George Paul Road, Carnwath DSR - RA03027

George Paul Road, Carnwath:
Archaeological Evaluation
Data Structure Report
17th December 2003

Data Structure Report – George Paul Road, Carnwath
Overview
This Data Structure Report (DSR) presents the findings of an archaeological evaluation
undertake prior to the proposed construction of a number of dwelling houses on an area of
land on George Paul Road, Carnwath, South Lanarkshire (NGR NS 985 462). Rathmell
Archaeology Ltd was appointed by Mr D Stewart Toy to carry out these works on behalf of
Tinto Construction Ltd.
The archaeological works were designed to mitigate the impact of the development on the
archaeology within the area. The development area is currently open ground covering an
area of roughly 1.4 ha. A series of cropmarks (NS94NE13) had previously been identified to
the south-west of the development area. The landscape around Carnwath has yielded a
number of early prehistoric finds (NS94NE2, 3, 15, 16 and 17). Therefore there was the
potential for plough truncated prehistoric archaeological features to be present within the
development area.
The West of Scotland Archaeology Service who advise South Lanarkshire Council on
archaeological matters has provided guidance on the structure of archaeological
investigations required on this site prior to the development works. South Lanarkshire
Council attached a condition to planning consent (CL/03/0226) to ensure that appropriate
archaeological work was undertaken before the development commences. The terms of the
evaluation were agreed in advance with Mr Paul Robins (West of Scotland Archaeology
Service), archaeological advisor to planning authority, South Lanarkshire Council.
The main objective of the evaluation was to determine the location, extent, nature, condition
and significance of any archaeological features that lie within the development area.
Project Works
The programme of works agreed with the West of Scotland Archaeology Service included an
intrusive evaluation of the development area through machine cut trenches. These works
were undertaken in keeping with the submitted Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) with
on site works running from 1st of December 2003 to 4th December 2003.
The exception was that the WSI presented a scheme for 8 evaluation trenches which would
criss-cross the development area and cover the perimeter. Due to the construction and site
preparation work that had already been undertaken within the development area, the
previously agreed trench layout was impractical. There were large spoil bunds; a mains
sewer; the stripped part built spine road; and an area of flooding on the site (Illus 1). These
circumstances meant that this trench layout plan was impractical and an alternative scheme
of 15 trenches was used (Illus 2). It is this alternative plan which will be referred to here.
A representative sample of the exposed features were investigated and evaluated to
determine archaeological significance. All works were conducted in accordance with the
Institute of Field Archaeology’s Standards and Policy Statements and Code of Conduct and
Historic Policy Statements.
Findings: Desk based assessment and site inspection

The area around Carnwath has been the site of the discovery of a number of early prehistoric
finds (NS94NE2, 3, 15, 16 and 17). This combined with the cropmarks (NS94NE13)
identified 250m to the south-west of the development area meant that in may have proven to
be important to appreciate the known archaeological record in the area to correctly interpret
the findings of the evaluation. However, the cropmark complex (NS94NE13) is of uncertain
nature and has not been physically investigated.
Several other isolated finds have been uncovered in the area around Carnwath although
none of these are directly associated with any known archaeological site. These finds
 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 1 of 17

include: two polished stone axes (NS94NE2 & 3); a carved stone ball (NS94NE17); a
socketed bronze axe (NS94NE15); and a bronze spearhead (NS94NE16). There is an
obvious concentration of prehistoric archaeology around Carnwath and consequently a
potential for prehistoric features or finds within the development area.
In close proximity to the development area, there are a number of features and buildings that
are recorded as being of archaeological significance. However, the more recent structures,
such as the upstanding buildings within the town itself that are noted to be of historical
significance, have little direct relevance to our site except to show that there was a
settlement in this area.
Although there was no record of archaeology within the development area it was reasonable
to suppose that the commonality of prehistoric finds in the surrounding area was indicative
potential. Only with physical examination of the sediments can we accurately asses the
archaeological potential of the area.
Findings: Evaluation trenches

