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commons vs crisis

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1. : Commons vs Crisis

. 4

2. Massimo De Angelis
,
: Commoning

. 25

3. Massimo de Angelis

. 64

4. Werner Bonefeld
:

. 73

5. Midnight Notes
:

. 96

6.

. 154

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1. : Commons vs Crisis

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22

: Commons vs Crisis

Bonefeld, W., 2001. 2009. Primitive Accumulation and Capitalist Accumulation:


Economic Categories and Social Constitution,
- 2010. History and Human Emancipation: Struggle, Uncertainty and
Openness, Journal of Socialist Theory Volume 38, Issue 1.
Caffentzis, G 2004. A Tale of Two Conferences: Globalization, the Crisis of
Neoliberalism and Question of the Commons.
- 2010. The Future Of The Commons: Neoliberalisms Plan B Or The Original
Disaccumulation Of Capital? New Formations. is. 69 imperial ecologies, pp
23-41.
Chandra P., Basu D., 2007. Neoliberalism and Primitive Accumulation in India,
The need to go beyond capital.
Coase, R.H., 1988. The Problem of Social Cost. In The firm, the market and
the Law. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
De Angelis, M., 2001. Marx and primitive accumulation: The continuous
character of capitals enclosures, Commoner n. 02.
- 2006. Enclosures, Commons and the Outside. Paper presented at the
annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Town & Country
Resort and Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA, Mar 22, 2006.
- 2009. The tragedy of the capitalist commons, turbulence 5, London:
turbulence.
- 2010 The Production of Commons and the Explosion of the Middle Class,
Antipode Vol. 42 No. 4 2010 pp 954977.
De Angelis, M. and Stavrides 2010. On the Commons, A Public Interview,
e-flux j. 17
Federici, S., 2011. Feminism And the Politics of the Commons, he
Commoner.
Hardin G. 1968. The tragedy of the commons, Science, 162: 1243-1248.
Harvey, D., 2011. The future of the commons, Radicale History Review issue
109.
Linebaugh, P., 2008. The Magna Carta Manifesto: Liberties and Commons for
All, University of California Press.
Luxemburg R., (1971) The Accumulation of Capital, London: Routledge and

23

commons vs crisis
Kegan Paul Ltd.
Marx K. [1867] 2009. , (. .), : .
- [1844] 1975, , (. . ), : .
Marx, K., Engels F. 1980. Die heilige Familie, MEW 2, Dietz, Berlin.
Midnight Notes Collective and Friends, 2009. Promissory Notes: From Crises
to Commons
Negri A 2008. commonwealth, (. .),
: .
Ostrom, E., [1990] 2002. , (.
.), : .

24

2. 1

: commoning . An Architektur
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1. : The
Commoner 2, 2001, http://www.commoner.org.
uk/02bonefeld.pdf, . , Athens
Indymedia (6 2005).
2. Werner Bonefeld York ,
Open Marxism
K (1991), What is to Be done (2002),
Subverting the Present, Imagine the Future (2010).
3. Massimo De Angelis
.

73

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75

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77

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(Marx, 1983, p. 585).


,
.9 ,

- (wage-labouring commodity).
,
, ,
.
Marx:
.

,
.
,

9. : Negt Kluge (1981).

80


, , .
, , , ,
, (Marx, 1983, pp. 77-8).
, ,
: .

.
, , .
, ,
, , .
,
, (Marx, 1973, p. 162).



(.., pp. 163-64).
, , , , ,
.
,
,
.
(cf. Negri, 1984)

, , ,

81

commons vs crisis
(Marx, 1983, p.
555). . ,
,
.
, [ ]
,
(..).

,
,

.
(Marx, 1963, p.
408). ,


(Gambino, 1996, p. 55).


- ,

-
, , ,
(Marx, 1973, pp. 452-53). (Marx, 1972,
p. 422). , Marx,
(..).
, Marx
, , , ,

82

, . ,
, (.. 422).


(.. p. 271).
, , . , . Marx
, [bildet] [Begriff]
(Marx, 1966, p. 246). (Marx, 1978, p. 116) ,

(Marx, 1983, p. 85). , ,
,
.10 , , -
(pre-positing) .11
: - ,


. ,
-

10. Holloway (1995).


11. Psychopedis (1992).

83

commons vs crisis

(Clarke, 1982, p. 80).12
, ,
.

. , ,


.
, ,
, ,
(
) (Marx, 1966, p. 246).
, , .
,
,
, .
,
, , , , ,
, ,
, [] . -
-

12. , Bonefeld (1993).

84


, ,
, , , , [ ]
, ...,
, (Marx,
1972, pp. 475-76).
. .
,
.
, ,
[] .
, [] , [
] , ,

, ,
, , , ,
,

(Marx, 1972, pp. 507-8).
, ,
,
[Dasein] . ,
,
,

85

commons vs crisis
. ,
(Marx, 1973, p. 458).
, , . ,
(..).
,

,

.

