PowerMILL

PowerMILL
R2
Getting Started
PowerMILL 2012 R2
Getting Started
Release issue 1
PowerMILL
Copyright 1996 - 2012 Delcam plc. All rights reserved. Delcam plc has no control over the use made of the software described in this manual and cannot accept responsibility for any loss or damage howsoever caused as a result of using the software. Users are advised that all the results from the software should be checked by a competent person, in accordance with good quality control procedures. The functionality and user interface in this manual is subject to change without notice in future revisions of software. The software described in this manual is furnished under licence agreement and may be used or copied solely in accordance with the terms of such licence. Delcam plc grants permission for licensed users to print copies of this manual or portions of this manual for personal use only. Schools, colleges and universities that are licensed to use the software may make copies of this manual or portions of this manual for students currently registered for classes where the software is used. Acknowledgements This documentation references a number of registered trademarks and these are the property of their respective owners. For example, Microsoft and Windows are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States. Patents The Raceline smoothing functionality is subject to patent applications. Patent granted: GB 2374562 Improvements Relating to Machine Tools Patent granted: US 6,832,876 Machine Tools Some of the functionality of the ViewMill and Simulation modules of PowerMILL is subject to patent applications. Patent granted: GB 2 423 592 Surface Finish Prediction Licenses Intelligent cursor licensed under U.S. patent numbers 5,123,087 and 5,371,845 (Ashlar Inc.) PowerMILL 2012 R2. Published on 01 February 2012
Contents
Introduction 1
Setting up your working directories ..................................................................... 2 Setting up a Home folder in Windows 7 for user-defined macros ............... 2 Specifying PowerMILL Default Directory paths .......................................... 3 Specifying PowerMILL temporary file area ................................................. 4
Start and close PowerMILL
Startup window ................................................................................................... 6 Explorer .............................................................................................................. 9 Renaming an entity .................................................................................. 10 Unit System ...................................................................................................... 11 Accessing Help ................................................................................................. 12 Tooltips ..................................................................................................... 12 Status bar help ......................................................................................... 12 Context-sensitive online help.................................................................... 12 Manuals .................................................................................................... 13
Cavity mold example
14
Loading the model ............................................................................................ 15 Defining the block around the die ..................................................................... 17 Saving the project for the first time ................................................................... 19 Viewing the model and block ............................................................................ 20 Predefined views ...................................................................................... 20 Zoom ........................................................................................................ 22 Panning .................................................................................................... 24 NC program ...................................................................................................... 24 Overview Template .................................................................................. 24 Creating an NC program .......................................................................... 27 Creating a roughing toolpath............................................................................. 29 Defining the roughing tool geometry......................................................... 31 Defining the tolerances ............................................................................. 36 Specifying rapid move heights.................................................................. 36 Specifying tool start point ......................................................................... 37 Generating the roughing toolpath ............................................................. 38 Displaying the roughing toolpath .............................................................. 38 Saving project changes ............................................................................ 40 Simulating the roughing toolpath .............................................................. 41 Creating the rest roughing toolpath ................................................................... 43 Defining the rest roughing tool geometry .................................................. 44
PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started
Contents i
Changing the Stepover and Stepdown values.......................................... 46 Generating the rest roughing toolpath ...................................................... 47 Displaying the rest roughing toolpath ....................................................... 47 Simulating the rest roughing toolpath ....................................................... 48 Closing the roughing session ............................................................................ 49 Re-opening the project...................................................................................... 50 Checking which entities are active .................................................................... 51 Creating a finishing toolpath ............................................................................. 52 Defining the finishing tool geometry ......................................................... 53 Creating the boundary for the selected surface ........................................ 59 Completing and generating the finishing toolpath..................................... 61 Displaying the finishing toolpath ............................................................... 65 Simulating the NC program with generated toolpaths .............................. 66 Creating the Corner Finishing toolpath ............................................................. 69 Defining the Corner Finishing tool geometry ............................................ 70 Completing and generating the Corner Finishing toolpath ....................... 72 Displaying the Corner Finishing toolpath .................................................. 73 Simulating the Corner finishing toolpath ................................................... 74 Writing NC programs ........................................................................................ 77 Writing each toolpath as a separate NC program file ............................... 77 Writing two NC program files .................................................................... 79
Index
83
ii Contents
Introduction
PowerMILL is the world's leading specialist NC CAM software for manufacturing complex shapes typically found in the toolmaking, automotive, and aerospace industries. Key features: Wide range of milling strategies which include high-efficiency roughing, high-speed finishing, and 5-axis machining techniques. Fast calculation times for toolpath creation and postprocessing. Powerful editing tools to ensure optimum performance on the machine tool.
This Getting Started guide provides step-by-step instructions that highlight some of the features of this versatile software. It is assumed that you know how to operate your machine tool, select suitable tools, and cutting conditions. If you are unsure about any aspect of operating your machine tool, consult an expert or seek advice from your machine tool supplier. The machining parameters used in examples in this guide have been selected to illustrate the effects of different commands and options in PowerMILL. The values given are not necessarily suitable for cutting on a CNC machine. If you wish to machine any parts based on the examples given, carefully review and adjust the parameters to ensure safe cutting conditions.
Introduction 1
Setting up your working directories

To make project management easier, it is recommended that you define a home folder and default directory paths before starting any work with PowerMILL: Setting up a Home folder in Windows 7 for user-defined macros (see page 2). Specifying PowerMILL default directory paths (see page 3). PowerMILL temporary file area (see page 4).
Setting up a Home folder in Windows 7 for user-defined macros

PowerMILL checks for the value defined in the Windows environment variable Home for directions to the user-defined macros folder. Decide where you want the Home environment variable to point to, for example, E:\PowerMILL_Projects, and set up a Windows environment variable: 1 Open Windows Control Panel and click System > Advanced system settings. This displays the System Properties dialog. 2 Click the Advanced tab. 3 Click Environment Variables. 4 To add a new variable name and value, click New to display the New User Variable dialog. a In the Variable Name field, enter Home. b In the Variable Value field, enter the path where you want your home folder to be. For example, E:\PowerMILL_Projects. 5 Click OK in all open dialogs to save changes and close them. 6 Create a folder called pmill inside the Home directory. For example, E:\PowerMILL_Projects\pmill. When user-defined macros are created or called, PowerMILL automatically locates the user-created macros in this folder.
2 Introduction
Specifying PowerMILL Default Directory paths