Fifteen evaluation trenches were opened across the development area. Full descriptions of
each trench are contained in the appendices at the end of this report. These findings are a
synthesis of the findings from these trenches.
Broadly speaking there were two characteristic areas of the site. The upward slope at the
northern half of the site is underlain by relatively well-drained silty sand. Conversely, the
lower part of the site has impeded drainage and may have formed a natural sump despite
having similar silty sand subsoil. The area was overlain by a homogenised ploughsoil,
300mm to 500mm in depth, with no visible nineteenth or twentieth century debris.
Those features that were observed within the trenches were all negative features, surviving
cut into the subsoil. The majority of these negative features were very shallow and those with
any depth were all obviously modern.
Linear ditches
Three linear ditches were identified, one [704] in the northern half of Trench 7 and the other
two [911][914] in the southern half of Trench 9. Despite the fact that these features are at
opposite ends of the development area, they are grouped together due to their similarity of
form. These were shallow linear features, at most 100mm deep, whose form indicated a cut
feature rather than simply deepening of topsoil. The features were between 0.8m and 2m
broad; aligned to run downslope; with the terminal ends to two of the ditches [704][914] noted
in the trenches. No finds came from the ditches in Trench 9, but the ditch [704] in Trench 7
yielded a small chert fragment and a few pieces of ash.
Agricultural remains
Several of the trenches showed slight deepening of the topsoil and marks in the subsoil
consistent with ploughing. This may represent evidence of a rig system, which had been in
place prior to the current use of the development area. Unfortunately, the fill of these
depressions was indistinguishable from the ploughsoil. We may consider these to be
evidence of inconsistent depth of ploughing.
There were a number of very shallow, typically 30mm deep, linear features that had distinct
V shaped cross sections. These features typically shared a common alignment running up
and down the field and are inferred to be plough marks. They did not appear in all trenches,
but where they did survive they continue the evidence for a prolonged agricultural use of the
field.
Construction features
The spine road running through the centre of the site had been topsoiled and the first 50m of
the road had been constructed. In addition the modern sewer already runs across the
development area. There are three raised inspection manholes running from north to south
across the western half of the development area. An area to the west of the spine road has

been topsoiled around one of the inspection chambers. The trench for the sewer itself can be

Figure 1: Trench Layout

Trenches depicted in red (key features identified within); Areas of disturbance in grey (SB –
Spoil Bund; MS – Main Sewer; TA – Topsoiled Area); Development area in blue.

Figure 2: Trench 7 Figure 3: Trench 1
Figure 4: Post –excavation shot of (113)

located in the subsoil as a 3m to 4m wide strip of very mixed subsoil running between the
manholes.
A few shallow pits were also investigated across the development area. There was no
consistency to their size, other than their shallow depth, and no pattern to their position.
Again, the fill of these features was indistinguishable from the ploughsoil. Also, the fills
generally contained no anthropic material; however, a pit in Trench 1 [113] did contain
fragments of modern ceramic, plastic and glass. These pits showed no pattern or
consistency, which would suggest a wider significance.
Field drains
The development area was covered by a parallel, evenly spaced set of field drains. These
drains were evident in increasing density in the southern half of the development area, which
seemed to naturally collect water. The drains were clay pipes bedded in narrow, 300mm
broad, slots cut some 400mm into the subsoil. These features were evident on-site as crisp
linear features with a pink clay subsoil mix in their fill. Sections were excavated through a
selection of these features and all of those excavated had a single clay pipe at the base. In
some cases, this pipe was broken. The number of drains exposed in each trench meant that
it was impractical to excavate them all. However, the form and the fill of the drains are easily
recognisable.
Tree throws
Several discolorations in the subsoil were noted and investigated. They appeared as
irregular sub-circular features of some 1m to 2m diameter that appeared to be a bleached
form of the subsoil. An irregular shaped but dark gley-like sediment would be present at the
centre of the upper surface of these features. No cut could be identified for either the bleach
or gleyed material by investigation and the subsoil character of the sediment led to the
interpretation that these features derived from tree boles or tree throws.
Discussion
Despite the poor selection of archaeological features within the development area, we are
able to make some inferences as to chronology of the features on site and hence the
changing use of the land.
It is difficult to place the ditches found in Trenches 7 and 9 in a chronology, although field
drains cut the ditches in Trench 9 so we know they precede these attempts to improve
drainage. The fill of these features was broadly similar to the composition of the topsoil. Also,
they are such shallow features, only a few centimetres deep; that very little can be gained
from examination of their fills. The chert recovered from the ditch in Trench 7 does appears
to have bee struck but as an isolated find from an uncertain context it adds very little to the
archaeological value of the feature.
All of the shallow isolated pits, which were investigated throughout the development area,
had no means of identification or dating, even relative to other features on site. We are,
therefore, unable to fit them into a chronology of the site. However, we may assign them very
little significance due to the fact that they appear isolated, the fact that the fill is
indistinguishable from the topsoil and the further fact that they are devoid of anything but
modern artefacts. These pits are of little value as archaeological features and reveal little
about previous use of the field. During out stripping of the topsoil the digger removed a large
stone from the subsoil creating an empty hole not dissimilar to the form of these pits. It may
be, therefore, that these features represent previous attempts to clear the area of stones.
Leaving the pits aside, the oldest features on the site are the scars and furrows subsoil in the
left by ploughs. This is obviously evidence for some previous agricultural use of the
development area or perhaps some attempt to better the quality of the land. We can take
little more in the way of information from these features. The fill was indistinguishable from
the topsoil and contained no artefacts of any kind. The value of these features is extremely
limited beyond their ability to inform us about previous agricultural use of the field.