() () .13
Horkheimer (1985, p. 246),
.
, ,
. ,

, .


(Negri, 1992, p. 70).
,


.14
, ,

13. , , Brenner (1998),


.
14. Bonefeld (1999) Lebowitz (1999).

86

. Marx
: . ,
, ! , ,
, ,
,
,
a person apart.

(Marx/Engels, 1980, p. 98). Marx
(unreflected) :
. ,
Marcuse ,
,
(1988, p. 151).
, , . , ,

,

(Jessop, 1991).

- ,
:

(Negri, 1992, p. 70).
:

87

commons vs crisis
(Marx, 1972, p. 492)
, ,
(Marx, 1983, p. 555).

(.., p. 568)
,
.
, , ,
[ ]:
,
,
[]
, . ,
, sine qua non (.., pp. 535-36).
, ,
.
Marx,
,
(Marx, 1972 p. 272, Marx,
1983, p. 688).
(Marx, 1973, p. 507).

, (objectless labour) (.., p. 508).

,

88

. ,
- (.., p. 555)

.

(Urquhart, Marx, 1983, p.
343), , ,
[Mensch] (cf. Marx, 1977, p. 155). ,
,
,
(Marx, 1983,
p. 317).

.

(Marx, 1973, p. 399).
. , -,
.

. , ,
.15 -

15. ,
,
, . ,
(actual) ...

89

commons vs crisis
,
, ,
, Marx
. , (Gewalt),
, ,
,
, ,
, , ,
, , ,
.
, , ,
- . ,
(value form)
. (cf. Marx, 1973, p. 105).
, , ,

[Mensch], ,
,
...
[] .
,
, , , ,

(Marx, 1966, p. 820). Wildcat Holloway (Wildcat, 1999).

90

,

. .
,
(Dalla Costa, 1995a,
p. 21). -.

,
, .

(Dalla Costa, 1995a,b, Caffentzis, 1995)
.
- . (cf. Agnoli, 2000)
(cf.
Godelier, 2000),
. Marx (1983, p. 447)
, ... ,
.
:
.
. . , .

91

commons vs crisis
, ,
forces propres


(Marx, 1964, p. 370). Marx
,

.
. (, ,
)
-

(Marx and Engels, 1962, p. 74).
Adorno (1975, p. 44),
. , ,
.


.
. , ,
,
,
, (dignities)
,

(cf. Marx, 1983,p.85). , .

92


, ,
, (Marx,
1983, p. 309). , ,
, , ,
,
, (cf.
Marx, 1975, p. 182). ,
(object-less labour). , ,
.

.

Adorno, T. (1975), Gesellschaftstheorie und Kulturkritik,


Suhrkamp, Frankfurt.
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Plagrave, London.
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theory of Underdevelopment, Monthly Review Press, New York.
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Primitive Accumulation, Common Sense no. 8.
Bonefeld, W. (1993), Crisis of Theory, Capital & Class, no. 50.
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Class, Historical Materialism, no. 5.
Bonefeld, W. (2001), Labour, Capital and Primitive Accumulation:
Class and Constitution, forthcoming in Dinerstein, A. and M.
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Slavery?, Common Sense, no. 24.
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Common Sense no. 17.
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Suggested Reinterpretation
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Failure or Confirmation of Marxs View on the Transition from
One Form of Production and Society to Another?, in Bonefeld,
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London.
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Fischer, Frankfurt.
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and J. Holloway (eds) Post-Fordism and Social Form, Macmillan,
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Kritik, Frankfurt, 4th ed. 1985.
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Materialism, no. 4.
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94

London.
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Wishart, London.
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commons vs crisis

5. :
1

Midnight Notes2
.
.

,
, , .
:
2008 .

1. Promissory Notes: From Crisis to Commons,


Midnight Notes Collective 2009: http://www.midnightnotes.
org/Promissory%20Notes.pdf, -.
2. Midnight Notes Collective 1979
,
George Caffentzis, Silvia Federici, Ian Boal,
Peter Linebaugh, .., 3
, , , , , - ,
.
Midnight Notes Collective http://www.
midnightnotes.org/

96

: ,
, .

. , ,
.
. ,
, , , ,
.
,


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.
, .

, 2008 ( ).
.


;

,
.
,
. ,

97

commons vs crisis
,

[hedge-funds]
. , ,
,

.


.
21
19 ,
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(

).


. ,

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98

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.
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:

99

commons vs crisis
,
. ,
.

, ,
.
.
, .
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. (commoning).

.
5.
.
1. :

New Deal. ,

New Deal.
, .
, .

, . ,
-

100

,
. .

, , .
, ,
80 90.
,
. ,
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.
. ( ),
.