To specify the Default Directory path in PowerMILL: 1 From the Menu bar, select Tools > Customise Paths. This displays the PowerMILL Paths dialog. 2 Select Default Directory from the drop-down list.
3 To add a Default Directory path, click , and use the Select Path dialog to select the desired location. The path is added to the list. You can add multiple paths to the Default Directory list. You can have only one active Default Directory path. PowerMILL allows you to add multiple paths to the Default Directory list to help you efficiently organise multiple projects across different folders. To change the Default Directory load order, select the directory path you want to change, and use the demote the path. 4 Click Close. Your default working directory is changed to the directory path you selected and all your file operations (Open Project, Save Project, Import Model, Export Model) are changed to this location. and buttons to promote or
Introduction 3
Specifying PowerMILL temporary file area

By default, PowerMILL projects use the default Windows temp folder defined in your Windows System Properties as the temporary area. To define a custom PowerMILL temporary file area: 1 Right-click My Computer, and then click Properties. This displays the System Properties dialog. 2 Click the Advanced tab. 3 Click Environment variables. 4 Click New to add a new variable name and value. a In the Variable Name field, enter
DELCAM_POWERMILL_USER_TEMPDIR.
b In the Variable Value field, enter the path where you want your PowerMILL temporary folder to be. For example, E:\PowerMILL_Projects\TemporaryFiles. 5 Click OK in all open dialogs to save changes and close them. 6 Create the temporary folder in Windows to the path where you specified the variable. For example, E:\PowerMILL_Projects\TemporaryFiles. If there are any problems with the variable you have specified, PowerMILL reverts to the default Windows temporary file area.
4 Introduction
Start and close PowerMILL
To start PowerMILL: Select Start > All Programs > Delcam > PowerMILL > PowerMILL2012 R2 or Double-click the PowerMILL shortcut on your desktop:
This displays the Startup (see page 6) window. To exit PowerMILL: Select File > Exit from the menu. Click the Close button PowerMILL window. in the top right-hand corner of the
If you haven't saved your project, the following message is displayed:
Click Yes to save the project before exiting from PowerMILL.
Start and close PowerMILL 5
Startup window
The following window is displayed on starting PowerMILL:
The screen is divided into the following main areas: - Menu bar provides access to a number of menus. Selecting a menu, such as File, opens a list of associated commands and submenus. Sub-menus are indicated by a small arrow to the right of the text. For example, selecting File > Recent Projects displays a list of recently used projects. - Main toolbar provides quick access to the most commonly used commands in PowerMILL. - Explorer provides control over all PowerMILL entities. - Graphics window is the working area of the screen. - View toolbar provides quick access to standard views and shading options in PowerMILL.
6 Start and close PowerMILL
- Status and Information toolbar enables you to create and activate workplanes, display various preset fields and display user defined fields. If you hover the cursor over a button, help is displayed rather than the information toolbar. The help can be, for example, a brief description of the item beneath the cursor, or information about the calculation that is in progress. - Tool toolbar facilitates the rapid creation of tools in PowerMILL. The other toolbars are not factory defaults, and may not be shown at startup. To display any of these, select them using the View > Toolbar option; for example, choose View > Toolbar > Toolpath to display the Toolpath toolbar.
If you want to change background colours, select Tools > Customise Colours and choose View Background. You can change the Top and/or Bottom colours and Reset them or Restore Defaults if you change your mind afterwards.
PowerMILL remembers your toolbar and colour selections from one session to the next. For example, if you have the Toolpath toolbar displayed when you exit a session, it appears the next time you start PowerMILL.
Explorer
The explorer pane on the left of the graphics window controls the display and status of all PowerMILL entities, including NC programs, toolpaths, tools, and so on. The following is an example of the explorer showing various entities and associated controls:
Click to expand or subentries.
to collapse the tree to view or hide
Light bulb icons , , work as a three-way switch for drawn entities, such as toolpaths and tools: is the default setting when an entity is first created, indicating that it is currently active. Clicking drawn. changes the icon to to indicate that the entity is
Clicking changes the icon to to indicate that the entity is now hidden, or undrawn. These two icons, and , work together as a toggle. If an undrawn entity is made active again after being inactive, the icon reverts to the initial . An entity is always drawn when it is first activated or reactivated. When active, it is also displayed in bold and preceded by a ">" in the explorer. In this example, > 6 Ball is the active undrawn tool, and > CornerFinishing_Auto is the active drawn toolpath.
Renaming an entity
PowerMILL entities are given numeric default names on creation. So, for example, the first toolpath you create is called "1", the second "2", and so on. You can rename an entity to give it a more meaningful name. To rename an entity, right-click an entity and select Rename from the context menu.
To quickly rename an entity, select the entity in the explorer, and then single-click it. The name is now highlighted, and has a box around it: . Enter the new name, for example RestRough, and press Enter .
Unit System
By default, PowerMILL uses metric units. You can change the unit system before any project entities have been created. This guide uses metric (mm) units. To change the default units before you start work, for example, from Metric to Imperial: 1 From the Tools menu, select Options. This displays the Options dialog. 2 Select Unit System and click available options. to expand the tree to view
3 Select the Unit System sub-item. This displays the Unit System page. 4 Select Imperial (inches).
5 Click Accept to save changes. Changing the unit system automatically resets all the default values on the dialogs to match the selected unit system. PowerMILL does not convert the values between the unit systems; instead, it chooses an appropriate set of default values (metric or imperial).
Accessing Help
PowerMILL offers the following forms of help: Tooltips (see page 12) Status bar help (see page 12) Context-sensitive online help (see page 12) Manuals (see page 13)
Tooltips
Tooltips are displayed by hovering the cursor over the required buttons. Each tooltip gives a brief description of the function of the associated button, for example:
Status bar help