Some of the plough marks were cut by the field drains, which are all over the entire
development area. This demonstrates that the attempt to improve the land by drainage was
subsequent to attempts at cultivation. The majority of the drains were in the southern end of
the field a part of the landscape that formed a natural sump. It may be that attempts to drain
the field had only been partially successful due to its position in the landscape.
The final effect on the topography of the site was the construction of the sewer. This cuts
across the entire site from north to south. A large area has been stripped and levelled around
the northern most manhole. No evidence of archaeology was observed within this area and
given the absence of archaeology on the rest of the site it is very unlikely that any survives
here.
Very little of archaeological significance was observed within the development area.
However, it was possible to generate a broad chronology of the past use. There was nothing
within the development area of particular archaeological significance and nothing that would
relate the site to the numerous prehistoric finds from the area around Carnwath.
Conclusion
An archaeological evaluation was carried out between 1st December 2003 and 4th December
2003 on 1.4ha of former agricultural land on George Paul Road, Carnwath, South
Lanarkshire. The evaluation comprised 15 trenches covering approximately 10% of the total
development area, opened down to the natural subsoil. A representative sample, as agreed
with WoSAS, of all of the uncovered features with archaeological potential was investigated.
A broad chronology of use of the site is readable from the record taken. We are able to
observe that the site had been under ploughed cultivation for some time in recent history and
more recently, attempts had been made to improve the drainage of the area. Little survives
of any features, which are all severely plough truncated, and none appear to pre-date the
eighteenth century. On balance we would propose that there is nothing within the
development area of archaeological significance and consequently we recommend that no
further archaeological works are appropriate.

Appendix 1: Trench Details

Within this appendix a standardised set of data pertaining to the evaluation trenches is
presented. Modern Features are in this instance taken as any feature thought to post date
circa 1840.
All measurement distances quoted along the trench measure based on the quoted
orientation of the trench. See Figure xxx for trench locations.
Trench 1
Orientation: West to East

Size: 58.9m by 2m (117.8m2)
Ploughsoil depth: 300mm to 500mm
Subsoil character: Dark orange silty sand with occasional small to medium sub-
rounded stones.
Modern features: Five field drains were recorded crossing the breadth of the trench
and at irregular intervals along its length. All of these drains were
of similar character and similar character and similar fill. Those
excavated contained a ceramic pipe.
In several places, the depth of topsoil was artificially deepened but
plough action. These furrows were investigated and recorded but
proved to be very shallow.
Two small irregular pit features were excavated at the western end
of the trench but contained nothing to indicate use.
Significant features: None
Artefacts: Nineteenth or twentieth century ceramics and glassware from fill of
small pit feature (113).
Trench 2
Orientation: North-west to South-east

Size: 39m by 2m (78m2)
rounded stones.
Modern features: Two lines of field drains were recorded crossing the breadth of the
trench. Neither was excavated but the fills had the same character
to those drains in Trench 1.
The line of the sewer was most notable in this Trench.
Two other features were investigated either of which proved to be
nothing more than deepening of the topsoil due to plough action.
Artefacts: None
Trench 3
Orientation: South-west to North-east

Size: 29.5m by 2m (59m2)

rounded stones.
Modern features: Five lines of field drains were recorded crossing the breadth of this
Trench. Three were excavated as a representative sample. All of
excavated were similar in character to all other field drains so far
excavated and contained a ceramic pipe.
One of the field drains cut through a feature which upon
excavation proved to be nothing more than a deepening of the
topsoil due to ploughing.
Artefacts: None
Trench 4
Orientation: South-east to North-west

rounded stones.
Modern features: Four lines of field drain were recorded crossing the breadth of the
Trench. Those excavated were of similar character to those
already excavated and had a ceramic pipe at the base.
Four other features were excavated along the Trench all of these
proved to be deepening of the topsoil as a result of ploughing.
Artefacts: None
Trench 5
Orientation: South-west to North-east

rounded stones.
Modern features: Three lines of field drains were recorded crossing the breadth of
the Trench. All of the fills were identical. One was excavated as a
sample and contained a ceramic pipe.
Eight other linear features crossing the breadth of the Trench were
shown, upon excavation, to be deepening of the soil probably due
to the action of a plough.
Five other small irregular features were observed and investigated.
Three of these proved to be small pits. Another was probably
deepening of the topsoil due to the growth of a tree. The Last was
a short linear feature of uncertain origin.