,
!
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.
-

101

commons vs crisis
,
.
,
( )
,
New Deal.
. , . ,
/
: , .
.. (
,
.)
. ,
New Deal.
New Deal )
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)
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.
. ,

30. (

102

..)
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60 70
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,
,
, . ,
,
. ,
( ) 70.
, 70
.
80
:
.
, .
30
,

.

, , .
, -

103

commons vs crisis

(
19 ). ,
: , ,
,
(. MN, 1997).
( )
,
( P.M, 1985) A-deal ( ),B-deal ( ) C-deal (
).

A-deal:
1981,
1985,
(
).
B-deal: ,
.
C-deal: ,

()
() .

104

, ,
.

,
.
.
,
90
sweatshops .
, 1997 .
,
.

.
,
. , hedgefunds .
,
. ,
( )
( ).


.
, .
-

105

commons vs crisis
( )
.
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:
/ 100%.
,
50%. ;

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106

.
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)
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. ,
.


. , ,
,
.
400% 1996-2006,
300% 1990-2005,
2000 2005.


.
.
1/10

100%.
1/5
. , ,
50%.
, ,
. -

107

commons vs crisis
, ,
1997, One
No and many Yeses (, 1997).
(
, )
.

.

, Gucci.


,
.
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.
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108

,
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,
(GM),

.
, .

, ,
Monet.

. ,
.

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,
... ;
.



;
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, -

109

commons vs crisis

.

,

.
,
, ,
.
, , , (
)
.
2. :
.
, ,

, :
. ,
, ;

.

30,
,
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110


, .
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, .

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(
, ...). ,
70, OPEC

.
()
1975

.

.
,
.
,
.

111

commons vs crisis

.

70 ,
,
,
.


. , :
1.
.
2.
/ .
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).
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.
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.
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112

() 1994. ,


.
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)
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)
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)
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) , , ,
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.


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,
.

1998-2008 (
, ).

, ,
,

113

commons vs crisis
,
.
2. 1999. ,

,
(, 2002). ,
. . , ,

, ,
:
(OPEC) . , , ,
.
( ). , ,

2011,
! ,
,

.

114

3.

1973.
,
70.
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,
, . ,
,

.
,
, .
, .
, 1997 (. , 1997).
,

,
.
4.
,
.
, -

115

commons vs crisis
.

, . , - (common
land) (
), .

. , ,
(Movement for
the Emancipation of the Niger Delta, MEND).

, . ,
, .
Hubbert.
5.
,
. ,
, .
/ / /


; / -

116

/
;
, ,
, .

:
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,
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.
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.

.
.
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.

117

commons vs crisis
,
.
,

/ /.
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.

.

,
. ,

, .
,
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),
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. ,
,
,
. ,
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, .
, 1.000.000

118

$1000 ,
!

.
, ,
. (

, )
. , ,
,
,
. , .
[intra-class], [omni-class],
[inter-class]
.
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-

119

commons vs crisis
.



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.

,
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,

.
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. ,

. 60
redlining . ,

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120

. (
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.
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121

commons vs crisis
, , offshore
!)
, ; ,
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;
,
(
) multipurpose (Citygroup),
(AIG), (BearStearns)
.
GM Chrysler
AIG,

.

,
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: ) ,
(
,
) ) ,
.

122


, Bubble Act 1720
, ,
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1929.

,
.

,
:
( )
,
, ,
. 21 ,
20 , (

);
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). . ,
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)
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, -

123

commons vs crisis
. ,
(
)
.


.
II.
, 19 ,
. 1860:
,
. ,
, .
. (

).

. ,
(
) , , , ,
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,
.
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124


,

. ,
.

,

. ,
19 ,

( ) .
, . .


(
30% ). ,
21 ,
[inter-class] ,
.
,
--,

. ,
. :
21
;

125

commons vs crisis

;

, , , , .
(
) ,
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, . ,
,
,
,
.

.
.
, .

:
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,
.
,
.
,
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,

.

126

III. : .
.
, 80. ,

,
70 ,
, (
). 1979
,
, .
,
80, , ,

,

().
,
,
, .
,


.
1997,

127

commons vs crisis

1980 1990. , ,
, .

80 2000.

, ,

,
.
,
Chiapas . ,

21 , (,
).
, ,
, /
, ,
.. .
( )
, ,
.
, ,
(.

). , ,
,

128

. ,

. ,
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1
.

.

, . ( ),
,
. (
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, .
,
,

.
jatropha ( ).

.


,

129

commons vs crisis
, ( )
,
. ,
.
, ,

. .
,
!
3.


.
( ,
). Republic
Windows and Doors ,
.

: City Life
. IAF
. ,
Take Back the Land

. ACORN
San Francisco Bay

130

. ,

.
,
. ,
, .

, .

,
.
, ,
,

, .