When you hover the cursor over a button, help is displayed in the Status bar at the bottom of the screen. So, when you place your cursor over the Rapid Move Heights button, you see the following help in the Status bar at the bottom of the screen as well as the tooltip:
Context-sensitive online help

Pressing the F1 key displays help for the area of the screen that has current focus, such as a display pane (explorer, graphics window), a dialog, or a dialog tab. Where there is no focus, the contents page for the main Help is displayed, so that you can navigate from there. To display the help topic relating to an element on the main PowerMILL screen (a toolbar button, an explorer entity), hold down the Shift key and press F1. When the cursor changes to , click the item of interest to open the help topic: .
If you want to cancel context-sensitive mode, press Esc.
To display context-sensitive help for an element within a PowerMILL dialog (such as a field or a button), click and when the cursor changes to , click the item to open the associated help topic:
Manuals
The PowerMILL manuals offer additional help. The documents are: What's New and Getting Started manuals. Online reference help.
Cavity mold example
This example shows you how to generate and output the basic toolpaths used to machine a forging die mold. 1 Start PowerMILL (see page 5). 2 Load the model (see page 15). 3 Save the project (see page 19). 4 View the model and block (see page 20). 5 Create an NC program (see page 24). 6 Create, simulate, and output each toolpath: Roughing (see page 29) - to rapidly remove the majority of the excess material using the Offset all style in the Model Area Clearance strategy. Rest roughing (see page 43) - to clear additional material using a smaller tool (the Model Area Clearance strategy is used again; this time only material not removed by the previous toolpath is machined). Finishing toolpath (see page 52) - to generate steep and shallow moves within a specified boundary. Corner Finishing (see page 69) - to clean up material that previous toolpaths were unable to finish, particularly in corners between non-tangential surfaces.
14 Cavity mold example
Loading the model

The model you will work on is a cavity mold in the Examples folder. To load the model: 1 Select File > Examples.
The Open Examples dialog is displayed, automatically opening the drive and folder where the tutorial files are installed:
2 In the Files of type field, select Delcam Geometry (*.dgk) from the drop-down list. 3 Select the cavity mold called die.dgk, and then click Open. PowerMILL loads the file.
Cavity mold example 15
4 Click the Resize to Fit within the display.
button on the View toolbar to fit the file
5 To change the display to an isometric view, select the ISO 1 button on the same toolbar. The model looks like this:
More information on view manipulation is provided later (see page 20).
6 The die is currently shown with only the wireframe selected. To add shading, click the Plain Shade button on the View toolbar.
7 Remove the wireframe by clicking the Wireframe the bottom of the View toolbar.
button near
Click the Wireframe or Plain Shade buttons to toggle between Wireframe, Plain Shade, Wireframe and Shaded, and No Model views. For this exercise, keep the model shaded.
Defining the block around the die

The block defines the stock size. The part is then machined from the block. In this case, the block is a rectangular cuboid. To define the block: 1 Click the Block button on the Main toolbar.
2 In the Block dialog, check that: a Defined by is set to Box. b Coordinate System is set to Active Workplane. c In the Estimate Limits area, Expansion is set to 0 and Type to Model.
d Draw is selected.
3 Click Calculate to define a cuboid enclosing the die. Click Accept to close the dialog.
To toggle the display of the block on and off, click the Block button on the View toolbar.
Saving the project for the first time

PowerMILL saves all the entities, together with a copy of the model, as a single project. To save a project: 1 Click the Save button on the Main toolbar. Since you have not previously saved the project, the Save Project As dialog is displayed.
2 Move to the directory that you created for your projects (see page 2), and enter a name for your project in the File name field, for example forging_die_mold. 3 Click Save. The PowerMILL window header now reflects the name of the project. An associated file structure is created:
Do not manually edit these files - you will corrupt your data.
From now on, click Save on the Main toolbar to update the saved version of the project.
Viewing the model and block

