronized void run(){ for(int i=0; i<10; i++) { if( id==1 && i==5 ) { try{ wait(1000); }catch(InterruptedException e) {} } System.out.println("My id is: " + id); }

HCL
} }

//Yielding in threads
class Yielding { public static void main(String[] args) { MyThread t1 = new MyThread(1); MyThread t2 = new MyThread(2); t1.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); // won't yield() for lower priority t2.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); t1.start(); t2.start(); } } class MyThread extends Thread { int id; MyThread(int id) { this.id = id; } public synchronized void run(){ for(int i=0; i<100; i++) { if( id==1 && i==30 ) { yield(); } System.out.println("My id is: " + id); } } }

//using sleep methods in java

class Sleeping { public static void main(String[] args) {

HCL
MyThread t1 = new MyThread(1); MyThread t2 = new MyThread(2); t1.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); t2.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); t1.start(); t2.start(); } } class MyThread extends Thread { int id; MyThread(int id) { this.id = id; } public void run(){ for(int i=0; i<10; i++) { if( id==1 && i==5 ) { try{ sleep(1000); }catch(InterruptedException e) {} } System.out.println("My id is: " + id); } } }

//program for using isAlive method

public class xyz implements Runnable { private int countDown = 5; public xyz() { System.out.println("\nThread constructor...\n"); } public void run() { while(true) { System.out.println(" - Thread ( Current Countdown = " + countDown + " )");

HCL
for (int j = 0; j < 300000000; j++) { // This is a test... } if (--countDown == 0) { System.out.println("\nEnding thread...\n"); return; } } } private static void doThreadTest() throws java.lang.InterruptedException { int checkCount = 0; Thread th = new Thread(new xyz()); th.start(); while (th.isAlive()) { Thread.sleep(500); System.out.println("Thread is still alive. Count = " + ++checkCount); } System.out.println("\n<< Finished running and checking thread!!! >>\n"); } public static void main(String[] args) throws java.lang.InterruptedException { System.out.println("\n<< MAIN METHOD (Begin) >>"); doThreadTest(); System.out.println("<< MAIN METHOD (End) >>\n"); } }

HCL
//example program for thread join
public class join1 implements Runnable { private int currentThread = 0; private int countDown = 5; public join1(int curThread) { this.currentThread = curThread; System.out.println("\nConstructing thread (" + curThread + ")...\n"); } public void run() { System.out.println("[ Starting New Thread ] : The name of this thread is " + Thread.currentThread().getName()); System.out.println("=========================================="); System.out.println(); if (currentThread == 1) { while (true) { System.out.println(" - Thread " + currentThread + " ( Current Countdown = " + countDown + " )"); for (int j = 0; j < 300000000; j++) { // This is a test... } if (--countDown == 0) { System.out.println("\nEnding thread " + currentThread + "...\n"); break; } } return; } if (currentThread == 2) {

HCL
while (true) { System.out.println(" - Thread " + currentThread + " ( Current Countdown = " + countDown + " )"); for (int j = 0; j < 100000000; j++) { // This is a test... } if (--countDown == 0) { System.out.println("\nEnding thread " + currentThread + "...\n"); break; } } return; } } private static void doThreadTest() throws java.lang.InterruptedException { //Start the first thread of control and name it "Thread //1". Thread th1 = new Thread(new join1(1)); th1.setName("gopi krishnaji"); th1.start(); // Lets take a little break... Thread.sleep(1000); // Create a second thread of control and name it "Thread 2". Thread th2 = new Thread(new join1(2)); th2.setName("alagappan"); th2.start(); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Both threads have been started...."); System.out.println("Will now wait until both threads are completed..."); System.out.println(); // th1.join();

HCL
// th2.join(); System.out.println("All working threads are complete...\n"); } public static void main(String[] args) throws java.lang.InterruptedException { System.out.println("\n<< MAIN METHOD (Begin) >>"); doThreadTest(); System.out.println("<< MAIN METHOD (End) >>\n"); } }

//Synchronization Example 1
public class SyncExample { private static lockObject = new Object(); private static class Thread1 extends Thread { public void run() { synchronized (lockObject) { x = y = 0; System.out.println(x); } } } private static class Thread2 extends Thread { public void run() { synchronized (lockObject) { x = y = 1; System.out.println(y); } } }

HCL
public static void main(String[] args) { new Thread1().run(); new Thread2().run(); } }

//Synchronization Example 2
import java.io.*; class Account { int balance=1000; public synchronized void deposit( ) { try{ int deposit_amount; String s; int n; BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(System.in)); deposit_amount=Integer.parseInt( in.readLine()); balance += deposit_amount; } catch(java.io.IOException ioe) { ioe.printStackTrace(); } } public synchronized void withdraw( ) { try{ int deposit_amount; String s; int n; BufferedReader in =new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); deposit_amount=Integer.parseInt( in.readLine()); balance -= deposit_amount; } catch(java.io.IOException ioe) {