:
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,
(, ) (, , ).
, ,
, .
,
, -

131

commons vs crisis
, , 15
, G20,
. ,
BBVA. , Lehman
Brothers, Robin-Bank
38 ,
.
,
,

.
,
70% ,
.
, ,

: .
:
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, , .
4. :
.

132

. ,
, .
,
,
( )
.
,
(
) .

.
; , ,

.
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, , , , .
: . : !.
, ,

. ( )

, . .

133

commons vs crisis
(our common). ,
,
,

. , ,
,
,
. , ,

, .
,
,
,
.
.
,
, ,

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.
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134

* 37 .
*
.
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.
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.
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.
* .
. ,
.
, ,
, , .
( , ,
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(
, , , , )
( 13 14, Wagner Act,
Voting Rights Act ).
, , -

135

commons vs crisis
.

Rio Bravo.
, , ,
potencia (-) poder ().
(2005): ,

,
: , , , ,
, , , , , , , .
.
, ,
,
,
,
,
.
.

,
. ,
,
.
.
,
, .

136

: .
,
,
.
, 1970. .
,
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, , , ,
, .
:
,
.

.
.
, ,
(Tent Cities)
,
.
:
.

. , ,
,
, , ,

.

137

commons vs crisis
:

.
,
.
: ,
. ... !

,
,
, ,
business as usual.
:
.
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;
,
, ;
: , ,
. ,

.
, . :
* :

138

( )
(
, ).
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139

commons vs crisis
, , .
* ,

.
,
. ,
.
* : ...
5. .
, , ,
.
...
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).

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(
)
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140

. ( ) -,
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.
. ,
/
.

, .
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.

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,
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.
, ,
.
, , , .

141

commons vs crisis
(
. ) , (..
) . ,
, , ,

.
. MN
. Massimo de ngelis ,
, The beginning of History:
, , , ,
, , ,
,
, , (
). ,



,
,

. (DeAngelis, 2007: 227).
Chris Carlsson
Nautopia , :
,

142

, ,
, ,
, , (Carlsson, 2008:45).
,
,

.
, /
. ,
, . . ,
,

/
, ,
, .
, ,

,
, , , , .
2005,
, brador
PRD ( )
, ,
-

143

commons vs crisis
,
.
.
, . ,
, , , , ,
. ,
,

. , , , ,
, ,
.
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,
,
.

, ,
.

,
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144

).

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,
.
1. , ,
, , ,

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.
( ,
)
.
: , , , , , , (
) . (

, ).
/; ; ,

;
2.
, , . , ,
. .

145

commons vs crisis
, Kolya Abramsky Gathering Our
Dignified Rage:
,
, ,
; (Abramsky, 2008). ,

, Zerowork
70: ,


(MN, 1992: 112).
3. .
, ,
.

/, .
.
4. .
.

, , , . ,
, ;
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146

; ,
; ( ),
;

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.

.
.

, ,
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,
, .
1960, ,
,
.
/
/
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,

). ,
;
; : -

147

commons vs crisis
urban gardening
,
,
.
, .,
,

( , ). , (
) , ,
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,
. ,
( , , , ) ,
,
,
;
6. .
, ,
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,
.

;
; ,
;
7.

148

, , , ,
(, )

. :
( ) .
, .
; , ,
,
.

( , , ). ,
,
.
8. .
. , .
.
, . , ,
(bioengineering) , , , , ,
, .

,
.
9. . , -

149

commons vs crisis
. ,
.

.
.
. ( )
.
.

(
)
,
,
.
6. :

. ,

.
,

.

. ,
,
, -

150

. ,

, :
;
,
1989;
. , ( , , ,
),
.
, ,
.
( )

( ),

( ),

.

, , ,

. , 1990 (
)
( ).

151

commons vs crisis
, ,
,
,
(
).
. , ,
, . , ,
,
.

* Midnight Notes www.midnightnotes.org.


Abramsky, Kolya. 2008. A Gathering of Dignified Rage.

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( VI:
).

153

commons vs crisis

6.

Common/Commons:

common/s communis,
comoenus ( ), com-,
manis ,
com-, unus /,
com- (e)meya
. , , communis
. communis
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. common/commons,
,
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..)

154

- common pool resources communities


- commoning.
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. ,
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(
commodities), , ,
.
Commoner/Commoners:
,
(commoning), ,
, -
(reclaim commons)
(inventing commons). commoners
. Governing the Commons
Elinor Ostrom (Ostrom 2002)1, commoners 2.

1. Ostrom, E., [1990] 2002. , (. .), : .


2.
appropriate usurp arrogate commandeer misappropriate,
commoning,
,

155

commons vs crisis
commoners,
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.

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.

156

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,
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,
commoner, commoners .
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,
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) claud clavis,
. , enclosure

157

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. , , , ,
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158

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159

commons vs crisis

160

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