To look at a specific area of the model and block you can either select one of the predefined views (see page 20) on the View toolbar, or use a mouse. It is recommended that you use a three-button mouse. By holding down the middle button and moving the mouse pointer in the graphics area, you can control the view of the model. When you are moving the mouse (with the middle button pressed) the trackball is visible on the screen:
Start with the cursor in the middle of the window and press the middle mouse button, then drag the cursor up the screen. The image moves as you move the mouse.
Predefined views
The View toolbar is loaded by default when PowerMILL is started and is often the best starting point for dynamically manipulating model views. There are several fixed viewing directions available from the View toolbar. If the View toolbar is not currently displayed, select View > Toolbar > Viewing from the menu. View Along options allow you to orientate the view so that it is along the X, Y, or Z axis. Hover on any of these buttons to display a 2D view toolbar which has additional view options along the primary axes.
Use the ISO View option to change the view angle to any of the isometric views. Hover on the button to display other isometric view options. Isometric views are often the best starting point for dynamically manipulating the view using the mouse. Previous View option takes you back to the previous view of the entities. Refresh option redraws all the currently displayed components, repairing any damage to the current view. This can be useful if the view loses definition as items are created, modified, or deleted on the screen. Resize to Fit (see page 22) adjusts the view to fit the screen. Depending on the current view, PowerMILL zooms in or out to adjust the view. Hover on the button to view the Zoom In (see page 22) and Zoom Out (see page 22) buttons. Use the Zoom to Box (see page 22) option to zoom in on a specific area of the model. Click and drag the mouse to create a box over a part of the model to zoom in. PowerMILL adjusts the view to zoom in on the selected boxed area. Use the Block option to show or hide the block. Use the Plain Shade option to show or hide the shaded representation of the model. Hover on the Plain Shade button to show the other shading options available on the Shading toolbar. Use the Wireframe option to show or hide the wireframe representation of the model. Use the Box Selection mode to select entities with the mouse. Click and drag the mouse to create a box over the entities you want to select. To deselect entities from a group of selected entities, hold down the Ctrl key and click the entities you want to deselect. Use the Drag Selection button to select multiple entities with the mouse. Hover on the Box Selection display the Drag Selection Selection entities. button to button. Click the Drag
button and click and select the relevant
Use the Last Selection option to revert to the previous selection made with the Box Selection or Drag Selection options.
Zoom
You can resize the model using the viewing options available on the View toolbar: The Zoom options the image on the screen. button (in this case, and control the zoom factor of
This is a pull-out toolbar. Hovering on the currently selected Zoom Resize to Fit ) displays the Zoom toolbar.
Resize to Fit - zooms the image so that it just fits in the window. It converts this:
into this:
This zooms in or out as required. So, it also zooms a microscopic image on the screen to one that just fits inside the window.
If you can't see your graphics, click the Resize to Fit button on the View toolbar to fit the graphics to the middle of the screen. Zoom In - doubles the size of the image. Click this button repeatedly until the required zoom factor is reached. The image is zoomed about the centre of the graphics window. Zoom Out - halves the size of the image. Click this button repeatedly until the required zoom factor is reached. The image is zoomed about the centre of the graphics window. Zoom to Box - zooms in to a specific area of the image. Click and then use the left mouse button to drag a zoom box on the image. The view is then zoomed to fit the boxed area. It converts this:
- Zoom box into this:
You can also resize an image by holding down the Ctrl key and the middle (or right) mouse button, and then dragging the mouse up to Zoom In or down to Zoom Out.
Panning
You can Pan the image by holding down the Shift key and the middle (or right) mouse button, and then dragging the mouse in the direction in which you want to move the image.
NC program
An NC program contains the commands and output settings that specify how the machine controller will machine the part. It is advisable to create an NC program, and set the preferences for it before generating any toolpaths. However, it's just as easy to add generated toolpaths to the NC programs later (see page 79).
Overview Template
1 In explorer, right-click NC Programs and select Preferences.
This displays the NC Preferences dialog.
2 On the Output tab of the NC Preferences dialog, select Use Project - On to write the NC program file into the PowerMILL project folder. Select Use Project - Off to write the NC program file to a different folder. You need to specify it in the Output Folder field. 3 Enter the output file name to be used by default in the Output File field. The variable %[ncprogram] gives the output file the same name as the NC program. You can add your file name to this variable.
4 Click next to the Machine Option File field to open the Select Machine Option Filename dialog.
5 Browse to the folder where the option files are stored, and select the required machine option file (in this case heid.opt) and click Open.
This closes the Select Machine Option Filename dialog and returns you to the NC Preferences dialog. 6 Click Accept to save your changes and close the dialog.
Creating an NC program
1 From the NC Programs context menu, select Create NC Program. This displays the NC Program dialog. 2 In the Name field, enter the name you want to call the NC program. For example Cavity_Mold.
3 In the NC Program dialog, click the Options Options dialog is displayed. 4 On the Output tab:
button. The
a If selected, deselect the Write File for Each Toolpath option. This causes Output File to be displayed instead of Root Name at the top of the NC Program dialog. b Select Option File as heid. c Enter Output File Extension as opt.
d Click Accept to update and close the Options dialog.
If you want separate output files for each toolpath, select Write File for Each Toolpath option. This changes the Output File field to Root Name in the NC Program dialog and displays the default path and file name in the Output File field at the bottom of the dialog. The default path in the Output File field is based on the settings in the NC Preferences dialog. If you want to change this path, button, browse to the appropriate folder, click the open folder and enter the new file name (the file extension is determined by the settings you made in step 4b). If you used the %[ncprogram] variable in the NC Preferences dialog, hover on the displayed path to see how the file name will be resolved by PowerMILL. 5 Click Accept in the NC Program dialog to accept your selections and close the dialog.
6 To see the entity that you have just created, click to expand the NC Programs node. The entity is automatically active (signified by bold text preceded by the > symbol).
Any toolpaths you create are automatically added to the currently active NC program.
Creating a roughing toolpath

A Model Area Clearance strategy with the roughing Style set as Offset all is used to rapidly remove the majority of excess material on the model. This clears the area with contours that are generated by repeatedly offsetting the initial contour until no further offsetting is possible, and then steps down to the next level and repeats the offsetting until the bottom of the part is reached. To create a roughing toolpath: 1 On the Main toolbar, from the Create Toolpath list, select Model Area Clearance.
This displays the Model Area Clearance dialog.
Use the various tabs to enter parameters required for the toolpath. 2 Give the toolpath an appropriate Name, for example Roughing. 3 Define the roughing tool geometry (see page 31). 4 Define the tolerances (see page 36). 5 Specify rapid move heights (see page 36). 6 Specify tool start points. (see page 37) 7 Generate the roughing toolpath (see page 38). 8 Display the roughing toolpath (see page 38). 9 Simulate the roughing toolpath (see page 41).
Defining the roughing tool geometry

The next stage involves selecting a tool and defining its geometry. This example uses a 16 mm (5/8 inch) tip-radiused tool. 1 In the Model Area Clearance strategy dialog, click the Tool page. 2 On the Tool page: a Click the arrow next to the Create Tool Tool area. b From the tool list, select 3 On the Tool page, click dialog. button in the to select
to create a Tip Radiused Tool. to display the Tip Radiused Tool
4 In the Tip Radiused Tool dialog, enter: a Name - D16T1 b Length - 30 mm c Tip Radius - 1 mm d Diameter - 16 mm
e Tool Number - 1
5 Select the Shank tab, click a Upper Diameter - 16 mm b Length - 70 mm
to add a shank component. Enter:
The Lower Diameter automatically defaults to the Upper Diameter. This can be accepted for the current tool.
6 Click Close. The tool is automatically aligned with the Z axis:
You can view and edit the created tool:
In explorer, expand to see the tool that you have created. Expand the tool node to see the specific tool's details.
In the Tool tab on the Model Area Clearance dialog:
On the Tool toolbar:
Tool length overview