HCL
ioe.printStackTrace(); } } public synchronized void enquire( ) { System.out.println(balance); } } class MyThread implements Runnable { Account account; public MyThread (Account s) {account = s;} public void run() { account.deposit(); } } // end class MyThread class YourThread implements Runnable { Account account; public YourThread (Account s) { account = s;} public void run() { account.withdraw(); } } // end class YourThread class HerThread implements Runnable { Account account; public HerThread (Account s) { account = s; } public void run() {account.enquire(); } } // end class HerThread class InternetBankingSystem1 { public static void main(String [] args ) { Account accountObject = new Account (); Thread t1 = new Thread(new MyThread(accountObject)); Thread t2 = new Thread(new YourThread(accountObject)); Thread t3 = new Thread(new HerThread(accountObject)); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); // DO some other operation

HCL
} // end main() }

APPLET //Program that displays button import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class prg1 extends Applet { public void init() { Button b1=new Button(); Button b2=new Button("india"); Button b3=new Button(); Button b4=new Button(); b2.getText(); b3.setLabel("welcome"); b4.setLabel(b2.getLabel()); add(b1); add(b2); add(b3); add(b4); } } //<applet code="prg1.class" width=600 height=400> </applet>

//program that uses button class methods

import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class prg1 extends Applet { public void init() {

HCL
Button b1=new Button(); Button b2=new Button("india"); Button b3=new Button(); Button b4=new Button(); b1.setBackground( Color.RED ); b2.setBackground(Color.green); b2.getText(); b3.setLabel("welcome"); String s; s=b2.getLabel(); b4.setLabel(s); add(b1); add(b2); add(b3); add(b4); } } //<applet code="prg1.class" width=600 height=400> </applet>

//using Color class to change background color

import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class prg3 extends Applet { public void init() { Button b=new Button("welcome to colors"); Color c=new Color(157,197,134); b.setBackground(c); add(b); } } //<applet code="prg3" width=600 height=400> </applet>

HCL
//demo program for Label class
import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class prg4 extends Applet { public void init() { Label l=new Label(); // or Label l=new Label("click this button"); Button b=new Button("happy"); l.setAlignment(Label.LEFT); // or l.setAlignment(Label.CENTER); or l.setAlignment(Label.RIGHT); l.setBackground(Color.red); l.setText("welcome"); setBackground(Color.green); add(l); add(b); } } //<applet code="prg4" width=700 height=750> </applet>

//using Label class methods

import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class label extends Applet { public void init() { Label l=new Label(); // or Label l=new Label("enter your name"); Label l1=new Label("enter your name",Label.LEFT); Label l2=new Label("enter your name",Label.CENTER ); Label l3=new Label("enter your name",Label.RIGHT);

HCL
l.setAlignment(Label.RIGHT); l.setBackground(Color.red); l.setForeground(Color.WHITE); add(l); add(l1); add(l2); add(l3); } } //<applet code="label.class" width=600 height=400></applet>

//program that uses TextField class

import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class prg5 extends Applet { public void init() { TextField t1=new TextField();//or TextField t1=new TextField("enter your name"); TextField t2=new TextField(20); TextField t3=new TextField(20); TextField t4=new TextField(20); t1.setColumns(25); t1.setBackground(Color.cyan); t2.setEchoChar('!'); t3.setText("india"); t4.setText(t3.getText()); t4.setEditable(false); t3.setVisible(false); //or t3.hide(); add(l); add(t1); add(t2); add(t3); add(t4); }

HCL
} //<applet code="prg5" width=700 height=750> </applet>

//program to use TextArea class

import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class prg6 extends Applet { public void init() { String s="zslzs \nsn sdg asdg asdg asd g\nasdff asdg asdg asd g\n \n"; TextArea ta=new TextArea();//or TextArea ta=new TextArea("hello");or TextArea ta=new TextArea(s); TextArea ta2=new TextArea(4,4); TextArea ta3=new TextArea(s,5,6); TextArea ta4=new TextArea(s,5,6,TextArea.SCROLLBARS_NONE); ta.insert("welcome to java",24); ta.replaceRange("happy birthday",2,4); add(ta); add(ta2);add(ta3);add(ta4); } } //<applet code="prg6" width=700 height=750> </applet>

//program for using TextArea class methods

import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class prg7 extends Applet { public void init() { TextArea ta=new TextArea("welcome to textarea",10,40); ta.setEditable(false);// or ta.setEditable(true);

HCL
ta.setEnabled(false); // or ta.setEnabled(true); add(ta); add(t); } } //<applet code="prg7" width=700 height=750> </applet>

//using Font class in TextField

import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; public class ta extends Applet { public void init() { TextField t=new TextField(); TextArea ta=new TextArea("apple",10,30,TextArea.SCROLLBARS_NONE); ta.setForeground(Color.red); Font f=new Font("Comic Sans MS",Font.HANGING_BASELINE,20); ta.setFont(f); t.setForeground(ta.getForeground()); add(ta); add(t); } } //<applet code="ta.class" width=600 height=400></applet>

//demo program that uses checkbox

import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class checkbox extends Applet { public void init() { Checkbox c1=new Checkbox(); Checkbox c2=new Checkbox("soccer"); Checkbox c3=new Checkbox("cricket",true); add(c1); add(c2); add(c3); }

