AP Gov Congress Vocab Merai Anayee

Terms Baker v Carr

Definitions u.s. supreme court decision that established the principle of "one man, one vote," that is, that legislative districts must be equal in population. a procedure that allows each senator to speak only 1 hour on a bill under debate efforts by congress, especially through committees, to monitor agency rule making, enforcement, and implementation of congressional policies one of the persons represented by a legislator or other elected or appointed official. "hidden" congressional provisions that direct the federal government to fund specific projects or that exempt specific persons or groups from paying specific federal taxes or fees. to attempt to block a bill from becoming law by speaking at length against it a policy that enables members of congress to send material through the mail by substituting their facsimile signature (frank) for postage. the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent when opposing parites &interests often block each other's proposals, creating a pol. stalemate/inaction btwn the esecutive &legislative branches of govt politicians who have already been elected to office

Significant It guaranteed a more equitable system of representation to the citizens of each state Used to limit or end floor debate in a legislative body. to ensure that the executive and government agencies are acting as congress intends.

Example 1 man 1 vote (equal districts).

Cloture

Limited debate

Congressional oversight

shifted balance of power between pres. & congress

Constituent

Earmarks

made up less than 2% of federal spending

supporter; voter; member of a constituency; component pork barrel legislation

Filibuster

It works!!!

freebooter

Franking

Gerrymandering

allows them to show themselves to their constituents in a cheap way manipulating voting districts

free postage

Gridlock

Results in complete lack of movement or progress

making it easier for a particular party's candidate to win election government shuts down/not productive beause of fighting between parties officeholders

Incumbents

in congressional elections, incumbents usually win.

House rules committee Bills of attainder

Determines the rules for debate of each bill, including whether the bill may be amended. a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or a fair hearing in court

This is the most powerful committee in the house. article 1 of the constitution prohibits states & the federal government from punishing an individual by act of the legislature they deal with matters of common interest

the committee in the house of representatives due process concerns

Joint Committee

Logrolling

a committee of the house and the senate that usually acts as a study group and reports its findings back to the house and the senate an arrangement in which two or more members of congress agree in advance to support each other's bills the legislative leader elected by party members holding the majority of seats in the house or the senate

Matters such as economic policy

Its mutual aid to both legislatures. helps plan party strategy, confers with other party leaders, and tries to keep members of the party in line. the supreme court in 1964 eliminated the practice by requiring that all districts in a state contain about the same number of people. determines how his or her party will react to the majority party's programs Its a wasteful congressional spending

vote trading

Majority Leader

harry reid

Malapportionment drawing the boundaries of political districts so that districts are very unequal in population

districts of very unequal sizes

Minority Leader

the legislative leader elected by party members holding a minority of seats in the house or the senate public works projects and grants for specific districts paid for by general revenues the senate member, elected by the senate, who stands in as president of the senate in the absence of the vice president process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts

nancy pelosi

Pork barrel

President pro tempore

serves as president of the senate

funding for a lawrence welk museum in north dakota daniel inouye

Reapportionment

so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people

every 10 years

Regulatory policy

policy that results in government control over individuals and businesses. a temporary legislative committee established for a limited time period and for a special purpose. the leader of the majority party who serves as the presiding officer of the house of representatives permanently established legislative committees that consider and are responsible for legislation within a certain subject area

Its for the benefit of the public although normally temporary, some become, in effect, permanent. the most powerful and influential member of the house. handle bills in different policy areas

Speed limits

Select committee

watergate investigation.

Speaker of the house Standing committees

john boehner

Whips

Ex post facto laws

party leaders who work with the majority leader or minority leader to count votes beforehand and lean on waverers whose votes are crucial to a bill favored by the party. a law which punishes people for a crime that was not a crime when it was committed.

keeps a head count of votes, rounds up members for important votes congress cannot pass these laws.

permanent specialized committees 20 house (eg rules) 17 senate (eg appropriations, money, etc) assistant floor leaders

Someone punished for doing marijuana after it became legal