The diagram below shows a cutting tool made up of a tip (yellow) and shank (green) mounted in a shrink-fit holder (red). The tool is mounted in the spindle of a machine (grey).
The colours shown here correspond to those used in the PowerMILL Tool dialogs.
- Spindle - Holder length - Gauge face - Overhang - Cutting length - Gauge length The Cutting Length represents the part of the cutter that removes material. This is set up in PowerMILL as the Tip Length. The Overhang is the amount by which the cutter protrudes from the tool holder. This, typically, includes part of the Shank Length. The Overhang is fixed when the cutter is mounted in the holder. To obtain maximum tool life, the Overhang is typically kept to the minimum necessary to prevent the holder from hitting the part or unmachined stock. The Holder Length is the total length of all parts of the holder assembly that protrude from the spindle when the holder is mounted in the machine. The Gauge Length is the total length of the cutter and holder assembly when it is mounted in the machine. It is measured from the tip of the tool to the Gauge Face, which is the ground face of the spindle.
Defining the tolerances

On the Model area clearance page of the strategy: 1 In Tolerances, enter 0.2 mm. 2 Enter a Radial thickness 3 Enter an Axial thickness 4 In Stepover, enter 7.0 mm. 5 In Stepdown, enter 4.0 mm. 6 In the stepdown list, select Automatic. The Z Heights are created automatically when the toolpath is calculated, and any existing Z Heights values are deleted. The accuracy of the machined part produced by PowerMILL is limited by the accuracy of the model read into the program. The original model must have been produced to an adequate tolerance. of 0.5 mm. of 0.1 mm.
Specifying rapid move heights

The heights at which the tool can move safely without hitting the part or clamps are called rapid move heights. Use the Rapid move heights page on a strategy dialog to define the Safe Z and Start Z tool heights. To change rapid move heights after a toolpath is calculated, click the Rapid Move Heights button on the Main toolbar to display the Rapid Move Heights dialog. To specify rapid move heights 1 Select the Rapid Move Heights page Area Clearance strategy dialog. 2 On the Rapid Move Heights page: a Check that Safe Area is set to Plane. on the Model
b Click Calculate.
The use of absolute and incremental Z heights is controlled by the type of Rapid Movement selected.
Specifying tool start point

1 Select the Start point page strategy dialog. on the Model Area Clearance 2 On the Start Point page, in the Use list, select Block Centre Safe. This resets the tool X and Y values to the centre of the block model, with the Z coordinate at Safe Z.
Generating the roughing toolpath

On the Model Area Clearance strategy dialog: 1 Select and expand the Leads and links page: a Select the Lead in sub page. b From the 1st choice list, select Ramp. 2 Select the High speed page: a Select the Profile smoothing option. Leave the default Corner Radius as 0.05. b Select Raceline smoothing, and adjust it to a small value, such as 5%. 3 Click Calculate to generate the toolpath. Progress is shown on the Status bar at the bottom of the screen. The generation may take a minute or so, depending on the processing power of your PC. 4 After the toolpath is generated, Close the strategy dialog.
Displaying the roughing toolpath

To improve visualisation of the toolpath, you can: Click the Plain Shade and Wireframe undraw the model or wireframe. buttons to draw and
To zoom in to the model, hold down the Ctrl key and the middle (or right) mouse button, and drag the mouse upwards.
Click the Block block.
button on the View toolbar to undraw the
Click to expand the Toolpaths node in the explorer. The new toolpath is shown in bold and preceded by the > symbol to indicate it's active.
Click the light bulb next to the toolpath to toggle toolpath display on or off .
Click next to the toolpath to expand and view the parameters and their specific details used to create the toolpath.
The Safety Status icon at the top of the toolpath tree shows the toolpath is gouge-checked, but not checked for holder details. To see more information, expand the Toolpath Safety Parameters node in the toolpath tree.
Saving project changes

When you have unsaved changes (in this case, the toolpath information) in your project, an asterisk (*) is displayed in the title bar.
Click Save on the Main toolbar to save the project changes and overwrite the previous file. The toolpath information is added to your project, and the asterisk disappears from the project header:
Simulating the roughing toolpath

To view a simulation of the toolpath: 1 Click the ISO1 button on the View toolbar to reset the view.
2 On the ViewMill toolbar, click the Toggle ViewMill Window button. It turns green , and activates the simulation window, which initially shows a light grey block on the current background.
If the Simulation toolbar is not already displayed, select View > Toolbar > Simulation. 3 Select the current toolpath in the first of the two drop-down lists. The tool is selected automatically, and the Play buttons are highlighted:
4 The buttons on the ViewMill toolbar control the display of the simulation. Select the Rainbow Shaded Image option to visualise the material removed by different toolpaths, for example roughing and rest roughing.
5 To start the simulation, click the Play simulation to run through to the end.
button. Allow the
Creating the rest roughing toolpath

The rest roughing toolpath uses a smaller tool to eliminate the large terraces and to rough areas of the model that the large roughing tool couldn't reach, such as pockets and corners. To create a rest roughing toolpath: 1 Display the Settings for the previous toolpath.
2 Click the Create a new toolpath based on this one
button.
3 A copy of the toolpath is created with a suffix of _1. Enter RestRoughing in the Toolpath name field to rename it. 4 Select the Rest Machining option. This switches the strategy to Model rest area clearance strategy and enables the Rest page.
5 Define the rest roughing tool geometry (see page 44). 6 Change the Stepover and Stepdown values (see page 46). 7 Complete the Model rest area clearance strategy dialog, and generate the rest roughing toolpath (see page 47).
8 Display the rest roughing toolpath (see page 47). 9 Simulate the rest roughing toolpath (see page 48).
Defining the rest roughing tool geometry

You can base the rest roughing tool on the existing roughing tool, although it needs a smaller diameter and larger tip radius. This example uses a 10 mm (3/8 inch) tip radiused tool. 1 On the Tool page of the Model Rest Area Clearance dialog of the RestRoughing toolpath click the Edit button.
2 In the Tip Radiused Tool dialog, click to create a new tool entity based on the existing roughing tool. It is given the default name of D16T1_1. 3 Rename the tool to D10T2. 4 In the other fields, enter: a Length - 10 mm b Tip Radius - 3 mm c Diameter - 10 mm
d Tool Number - 2
5 Select the Shank tab and change the values to: a Upper Diameter - 10 b Length - 40
The Lower Diameter automatically defaults to the Upper Diameter. This can be accepted for the current tool.
6 Click Close. To see the rest roughing tool more clearly, click the light bulb icons for the roughing toolpath and tool, (toggle them to ). This undraws (but doesn't delete) the entities on the screen.
Changing the Stepover and Stepdown values