HCL
} //<applet code="checkbox.class" width=600 height=500></applet>

//using radio button

import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class radio extends Applet { public void init() { CheckboxGroup cbg1=new CheckboxGroup(); CheckboxGroup cbg2=new CheckboxGroup(); Checkbox c1=new Checkbox("male",false,cbg1); Checkbox c2=new Checkbox("female",false,cbg1); Checkbox c3=new Checkbox("pass",true,cbg2); Checkbox c4=new Checkbox("fail",true,cbg2); add(c1); add(c2); add(c3); add(c4); } } //<applet code="radio.class" width=600 height=500></applet>

//using choice control

import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class choice extends Applet { public void init() { Choice l=new Choice(); l.add("red"); l.add("green"); l.add("blue");

HCL
l.add("orange"); l.add("white"); l.add("black"); l.add("light orange"); l.add("light white"); l.add("light black"); l.add("light red"); l.add("light green"); l.add("light blue"); l.select(5); add(l); } } //<applet code="choice.class" width=900 height=700></applet>

//program that uses List class

import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class list extends Applet { public void init() { List l=new List(); //or List l=new List(8); or List l=new List(8,true); l.add("red"); l.add("green"); l.add("blue"); l.add("orange"); l.add("white"); l.add("black"); l.add("light orange"); l.add("light white"); l.add("light black"); l.add("light red"); l.add("light green"); l.add("light blue"); l.select(5); add(l); } }

HCL
//<applet code="list.class" width=900 height=700></applet>

//using scrollbar-Type I
import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class scroll extends Applet { public void init() { setLayout(null); Scrollbar s=new Scrollbar();//or Scrollbar s=new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.VERTICAL); s.setBounds(0,0,50,1000); add(s); } } //<applet code="scroll.class" width=900 height=700></applet>

//using scrollbar-Type II
import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class scroll extends Applet { public void init() { setLayout(null); Scrollbar sb=new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.VERTICAL,150,20,1,300); //orientation, init val , thumbsize ,min, max, sb.setBounds(0,0,50,1000); add(sb); } } //<applet code="scroll.class" width=900 height=700></applet>

HCL
//following programs shows the different method in Graphics class //prg1
import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class paint extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { Font f=new Font(Arial,Font.BOLD,30); g.setFont(f); g.setColor(Color.red); g.drawString("happy friday",300,200); } } //<applet code="paint.class" width=900 height=700></applet>

//prg2
import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class paint extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawLine(50,50,100,100); g.drawRect(150,150,50,75); //or g.drawRoundRect(150,150,50,75,5,5); } } //<applet code="paint.class" width=900 height=700></applet>

//prg3
import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class paint extends Applet {

HCL
public void paint(Graphics g) { g.fillRect(250,250,100,75); //or g.fillRoundRect(250,250,100,75,5,5); g.clearRect(260,260,10,10); g.copyArea(270,270,10,100,300,300); g.drawOval(100,500,150,100); } } //<applet code="paint.class" width=900 height=1000></applet>

//prg4
import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class paint extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawOval(100,100,150,100); // or g.fillOval(100,100,150,100); } } //<applet code="paint.class" width=900 height=1000></applet>

//prg5
import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class paint extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawArc(20,50,80,80,0,85); // or g.fillArc(20,50,80,80,0,85); } } //<applet code="paint.class" width=900 height=1000></applet>

HCL

//prg6
import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class img extends Applet { Image img; public void init() { img=getImage(getCodeBase(),"xyz.jpg"); } public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawImage(img,100,100,this); } } //<applet code="img.java" width=700 height=600></applet>

//prg7
/*<applet code ="a13" height = 300 width = 500> </applet>*/ //drawing lines import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class a13 extends Applet { int width, height; public void init() { width = getSize().width; height = getSize().height; setBackground( Color.black ); }

HCL
public void paint( Graphics g ) { g.setColor( Color.green ); for ( int i = 0; i < 10; ++i ) { g.drawLine( width, height, i * width / 10, 0 ); } }}

//prg8
/*<applet code = "a21" height = 600 width = 300> </applet>*/ import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class a21 extends Applet implements Runnable { int width, height; int i = 0; Thread t = null; boolean threadSuspended; // Executed when the applet is first created. public void init() { System.out.println("init(): begin"); width = getSize().width; height = getSize().height; setBackground( Color.black ); System.out.println("init(): end"); } // Executed when the applet is destroyed. public void destroy() { System.out.println("destroy()"); } // Executed after the applet is created; and also whenever // the browser returns to the page containing the applet. public void start() { System.out.println("start(): begin"); if ( t == null ) { System.out.println("start(): creating thread"); t = new Thread( this );

HCL
System.out.println("start(): starting thread"); threadSuspended = false; t.start(); } else { if ( threadSuspended ) { threadSuspended = false; System.out.println("start(): notifying thread"); synchronized( this ) { notify(); } } } System.out.println("start(): end"); } // Executed whenever the browser leaves the page containing the applet. public void stop() { System.out.println("stop(): begin"); threadSuspended = true; } // Executed within the thread that this applet created. public void run() { System.out.println("run(): begin"); try { while (true) { System.out.println("run(): awake"); // Here's where the thread does some work ++i; // this is shorthand for "i = i+1;" if ( i == 10 ) { i = 0; } showStatus( "i is " + i ); // Now the thread checks to see if it should suspend itself if ( threadSuspended ) { synchronized( this ) { while ( threadSuspended ) { System.out.println("run(): waiting"); wait();