Artefacts: None
Trench 6
Orientation: South to North

Size: 54.5m by 2m (109m2)
rounded stones.
Modern features: Six field drains were observed and recorded in this Trench. All of
the fills were a virtually identical mix of topsoil and subsoil. A
section was placed through one of these and a ceramic pipe was
uncovered at the base.
Artefacts: None
Trench 7

Size: 170m by 2m (340m2)
Subsoil character Dark orange silty sand with occasional small to medium sub-
rounded stones.
Modern features: Five lines of field drains were observed and recorded crossing the
breadth of the Trench. The fill of these features was a similar mix
of topsoil and subsoil as was observed in other field drains. Two of
these features were excavated and both had a steep sided cut and
a ceramic pipe at the base.
Three shallow features were excavated and supposed to be the
result of deepening of the plough during cultivation of the field.
A single feature proved, upon excavation, to be the base of a
shallow ditch in that it appeared to be a cut feature rather than a
deepening of topsoil. A fragment of chert and some pieces of ash
were recovered from the fill.
Artefacts: None
Trench 8
Orientation: East to West

Size: 34.5m by 2m (69m2)
rounded stones.
Modern features: Three lines of field drain were observed and recorded crossing the

breadth of this Trench. All had very similar fills of topsoil mixed
with subsoil. One was excavated as a representative sample and
was found to be a steep sided cut with a ceramic pipe at the base.
Artefacts: None
Trench 9
Orientation: North to South

Size: 93.5by 2m (187m2)
rounded stones.
Modern features: Ten lines of field drains were observed and recorded crossing the
Trench. Each of these had a very recognisable fill, very similar to
the other field drains found so far. Three of these were excavated
as a representative sample. All of those excavated had a similar
steep sided cut and ad ceramic pipe at the base.
Two features were recorded and excavated. Both were very
shallow and the fills were very similar to the topsoil. It is supposed
that these are marks not left from deep ploughing because they
display a profile similar to the base of a cut feature. No artefacts
were recovered from these features that might indicate their
significance.
Artefacts: None
Trench 10

Size: 43.5m by 2m (87m2)
rounded stones.
Modern features: Two field drains were observed and recorded crossing the breadth
of the Trench. Very similar fills were observed in each. One was
excavated and revealed a steep sided cut with a ceramic pipe at
the base.
Artefacts: None
Trench 11

Size: 30.5m by 2m (61m2)

rounded stones.
Modern features: Four lines of field drain were recorded crossing the Trench. The fill
and orientation of these features was almost identical to the field
drains in other trenches.
Artefacts: None
Trench 12
Orientation: North-east to South-west

Size: 30.5m by 2m (61m2)
rounded stones.
Modern features: Four lines of field drain were recorded crossing the Trench. The fill
and orientation of these features was almost identical to the field
drains in other trenches.
Artefacts: None
Trench 13

rounded stones.
Modern features: Six lines of field drains were observed and recorded crossing the
breadth of this Trench. The fill and orientation of these features
was almost identical to the field drains in other trenches. Three of
these were excavated as a representative sample. All of those
excavated had a steep sided cut and a ceramic pipe at the base.
Artefacts: None
Trench 14

rounded stones.
Modern features: Three lines of field drains were observed ad recoded as crossing
the breadth of this Trench. The fills were very similar to all of the
other field drains recorded within the development area.

Three instances of deepening of the topsoil were also recorded.