On the Model rest area clearance page: 1 Enter a Stepover of 3.0 mm. 2 Enter a Stepdown of 1.5 mm.
Generating the rest roughing toolpath

On the Model Rest Area Clearance dialog: 1 Select the Rest page, and: a From Rest Machining type list, select Toolpath. b From the Toolpath list, select Roughing (the name of your roughing toolpath). c In the Detect Material Thicker Than field, enter 0.2 mm. The calculation ignores rest material thinner than 0.2 mm. This helps to avoid thin regions being rest roughed where the benefit of a second cut is negligible. d In the Expand Area By field, enter 0.2 mm. The rest areas are expanded by 0.2 mm measured along the surface. This can be used in conjunction with Detect Material Thicker Than to reduce the areas to be machined to the essentials (such as, corners), and then to offset these areas slightly to ensure that all details (for example, on the corners) are machined. 2 Click Calculate to generate the toolpath. Progress is shown on the Status bar at the bottom of the screen. The generation may take a minute or so, depending on the processing power of your PC. 3 After the toolpath is generated, Close the strategy dialog.
Displaying the rest roughing toolpath

Use the Plain Shade , Wireframe , and Block buttons to undraw the model and the block, and then zoom in to view the toolpath:
The Safety Status icon at the top of the toolpath tree shows the toolpath is gouge-checked, but not checked for holder details. To see more information, expand the Toolpath Safety Parameters node in the toolpath tree. To save project changes, click on the Main toolbar.
Simulating the rest roughing toolpath

To view a simulation of the rest roughing toolpath: 1 On the Simulation toolbar, select the current toolpath in the first of the two drop-down lists. The tool is selected automatically and the Play buttons are highlighted:
2 To start the simulation, click the Play simulation to run through to the end.
button. Allow the
If you have not started a different session since creating the roughing toolpath, the rest roughing toolpath is shown in a different colour, overlaid on the roughing simulation (see page 41). 3 Click the Exit ViewMill red button, and select Yes to stop the to
simulation. The Toggle ViewMill button changes from green , and the standard PowerMILL window is displayed.
Closing the roughing session

Now you have generated the roughing toolpath. Save the project and close PowerMILL until you are ready to create the finishing strategies. To save project changes, click on the Main toolbar.
To exit PowerMILL, either select File > Exit from the menu, or click the Close button in the top right-hand corner of the PowerMILL window.
Re-opening the project

1 Restart PowerMILL; this automatically loads your toolbar and colour selections from the previous session. 2 Select File > Recent Projects from the menu, and then select the project containing the forging die example:
3 When the project is reloaded, adjust the model size and orientation as required.
Checking which entities are active

Before you create the finishing toolpaths, you can ensure they are automatically added to an NC program: 1 Check if the NC program in the explorer is shown in bold and preceded by the > symbol to indicate it's active. If it's not active, right-click the NC program name, and select the Activate option. 2 Expand the Toolpaths node, and undraw each of the roughing toolpaths by clicking the light bulb icon until it shows . Now you can easily see the new finishing toolpaths as you create them.
Creating a finishing toolpath

1 Click dialog. on the Main toolbar to display the Strategy Selector 2 On the Finishing tab, select the Steep and Shallow Finishing strategy and click OK.
3 In the Steep and Shallow Finishing dialog: a In the Toolpath Name field, enter SteepAndShallow. b Select Climb from the Cut direction field.
c Change the Stepover value to 0.5.
Defining the finishing tool geometry

The tool currently selected for the Steep and Shallow Finishing strategy dialog is the same tool that was used for the rest roughing toolpath. This tool is not appropriate for the current toolpath strategy, and must be changed. This example uses an 8 mm (5/16 inch) ball nosed tool. 1 In the Steep and Shallow Finishing strategy dialog, click select the Tool page. 2 On the Tool page, from the tool list, select Nosed Tool. 3 On the Tool page, click a Name - 8 Ball_LS_TH b Length - 20 mm to
to create a Ball
to display the Ball Nosed Tool dialog.
4 In the Ball Nosed Tool dialog, enter:
c Diameter - 8 mm d Tool Number - 3
5 Select the Shank tab, click a Upper Diameter - 12 b Lower Diameter - 8
to add a shank component. Enter:
c Length - 25
6 Click the
button to add a second shank component. Enter:
a Upper Diameter - 12 b Lower Diameter - 12
c Length - 30
7 Select the Holder tab, and click the component. Enter: a Name - 8 mm Ball Holder b Upper Diameter - 20 c Lower Diameter - 20 d Length - 20
button to add a holder
e Overhang - 55
8 Click the
button to add the upper part of the holder. Enter:
a Upper Diameter - 60 b Lower Diameter - 60 c Length - 10
d Overhang - 55
9 Click Close to update the Tool page with the new tool. The new tool is shown in the explorer, and on the Tool toolbar, and it's also drawn in the graphics window, where it is automatically aligned with the Z axis.
The toolpath is not yet complete as it needs to reference a boundary, but you can close the dialog without generating the toolpath. 10 Click OK to close the toolpath dialog.
Creating the boundary for the selected surface

As it is only the cavity that needs to be finished by this toolpath, you can create a boundary for the cavity. 1 Undraw the 8 Ball_LS_TH tool by toggling the light bulb icon to in the explorer.
2 Click the Block Wireframe
button to undraw the block, and use the
button to undraw the wireframe.
3 Use the mouse to select only the cavity surfaces.
You can use the Drag Selection Mode to select multiple surfaces.
on the View toolbar
4 In the Boundaries context menu, select Create Boundary > Selected Surface.
5 In the Selected Surface Boundary dialog: a In the Name field, enter Cavity. b In the Tool list, select 8 Ball_LS_TH.
6 Click Apply. 7 The boundary is calculated. It is shown in white by default:
Selected Surface Boundaries are recalculated if the selected surfaces change. This means that they behave like toolpaths in the way they take account of the selection state at the time of calculation. 8 Click Accept to close the boundary dialog.
Completing and generating the finishing toolpath