HCL
} } } System.out.println("run(): requesting repaint"); repaint(); System.out.println("run(): sleeping"); t.sleep( 1000 ); // interval given in milliseconds } } catch (InterruptedException e) { } System.out.println("run(): end"); } // Executed whenever the applet is asked to redraw itself. public void paint( Graphics g ) { System.out.println("paint()"); g.setColor( Color.green ); g.drawLine( width, height, i * width / 10, 0 ); } }

EVENTS AND LISTENER //demo program1 for ActionListener using Button

import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class button extends Applet implements ActionListener { Button b; public void init() { b=new Button("click me"); b.addActionListener(this); add(b); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)

HCL
{ showStatus("you pressed the button"); } } //<applet code="button" width=700 height=600></applet>

//demo program2 for ActionListener using Button and TextField

import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class button2 extends Applet implements ActionListener { Button b1,b2,b3,b4; TextField t1,t2,t3; public void init() { t1=new TextField(10); t2=new TextField(10); t3=new TextField(10); b1=new Button("+"); b1.addActionListener(this); b2=new Button("-"); b2.addActionListener(this); b3=new Button("*"); b3.addActionListener(this); b4=new Button("/"); b4.addActionListener(this); add(t1); add(t2); add(b1);add(b2);add(b3);add(b4); add(t3); }

HCL
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { String s; int a,b,c; s=ae.getActionCommand(); if(s.equals("+")) { a=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText()); b=Integer.parseInt(t2.getText()); c=a+b; t3.setText(String.valueOf(c)); } else if(s.equals("-")) { a=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText()); b=Integer.parseInt(t2.getText()); c=a-b; t3.setText(String.valueOf(c)); } else if(s.equals("*")) { a=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText()); b=Integer.parseInt(t2.getText()); c=a*b; t3.setText(String.valueOf(c)); } else { a=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText()); b=Integer.parseInt(t2.getText()); c=a/b; t3.setText(String.valueOf(c)); } } } //<applet code="button2" width=700 height=600></applet>

//demo program3 for ActionListener using Button and TextField

HCL
/*<applet code ="a8" height = 600 width = 300> </applet>*/ import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class a8 extends Applet implements ActionListener { TextField t; Button b; public void init() { t= new TextField(20); add(t); b=new Button("click me"); add (b); b.addActionListener(this); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { String msg=new String("Welcome to USA"); if(e.getSource() == b) { t.setText(msg); } } }

//demo program for FocusListener using TextField

import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class focus extends Applet implements FocusListener { TextField t1,t2,t3; public void init() { t1=new TextField(10);

HCL
t2=new TextField(10); t3=new TextField(10); add(t1); add(t2); add(t3); t3.addFocusListener(this); } public void focusGained(FocusEvent ae) { int a,b,c; a=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText()); b=Integer.parseInt(t2.getText()); c=a+b; t3.setText(String.valueOf(c)); } public void focusLost(FocusEvent ae) { } } //<applet code="focus" width=700 height=600></applet>

//demo program for MouseListener and MouseMotionListener

/*<applet code = "a18" height = 600 width = 300> </applet>*/ import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class a18 extends Applet implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener { int width, height; int mx, my; // the mouse coordinates boolean isButtonPressed = false;

HCL
public void init() { width = getSize().width; height = getSize().height; setBackground( Color.black ); mx = width/2; my = height/2; addMouseListener( this ); addMouseMotionListener( this ); } public void mouseEntered( MouseEvent e ) { // called when the pointer enters the applet's rectangular area showStatus("mouse entered"); } public void mouseExited( MouseEvent e ) { // called when the pointer leaves the applet's rectangular area showStatus("mouse exited"); } public void mouseClicked( MouseEvent e ) { // called after a press and release of a mouse button // with no motion in between // (If the user presses, drags, and then releases, there will be // no click event generated.) showStatus("mouse clicked"); } public void mousePressed( MouseEvent e ) { // called after a button is pressed down isButtonPressed = true; setBackground( Color.gray ); repaint(); // "Consume" the event so it won't be processed in the // default manner by the source which generated it. e.consume(); } public void mouseReleased( MouseEvent e ) { // called after a button is released isButtonPressed = false; setBackground( Color.black ); repaint(); e.consume(); }

HCL
public void mouseMoved( MouseEvent e ) { // called during motion when no buttons are down mx = e.getX(); my = e.getY(); showStatus( "Mouse at (" + mx + "," + my + ")" ); repaint(); e.consume(); } public void mouseDragged( MouseEvent e ) { // called during motion with buttons down mx = e.getX(); my = e.getY(); showStatus( "Mouse at (" + mx + "," + my + ")" ); repaint(); e.consume(); } public void paint( Graphics g ) { if ( isButtonPressed ) { g.setColor( Color.black ); } else { g.setColor( Color.gray ); } g.fillRect( mx-20, my-20, 40, 40 ); } }

//demo program for KeyListener

/*<applet code = "ab" height = 500 width = 500 > </applet>*/ /*press a key to see the display on the screen*/ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.applet.*; public class ab extends Applet implements KeyListener { int i; String s=""; String s1="";