These were on the same orientation as each other and all had a
very shallow fill. These are supposed to be the remains of deep
plough marks.
Artefacts: None
Trench 15

rounded stones.
Modern features: Two lines of field drains were observed and recorded crossing the
Trench. Both of these were excavated. The fill of these features
was an irregular mix of topsoil and subsoil. A ceramic pipe was
uncovered at the base of each.
Artefacts: None
Appendix 2: Record summaries

Context Summaries
No. Interpretation/Description
101 Topsoil, Trench 1
102 Subsoil, Trench 1
103 Field drain
104 Shallow linear feature, agricultural, probably ploughmark
105 Irregular circular feature
106 Field drain
107 Irregular linear feature, agricultural, probably ploughmark
108 Field drain
109 Field drain
110 Linear feature, rounded base, probably agricultural
111 Shallow linear feature, rounded base, probably agricultural
112 Very shallow linear feature, ploughmark at base
113 Oval pit, topsoil and natural mix fill, modern finds
114 Field drain

115 Irregular linear feature, very shallow, agricultural or natural

203 Shallow linear feature, irregular base, charcoal flecks
204 Field drain
205 Sewer
206 Field drain
207 Shallow irregular linear feature, irregular base
208 Shallow irregular linear feature, mix topsoil fill
303 Field drain
304 Field drain
305 Field drain
307 Field drain
308 Field drain
403 Field drain
404 Field drain
405 Shallow linear feature, irregular plan, rounded base
406 Very shallow discolouration of the subsoil, possible ploughmarks
407 Field drain
408 Very shallow linear feature, irregular base
409 Irregular rounded feature, probably base of tree
410 Shallow linear feature, irregular base, light brown topsoil mix
411 Field drain
503 Round irregular feature
504 Shallow linear feature, irregular base
505 Shallow linear feature, near vertical sides, irregular base
506 Field drain
507 Shallow linear feature, mixed topsoil fill

508 Shallow semi-circular feature, irregular base

509 Shallow irregular linear feature
510 Irregular shallow linear feature
511 Field drain
512 Field drain
513 Linear feature, probably plough scar
514 Circular feature, regular sides and base
515 Shallow linear discolouration of subsoil
518 Small shallow square feature
603 Field drain
604 Field drain
605 Field drain
606 Field drain
607 Field drain
608 Field drain
703 Fill of linear feature, topsoil mix, fill of [704]
704 Abrupt interface, cut of linear hollow
705 Field drain
706 Field drain
707 Field drain
708 Broad linear cut, vertical sides
709 Fill of [708], rubble fill, seems to be modern material
710 Irregular, shallow linear feature
711 Field drain
712 Hole created by removal of stone
713 Field drain

802 Subsoil, Trench, 8

803 Field drain
804 Field drain
805 Field drain
903 Field drain
904 Small oval feature packed with modern material
905 Field drain
906 Field drain
907 Field drain
908 Field drain
909 Field drain
910 Field drain
911 Linear feature, broad shallow scoop
912 Field drain
913 Field drain
914 Linear feature, broad shallow scoop
915 Field drain
916 Field drain
1003 Field drain
1004 Field drain
1103 Field drain
1104 Field drain
1105 Field drain
1106 Field drain
1303 Field drain
1304 Field drain

1305 Field drain

1306 Field drain
1403 Field drain
1404 Shallow linear furrow, possible ploughmark
1405 Shallow linear furrow
1406 Field drain
1407 Shallow linear furrow, possible ploughmark
1408 Field drain
1503 Field drain
1504 Field drain
Drawing Record No. Title Scale Date Author

1 Plan of Trenches 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1:100 2/12/03 AM
2 Plan of Trenches 6, 7, 8, 14, 15 1:100 3/12/03 TR
3 Plan of Trenches 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 1:100 4/12/03 TR
4 Trench layout plan from survey data 1:500 5/12/03 TR
Photographic Record
Film No. Description From Date
1 18 Pre-excavation panorama SE 1/12/03
1 22 Pre-excavation panorama NE 1/12/03
1 27 Trench 1 E 2/12/03
1 28 Post-excavation (104) N 2/12/03


2 1 Pre-excavation (203) N 3/12/03
2 5 Trench 15 N 3/12/03
2 6 Trench 8 E 3/12/03
2 7 Trench 7 N 3/12/03
2 8 Post-excavation (704) W 3/12/03
2 9 Trench 10 N 3/12/03
2 10 Post-excavation (709) E 3/12/03
2 12 Trench 11 E 3/12/03
2 13 Pre-excavation (907) W 3/12/03
2 14 Trench 14 SW 3/12/03
2 15 Trench 13 E 3/12/03
2 17 Post-excavation (911) S 3/12/03
2 19 Trench 9 S 3/12/03
2 21 Post-excavation (709) E 3/12/03
2 23 Post-excavation panorama SW 3/12/03