You now need to add the created boundary to the Steep and Shallow Finishing toolpath together with the appropriate leads and links. 1 In explorer, expand Toolpaths and select the SteepAndShallow toolpath. 2 Right-click and select Settings from the context menu.
3 On the Steep and Shallow Finishing strategy dialog: a Select the Limit page and: From the Boundary list, select Cavity.
From the Trimming list, select Keep inside.
b Expand the Leads and Links page, select the Lead in and:
page
In the 1st Choice list, select None.
c Select the Links sub page to define link moves between the cutting moves in the toolpath and:
In the Short list, select On surface to define the type of link moves used to connect adjacent passes.
4 Click Calculate to generate the toolpath. Progress is shown on the Status bar at the bottom of the screen. The generation may take a minute or so, depending on the processing power of your PC. 5 After the toolpath is generated, Close the strategy dialog.
Displaying the finishing toolpath

When the toolpath is generated, it is displayed on the screen:
To save project changes, click
on the Main toolbar.
Simulating the NC program with generated toolpaths

The new toolpath is automatically added to the active NC program. If for some reason, your toolpath is not there, use the mouse to drag the toolpath under the NC program manually.
To simulate the NC program: 1 Click the ISO1 button on the View toolbar to reset the view.
2 On the ViewMill toolbar, click the Toggle ViewMill Window button. It turns green , and activates the simulation window, which initially shows a light grey block on the current background. 3 From the ViewMill Toolbar Rainbow Shaded Image option differences between toolpaths. , select the so you can visualise the
4 In explorer, right-click the NC program Cavity_Mold, and select Simulate from Start from the context menu.
The NC program is automatically selected on the Simulation Toolbar, and the Play buttons enabled.
5 Click the Play to the end.
button, and allow the simulation to run through
6 Zoom into the unmachined areas. You can see that some of the corners need cleaning up, particularly between non-tangential surfaces.
7 Click the Exit ViewMill red
button, and select Yes to stop the to
Creating the Corner Finishing toolpath

The Corner Finishing toolpath uses a smaller tool to machine the remaining corners, particularly between non-tangential surfaces. To create the Corner Finishing toolpath: 1 Click dialog. on the Main toolbar to bring up the Strategy Selector
2 Select the Corner Finishing strategy on the Finishing tab, and click OK.
3 In the Corner Finishing dialog: a In the Toolpath name field, enter CornerFinishing_Auto.
b Select the Limit page and choose None from the boundary list.
Defining the Corner Finishing tool geometry

You can base the Corner Finishing tool on the tool used for the SteepAndShallow strategy, although it needs a smaller diameter. This example uses a 6 mm (1/8 inch) ball nosed tool. 1 Select the Tool page in the Corner Finishing dialog. 2 From the tool list, select 8 Ball_LS_TH, and click the Edit button. 3 In the Ball Nosed Tool dialog which appears, on the Tip tab, click to create a new tool entity based on the existing tool. It is given the default name of 8 Ball_LS_TH_1. a Rename the tool to 6 Ball. b Enter a Length of 15 mm.
c Enter a Diameter of 6 mm. d Enter the Tool Number as 4.
4 To adjust the shank to match the tip, select the Shank tab, click the bottom shank component (it turns pale green), and enter 6 in the Lower Diameter field.
5 You can leave the Holder as it is. Click Close to update the toolpath dialog with the new tool. The new tool is shown in the explorer, and on the Tool toolbar, and it's also drawn in the graphics window, where it is automatically aligned with the Z axis.
Completing and generating the Corner Finishing toolpath

In the Corner Finishing strategy dialog: 1 Select the Corner finishing page and: a From the Output list, select Both. This creates two separate toolpaths for steep and shallow regions. b Enter a Threshold Angle of 65. This specifies the angle, measured from the horizontal, that determines the split between steep and shallow portions of the surface slope.
c Enter a Cusp of 0.01. This defines the maximum allowable cusp height. The stepover between tool passes is automatically calculated from this value and the geometry of the tool and part. d From the Cut direction list, select Any. This uses both the Climb and Conventional methods of milling. 2 Select the Corner detection page and: a Select 8 Ball_LS_TH from the toolpath reference list. The Corner Finishing toolpath makes a comparison between the current and previous tools, and automatically machines the corners that the previous tool was unable to access. b Enter an Overlap of 0.5. This indicates how far the toolpath is extended beyond the borders of the un-machined region. It is also used as the overlap value between the steep and shallow portions of the toolpath. c Enter a Detection limit of 165. This specifies the angle at which PowerMILL finds corners. Only corners less than the specified angle are machined. 3 Click Calculate to generate the toolpath. Progress is shown on the Status bar at the bottom of the screen. The generation may take a minute or so, depending on the processing power of your PC. 4 After the toolpath is generated, Close the strategy dialog.
Displaying the Corner Finishing toolpath

When the toolpath is generated, it is displayed on the screen:
Click to expand the Toolpaths node in the explorer. The new toolpath is shown in bold and preceded by the > symbol to indicate it's active. If the NC program Cavity_Mold remains active, the toolpath is automatically added to it:
To save project changes, click
on the Main toolbar.
Simulating the Corner finishing toolpath

1 Click the ISO1 button on the View toolbar to reset the view. 2 On the ViewMill toolbar, click the Toggle ViewMill Window button. It turns green , and activates the simulation window, which initially shows a light grey block on the current background. 3 From the ViewMill Toolbar Rainbow Shaded Image option differences between toolpaths. , select the so you can visualise the
4 In explorer, right-click the NC program Cavity_Mold, and select Simulate from Start from the context menu.
The NC program is automatically selected on the Simulation toolbar, and the Play buttons enabled.
5 Click the Play to the end.
button, and allow the simulation to run through
6 Zoom into the machined areas to view the cleaning up of the non-tangential surfaces.
This compares with the previous finishing toolpath which left some material in the corners.
7 Click the Exit ViewMill red
button, and select Yes to stop the to
Writing NC programs
When the toolpaths are generated, you can add them to an NC program to be postprocessed as an output file for a specific NC machine controller. Any number of toolpaths can be included, and reordered as required depending on the limitations of the particular NC machine and the postprocessor. By default, all toolpaths in an NC program are saved to a single NC program file. The following examples show you how to: Write each toolpath as a separate NC program file (see page 77). Write two NC program files (see page 79) with the toolpaths grouped by their functionality.
Writing each toolpath as a separate NC program file