HCL
public void init() { addKeyListener(this); requestFocus(); } public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { i=e.getKeyCode(); s=e.getKeyText(i); repaint(); } public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) { i = e.getKeyCode(); s =e.getKeyText(i); repaint(); } public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) { } public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawString(s,30,10); g.drawString(s1,60,10); } }

//demo program to combine KeyListener and MouseListener

//keyboard Event /*<applet code = "a19" height = 600 width = 300> </applet>*/ import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class a19 extends Applet implements KeyListener, MouseListener {

HCL
int width, height; int x, y; String s = ""; public void init() { width = getSize().width; height = getSize().height; setBackground( Color.black ); x = width/2; y = height/2; addKeyListener( this ); addMouseListener( this ); } public void keyPressed( KeyEvent e ) { showStatus("key pressed"); } public void keyReleased( KeyEvent e ) { showStatus("key released"); } public void keyTyped( KeyEvent e ) { char c = e.getKeyChar(); if ( c != KeyEvent.CHAR_UNDEFINED ) { s = s + c; repaint(); e.consume(); } } public void mouseEntered( MouseEvent e ) { } public void mouseExited( MouseEvent e ) { } public void mousePressed( MouseEvent e ) { } public void mouseReleased( MouseEvent e ) { } public void mouseClicked( MouseEvent e ) { x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); s = ""; repaint();

HCL
e.consume(); } public void paint( Graphics g ) { g.setColor( Color.gray ); g.drawLine( x, y, x, y-10 ); g.drawLine( x, y, x+10, y ); g.setColor( Color.green ); g.drawString( s, x, y ); } }

//program for AdjustmentListener

import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class xyz extends Applet implements AdjustmentListener { Scrollbar sb1,sb2,sb3; public void init() { setLayout(null); sb1=new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.VERTICAL,1,10,0,255); sb2=new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.VERTICAL,1,10,0,255); sb3=new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.VERTICAL,1,10,0,255); sb1.setBounds(300,50,50,300); sb2.setBounds(400,50,50,300); sb3.setBounds(500,50,50,300); sb1.addAdjustmentListener(this); sb2.addAdjustmentListener(this); sb3.addAdjustmentListener(this); add(sb1); add(sb2); add(sb3); } public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent ae) {

HCL
repaint(); } public void paint(Graphics g) { int x,y,z; x=sb1.getValue(); y=sb2.getValue(); z=sb3.getValue(); Color c=new Color(x,y,z); setBackground(c); } } //<applet code="xyz.class" width=700 height=700></applet>

//program for ItemListener using Checkbox

import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class xyz2 extends Applet implements ItemListener { Checkbox c1,c2,c3; public void init() { c1=new Checkbox("red"); c2=new Checkbox("green"); c3=new Checkbox("blue"); c1.addItemListener(this); c2.addItemListener(this); c2.addItemListener(this); add(c1); add(c2); add(c3); } public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie) {

HCL
repaint(); } public void paint(Graphics g) { showStatus("red= "+c1.getState()+" green= "+c2.getState()+" blue=" +c3.getState()); } } //<applet code="xyz2.class" width=700 height=700></applet>

//program for ItemListener using CheckboxGroup-radio button

import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class xyz3 extends Applet implements ItemListener { Checkbox c1,c2,c3; CheckboxGroup cbg; public void init() { cbg=new CheckboxGroup(); c1=new Checkbox("red",false,cbg); c2=new Checkbox("green",false,cbg); c3=new Checkbox("blue",false,cbg); c1.addItemListener(this); c2.addItemListener(this); c3.addItemListener(this); add(c1); add(c2); add(c3); } public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie) { if(cbg.getSelectedCheckbox().getLabel().equals("red")) setBackground(Color.red); else if(cbg.getSelectedCheckbox().getLabel().equals("green"))

HCL
setBackground(Color.green); else setBackground(Color.blue); } } //<applet code="xyz3.class" width=700 height=500></applet>

//program for ItemListener using Choice and TextField

import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class xyz3 extends Applet implements ItemListener { Choice c1; TextField t; public void init() { c1=new Choice(); t=new TextField(20); c1.add("india"); c1.add("japan"); c1.add("canada"); c1.add("usa"); c1.add("srilanka"); c1.addItemListener(this); add(t); add(c1); } public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie) { t.setText(c1.getSelectedItem()); } } //<applet code="xyz3.class" width=700 height=500></applet>

//program for ActionListener using List

HCL
import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class xyz4 extends Applet implements ActionListener { List l1; public void init() { l1=new List(); l1.add("red"); l1.add("green"); l1.add("blue"); l1.add("cyan"); l1.add("black"); l1.addActionListener(this); add(l1); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { String s=l1.getSelectedItem(); if(s.equals("red")) setBackground(Color.red); else if(s.equals("green")) setBackground(Color.green); else if(s.equals("blue")) setBackground(Color.blue); else if(s.equals("cyan")) setBackground(Color.blue); else if(s.equals("black")) setBackground(Color.black); } } //<applet code="xyz4.class" width=700 height=500></applet>