3 14 Pre-excavation (107) W 2/12/03
3 15 Trench 1 E 2/12/03
3 16 Post-excavation (207) (208) SE 2/12/03
3 17 Post-excavation (207) (208) SE 2/12/03
3 18 Trench 3 SW 2/12/03
3 19 Trench 4 SE 2/12/03
3 21 Trench 6 NW 2/12/03
3 22 Pre-excavation (410) (411) NW 2/12/03
3 23 Pre-excavation (410) (411) NW 2/12/03
3 24 Trench 6 SE 2/12/03
3 25 Pre-excavation (606) S 2/12/03
Artefacts List
No. Description Context
1 Fragment of Chert 704
2 Fragment of Ash 704

Appendix 3: Discovery & Excavation in Scotland
LOCAL AUTHORITY: South Lanarkshire

PROJECT TITLE/SITE George Paul Road
NAME:
PARISH: Carnwath
NAME OF Alan Matthews and Thomas Rees
CONTRIBUTOR:
NAME OF Rathmell Archaeology Limited
ORGANISATION:
TYPE(S) OF PROJECT: Evaluation
NMRS NO(S): None
SITE/MONUMENT Rig & furrow system; Ditches
TYPE(S):
SIGNIFICANT FINDS:+ None
NGR (2 letters, 6 figures) NS 985 462
START DATE (this season) 1st December 2003
END DATE (this season) 4th December 2003
PREVIOUS WORK (incl. None
DES ref.)
PROPOSED FUTURE None
WORK:
MAIN (NARRATIVE) An archaeological evaluation prior to the development of
DESCRIPTION: (may 1.4ha of agricultural ground to the south of George Paul
include information from Road, Carnwath failed to find significant archaeological
other fields) remains. Extensive field drainage was recorded, as were
severely truncated elements of a rig & furrow system. No
significant artefacts were found.
PROJECT CODE: 03027
SPONSOR OR FUNDING Tinto Construction Ltd
BODY:
ADDRESS OF MAIN 8, Underwood, Kilwinning, Ayrshire KA13 7HR
CONTRIBUTOR:
E MAIL: admin@rathmell-arch.co.uk
ARCHIVE LOCATION Report to West of Scotland Archaeology Service and
(intended/deposited) archive to National Monuments Record of Scotland.

Contact Details
Rathmell Archaeology can be contacted at its Registered Office or through the web:
Rathmell Archaeology Ltd
8, Underwood
Kilwinning
Ayrshire
KA13 7HR
www.rathmell-arch.co.uk
t.: 01294 542848 f.: 01294 542849

m.: 07817 334907 e.: admin@rathmell-arch.co.uk

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George Paul Road, Carnwath:

Data Structure Report

17th December 2003

Findings: Desk based assessment and site inspection

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 1 of 17

Findings: Evaluation trenches

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 2 of 17

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 3 of 17

Figure 1: Trench Layout

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 4 of 17

Figure 2: Trench 7 Figure 3: Trench 1

Figure 4: Post –excavation shot of (113)

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 5 of 17

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 6 of 17

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 7 of 17

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 8 of 17

Appendix 1: Trench Details

Orientation: West to East

Orientation: North-west to South-east

Orientation: South-west to North-east

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 9 of 17

Size: 29.5m by 2m (59m2)

Orientation: South-east to North-west

Orientation: South-west to North-east

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 10 of 17

Significant features: None

Orientation: South to North

Orientation: North-west to South-east

Orientation: East to West

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 11 of 17

Orientation: North to South

Orientation: North to South

Orientation: East to West

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 12 of 17

Orientation: North-east to South-west

Orientation: East to West

Orientation: North-west to South-east

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 13 of 17

Three instances of deepening of the topsoil were also recorded.

Orientation: North to South

Appendix 2: Record summaries

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 14 of 17

115 Irregular linear feature, very shallow, agricultural or natural

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 15 of 17

508 Shallow semi-circular feature, irregular base

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 16 of 17

802 Subsoil, Trench, 8

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 17 of 17

1305 Field drain

Drawing Record No. Title Scale Date Author

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 18 of 17

1 30 Post-excavation (105) N 2/12/03

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 19 of 17

3 3 Pre-excavation panorama SE 1/12/03

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 20 of 17

Appendix 3: Discovery & Excavation in Scotland

LOCAL AUTHORITY: South Lanarkshire

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 21 of 17

t.: 01294 542848 f.: 01294 542849

 Rathmell Archaeology Ltd, Page 22 of 17

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