LAYOUT

HCL
//program for FlowLayout
/*<applet code = "app2b.class" HEIGHT = 300 WIDTH = 300> </applet>*/ import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.lang.*; public class app2b extends Applet implements ItemListener{ String s = ""; Checkbox c1, c2, c3; public void init() { setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); c1 = new Checkbox("apple", null, true); c2= new Checkbox("Orange"); c3= new Checkbox("Grapes"); add(c1); add(c2); add(c3); c1.addItemListener(this); c2.addItemListener(this); c3.addItemListener(this); } public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) { repaint(); } public void paint(Graphics g) { s = " apple is : " + c1.getState(); g.drawString(s, 6,80); s= "Orange is :" + c2.getState(); g.drawString(s, 6,100); s="Grapes : " +c3.getState(); g.drawString(s, 6,120); //g.drawString(c4.getState(), 6,140); } }

HCL
// program for BorderLayout
/*<applet code = "app2a.class" HEIGHT = 300 WIDTH = 300> </applet>*/ import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; import java.util.*; public class app2a extends Applet { public void init() { setLayout(new BorderLayout()); add(new Button("This is on the top"),BorderLayout.NORTH); add(new Label("Footer"),BorderLayout.SOUTH); add(new Button("RIGHT"),BorderLayout.EAST); add(new Button("LEFT"),BorderLayout.WEST); add(new Button("six")); } }

// program for GridLayout

/*<applet code = "app2c.class" HEIGHT = 300 WIDTH = 300> </applet>*/ import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class app2c extends Applet { static final int n = 4; public void init() { setLayout(new GridLayout(n, n)); setFont(new Font("sansSerif", Font.BOLD, 24)); for(int i = 0; i<n;i++) { for(int j=0; j < n ; j++) { int k = i * n + j ; if( k > 0) add(new Button("" + k)); }

HCL
} } }

// program for CardLayout

import java.awt.*; import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.event.*; /* This applet demonstrates using the CardLayout manager. Pressing one of three buttons will cause a different "card" to be displayed. */ //<applet code=card1 width=600 height=500></applet> public class card1 extends Applet implements ActionListener { Panel cardPanel; // the container that will hold the various "cards" Panel firstP, secondP, thirdP; // each of these panels will constitute the "cards" Panel buttonP; // panel to hold three buttons Button first, second, third; // the three buttons CardLayout ourLayout; // the card layout object public void init() { //create cardPanel which is the panel that will contain the three "cards" cardPanel = new Panel(); //create the CardLayout object ourLayout = new CardLayout(); //set card Panel's layout to be our Card Layout cardPanel.setLayout (ourLayout); //create three dummy panels (the "cards") to show firstP = new Panel(); firstP.setBackground(Color.blue); secondP = new Panel(); secondP.setBackground(Color.yellow); thirdP = new Panel(); thirdP.setBackground(Color.green);

HCL
//create three buttons and add ActionListener first = new Button("First"); first.addActionListener(this); second = new Button("Second"); second.addActionListener(this); third = new Button("Third"); third.addActionListener(this); //create Panel for the buttons and add the buttons to it buttonP = new Panel(); // Panel's default Layout manager is FlowLayout buttonP.add(first); buttonP.add(second); buttonP.add(third); //setLayout for applet to be BorderLayout this.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); //button Panel goes South, card panels go Center this.add(buttonP, BorderLayout.SOUTH); this.add(cardPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER); // add the three card panels to the card panel container // method takes 1.) an Object (the card) 2.) an identifying String // first one added is the visible one when applet appears cardPanel.add(firstP, "First"); //blue cardPanel.add(secondP, "Second"); //yellow cardPanel.add(thirdP, "Third"); //green } //-----------------------------------// respond to Button clicks by showing the so named Panel // note use of the CardLayout method show(Container, "identifying string") public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { if (e.getSource() == first) ourLayout.show(cardPanel, "First"); if (e.getSource() == second)

HCL
ourLayout.show(cardPanel, "Second"); if (e.getSource() == third) ourLayout.show(cardPanel, "Third"); } } // end class

FRAME //simple Frame

import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class frame2 extends Frame { public frame2() { setSize(300,300); show(); } } public static void main(String args[]) { frame2 d=new frame2(); } } //sample Frame import java.awt.*; public class frame2 extends Frame { public frame2(String s) { super(s); setSize(300,300); show(); }

HCL
public static void main(String args[]) { frame2 d=new frame2("welcome to java"); } }

//Events and Listeners using Frame

import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; class xyz extends Frame implements ActionListener { Button b; public xyz() { setLayout(new FlowLayout()); b=new Button("dispose"); b.addActionListener(this); add(b); setBounds(200,200,300,300); show(); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { dispose(); } } public class frame1 extends Frame implements ActionListener { Button b1,b2; xyz x; public frame1() { setLayout(new FlowLayout()); b1=new Button("create"); b2=new Button("dispose"); b1.addActionListener(this); b2.addActionListener(this);

HCL
add(b1); add(b2); setSize(300,300); show(); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { if(ae.getActionCommand().equals("create")) x=new xyz(); else if(ae.getActionCommand().equals("dispose")) { dispose(); System.exit(0); } } public static void main(String args[]) { frame1 d=new frame1(); } }

//using Frame in Applet

import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class frames extends Applet { Frame window = new Frame("This is the Frame's Title Bar!"); Button btn = new Button("Create a new Frame"); public void init() { add(new Label("Hit this button to")); add(btn); add(new Label(".")); add(new Label("The new Frame is independent of the applet.")); add(new Label("You can maximize and minimize it by using")); add(new Label("the buttons on the top right or the control icon."));

HCL
add(new Label("on the top left. You will not be able to close it.")); add(new Label("You must use the applet's button to do that.")); add(new Label("In order to handle Frame events you need to ")); add(new Label("create a separate class for it.")); window.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); window.add(new Label("This is the Frame.")); window.add(new Label("You can resize it, move it")); window.add(new Label("and perform other Windows operations.")); } public boolean action(Event evt, Object whatAction) { if((evt.target instanceof Button)) { String buttonLabel = (String) whatAction; if (buttonLabel == "Destroy the Frame") { window.hide(); window.dispose(); btn.setLabel("Create a new Frame"); return true; } if (buttonLabel == "Create a new Frame") { window.resize(300,200); window.show(); btn.setLabel("Destroy the Frame"); return true; } } return false; } } /*<applet code="frames.class" height = 300 width=500> </applet>*/

//using window object in Frame

HCL
import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; public class frames2 extends Applet { Frame window = new demoframe("This is the first frame."); public void init() { window.show(); add(new Label("Hit this button to")); add(new Button("Create another Frame")); } public boolean action(Event evt, Object whatAction) { if((evt.target instanceof Button)) { String buttonLabel = (String) whatAction; if (buttonLabel == "Create another Frame") { Frame window = new demoframe("This is another frame."); window.show(); } } return false; } } class demoframe extends Frame { demoframe(String title) { super(title); MenuBar topbar = new MenuBar(); setLayout(new FlowLayout()); setMenuBar(topbar); Menu fileMenu = new Menu("File"); topbar.add(fileMenu); fileMenu.add("Quit"); add(new Label("Use the File menu to close this Window."));

HCL
resize(300,100); } public boolean action(Event evt, Object whatAction) { if (evt.target instanceof MenuItem) { if ((String)whatAction == "Quit") { hide(); dispose(); return true; } } return false; } public boolean handleEvent(Event evt) { if (evt.id == Event.WINDOW_DESTROY) { hide(); dispose(); return true; } return super.handleEvent(evt); } } /*<applet code="frames2.class" height=500 width=500> </applet>*/

//Menu using Frame

import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class menu extends Frame implements ActionListener { public menu(String s) { super(s); MenuBar mb=new MenuBar(); setMenuBar(mb); Menu file=new Menu("File");

HCL
Menu edit=new Menu("Edit"); Menu format=new Menu("Format"); MenuItem New=new MenuItem("New"); MenuItem Open=new MenuItem("Open..."); MenuItem Save=new MenuItem("Save"); MenuItem Save_As=new MenuItem("Save As..."); MenuItem hyphen1=new MenuItem("-"); MenuItem page_setup=new MenuItem("Page Setup"); MenuItem print=new MenuItem("Print"); MenuItem hyphen2=new MenuItem("-"); MenuItem exit=new MenuItem("exit"); exit.addActionListener(this); file.add(New); file.add(Open); file.add(Save); file.add(Save_As); file.add(hyphen1); file.add(page_setup);file.add(print); file.add(hyphen2); file.add(exit); mb.add(file); mb.add(edit); mb.add(format); setBounds(10,10,400,300); setVisible(true); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { dispose(); System.exit(0); } public static void main(String args[]) { menu m=new menu("our own menu"); } }

JDBC

HCL
//program to connect with database
import java.sql.*; public class ConnectionTest { public static void main(String args[]) { Connection c; try { // LOAD THE DRIVER HERE AT RUNTIME Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { // THIS EXCEPTION SHOULD BE CAUGHT DEFINITELY System.out.println("Driver not found"); } try { System.out.println("Connecting to database"); c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:sun"); System.out.println("Connected successfully"); c.close(); System.out.println("Connection closed"); } catch(SQLException e) { System.out.println("Error in connecting to database"); } } }

//demo program for using sql query

import java.sql.*; public class PreparedStatementTest { public static void main(String args[]) { Connection c; PreparedStatement p; ResultSet r;

HCL
String stuid, stuname; Date dob; double avg, cavg=0; if(args.length < 1) { System.out.println("Enter avg range"); System.exit(0); } else { cavg = Double.parseDouble(args[0]); } try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("Driver not found"); } try { c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:Student", "", ""); p = c.prepareCall("SELECT STUID, STUNAME, DOB, AVG " + "FROM STUDENTS WHERE AVG < ?"); p.setDouble(1, cavg); r = p.executeQuery(); while(r.next()) { stuid = r.getString(1); stuname = r.getString(2); dob = r.getDate(3); avg = r.getDouble(4); System.out.println(stuid + ", " + stuname + ", " + dob + ", " + avg); } p.close(); c.close(); } catch(SQLException e) { System.out.println("SQL Error:\n" + e); } }

HCL
}

//program1 that uses resultset

import java.sql.*; public class ScrollResultSetTest { public static void main(String args[]) { Connection c; Statement s; ResultSet r; String stuid, stuname; Date dob; double avg; try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("Driver not found"); } try { c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:Student", "Admin", ""); s = c.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY); r = s.executeQuery("SELECT STUID, STUNAME, DOB, AVG " + "FROM STUDENTS"); System.out.println("\nFirst Record to Last Record:"); while(r.next()) { stuid = r.getString(1); stuname = r.getString(2); dob = r.getDate(3); avg = r.getDouble(4); System.out.println(stuid + ", " + stuname + ", " + dob + ", " + avg); } System.out.println("\nLast Record to First Record:");

HCL
while(r.previous()) { stuid = r.getString(1); stuname = r.getString(2); dob = r.getDate(3); avg = r.getDouble(4); System.out.println(stuid + ", " + stuname + ", " + dob + ", " + avg); } s.close(); c.close(); } catch(SQLException e) { System.out.println("SQL Error:\n" + e); } } }

//program2 that uses resultset

import java.sql.*; public class StatementTest { public static void main(String args[]) { Connection c; Statement s; ResultSet r; String stuid, stuname; Date dob; double avg; try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("Driver not found"); }

HCL
try { c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:Student", "Admin", ""); s = c.createStatement(); r = s.executeQuery("SELECT STUID, STUNAME, DOB, AVG " + "FROM STUDENTS"); while(r.next()) { stuid = r.getString(1); stuname = r.getString(2); dob = r.getDate(3); avg = r.getDouble(4); System.out.println(stuid + ", " + stuname + ", " + dob + ", " + avg); } s.close(); c.close(); } catch(SQLException e) { System.out.println("SQL Error:\n" + e); } } }

//program1 to do the transactions using sql query

import java.sql.*; public class Transaction1 { public static void main(String args[]) { Connection c; Statement s; try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("Driver not found"); }

HCL
try { c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:Student", "Admin", ""); c.setAutoCommit(false); s = c.createStatement(); s.execute("DELETE FROM STUDENTS WHERE STUID = '1000'"); c.commit(); System.out.println("DELETE Committed"); c.close(); } catch(SQLException e) { System.out.println("SQL Error:\n" + e); } } }

//program2 to do the transactions using sql query

import java.sql.*; public class Transaction2 { public static void main(String args[]) { Connection c; Statement s; try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("Driver not found"); } try { c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:Student", "Admin", ""); c.setAutoCommit(false); s = c.createStatement(); s.execute("DELETE FROM STUDENTS WHERE STUID = '1000'");

HCL
c.rollback(); System.out.println("DELETE Rolled Back"); s.execute("DELETE FROM STUDENTS WHERE STUID = '1003'"); c.commit(); System.out.println("One Row Deleted"); c.close(); } catch(SQLException e) { System.out.println("SQL Error:\n" + e); } } }

//program1 for updating the database

import java.sql.*; public class UpdatableResultSetTest { public static void main(String args[]) { Connection c; Statement s; ResultSet r; String stuid, stuname; Date dob; double avg; try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("Driver not found"); } try { c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:Student", "Admin", ""); s = c.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE); r = s.executeQuery("SELECT STUID, STUNAME, DOB, AVG " + "FROM STUDENTS");

HCL
r.last(); r.updateString(1, "1000"); r.updateString(2, "SCOTT"); r.updateDate(3, new Date(1986, 4, 8)); r.updateDouble(4, 90.54); r.insertRow(); r.first(); do { stuid = r.getString(1); stuname = r.getString(2); dob = r.getDate(3); avg = r.getDouble(4); System.out.println(stuid + ", " + stuname + ", " + dob + ", " + avg); } while(r.next()); s.close(); c.close(); } catch(SQLException e) { System.out.println("SQL Error:\n" + e); } } }

//program2 for updating the database

import java.sql.*; // run: java UpdatableResultSetTest2 1000 public class UpdatableResultSetTest2 { public static void main(String args[]) { Connection c; Statement s; ResultSet r; String stuid, sstuid=null;

HCL
if(args.length == 0) { System.out.println("Enter Student ID"); System.exit(0); } else sstuid = args[0]; try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("Driver not found"); } try { c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:Student", "Admin", ""); s = c.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE); r = s.executeQuery("SELECT STUID, STUNAME, DOB, AVG " + "FROM STUDENTS"); r.first(); do { stuid = r.getString(1); if(stuid.equals(sstuid)) { r.deleteRow(); System.out.println("Row deleted"); } } while(r.next()); s.close(); c.close(); } catch(SQLException e) { System.out.println("SQL Error:\n" + e); } } }

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//program3 for updating the database
import java.sql.*; public class UpdatableResultSetTest3 { public static void main(String args[]) { Connection c; Statement s; ResultSet r; String stuid=null, sstuid=null; String nname=null; if(args.length < 2) { System.out.println("Enter Student ID, Name"); System.exit(0); } else { sstuid = args[0]; nname = args[1]; } try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("Driver not found"); } try { c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:Student", "Admin", ""); s = c.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE); r = s.executeQuery("SELECT STUID, STUNAME, DOB, AVG " + "FROM STUDENTS");

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r.first(); do { stuid = r.getString(1); if(stuid.equals(sstuid)) { r.updateString(2, nname); r.updateRow(); System.out.println("Row updated"); } } while(r.next()); s.close(); c.close(); } catch(SQLException e) { System.out.println("SQL Error:\n" + e); } } }