This procedure shows how to generate separate NC program files for each toolpath in an NC program. To have separate NC program files for each of your toolpaths, the Write File for Each Toolpath option must be selected on the Output tab available from Tools > Options > NC Programs.
1 In explorer, right-click the NC program, Cavity_Mold, and select Write from the context menu.
The symbol against a toolpath indicates a tool change. It is always displayed for the first tool in the sequence. It is also displayed when a different tool is used. 2 PowerMILL postprocesses the toolpaths using the specified parameters, and displays a confirmation window showing where the files are saved.
3 Click to
close the Information window.

4 The colour of the NC program Cavity_Mold in the explorer changes to a bright green colour, , to show it has been calculated correctly. 5 To save project changes, click on the Main toolbar.
Writing two NC program files

This procedure shows how to generate two NC program files, one with two roughing toolpaths, and another with the two finishing toolpaths. 1 From the NC Programs context menu, select Create NC Program.
This displays the NC Program dialog. 2 In the Name field, enter Cavity_Roughing. 3 In the NC Program dialog, click the Options Options dialog is displayed. 4 On the Output tab: a If selected, deselect the Write File for Each Toolpath option. This causes Output File to be displayed instead of Root Name at the top of the NC Program dialog. b Select Option File as heid. c Enter Output File Extension as opt. button. The
d Click Accept to update and close the Options dialog.
5 Click the Accept button at the bottom of the NC Program dialog to create a new roughing NC program. 6 Right-click the individual NC program Cavity_Roughing, and select Edit > Copy NC Program. 7 A new entity is added to the NC Programs list with the default name of Cavity_Roughing_1. Right-click it and Rename it as Cavity_Finishing.
To identify which NC program is currently active, expand the NC Programs node in the explorer; the active program is shown in bold and preceded by the > symbol.
8 In explorer, move the two roughing toolpaths under Cavity_Roughing, and the two finishing toolpaths under Cavity_Finishing.
9 Select the Cavity_Roughing and Cavity_Finishing NC programs. Right-click, and select Write Selected.
10 PowerMILL post-processes the NC programs using the specified parameters, and displays a confirmation window showing where the programs are saved.
Two NC programs are written, Cavity_Roughing.tap containing both roughing toolpaths, and Cavity_Finishing.tap containing both finishing toolpaths. 11 Click to close the Information window. on the Main toolbar.
12 To save project changes, click
Index
3
3D offset moves 14 Forging die mold See Cavity mold example
G
Gauge length 34 Graphics window 6
A
Along moves 69 Area clearance Offset 29, 43 Tool geometry 31, 44
H
Holder length 34
C
Cavity mold example 14 Constant Z moves 14 Contour offsetting 14, 48 Corner finishing 69, 74 Creating tree objects See Entities Cutting length 34
I
Imperial units 5, 11 Isometric vews 20
M
Metric units 5, 11 Models Opening 15 Resizing to fit 20, 22 Shading 20 Viewing 20
D
Defining block 17 Displaying toolpaths 38, 47, 65, 73
E
Entities Renaming 10 Verifying active 51
N
NC programs Creating 24 Setting preferences 24 Writing 77, 79
F
Finishing toolpaths Interleaved constant Z 52 Tool geometry 53, 70
O
Opening Models 15 Projects 50
Index 83
Overhang 34
P
PowerMILL Closing 5 Context help 10, 12 Entities 9, 10, 11 Explorer 9, 51 Manuals 13 Projects
Opening 50 Saving 19, 40
Starting 5 Startup window 6 Status bar 12 Toolbars

Main 6, 29
Toggle Simulation window 41, 48, 66, 74 Tolerance 36 Tool geometry 31, 44, 53, 70 Toolbars Main 6, 29 Toolpath Displaying 38, 47, 65, 73 Finishing 52, 61, 69 Roughing 29, 43 Simulating 41, 48, 66, 74 Writing 77, 79 Tools Ball nosed tool 53, 70 Length definitions 34 Start point 37 Tip radiused 31, 44 Tooltips 12
Tooltips 12 Units
About 5, 11 Changing to imperial 11
V
ViewMill 41, 48, 66, 74 Views Isometric 20 Locating 22 Panning 24 Predefined 20 Zoom in and out 22
R
Rapid move heights 12, 36 Resizing to fit 20, 22 Roughing toolpaths Rest roughing 43 Roughing 29 Tool geometry 31, 44
W
Wireframe 20, 38, 47, 59, 65, 73 Working directories 2 Setting up a Home environment in Windows 2 Setting up your working directories 2, 4 Specifying PowerMILL Default Directory paths 3 Specifying PowerMILL temporary file area 4
S
Screen layout 6 Selected surface boundary 59 Shank length 34, 44 Stepdown 36, 46 Stepover 36, 46 Stitch moves 69 Surfaces Non-tangential, machining 69 Selecting 59
T
Temporary file area 4 Tip length 34, 44, 70
84 Index
PowerMILL
PowerMILL 2012
R2
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PowerMILL - 2012 - R2 - Getting Started

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Start and close PowerMILL

Cavity mold example

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Setting up your working directories

Setting up a Home folder in Windows 7 for user-defined macros

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Specifying PowerMILL Default Directory paths

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Specifying PowerMILL temporary file area

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Start and close PowerMILL

If you haven't saved your project, the following message is displayed:

Click Yes to save the project before exiting from PowerMILL.

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Start and close PowerMILL 5

6 Start and close PowerMILL

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Start and close PowerMILL 7

8 Start and close PowerMILL

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Click to expand or subentries.

to collapse the tree to view or hide

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Start and close PowerMILL 9

10 Start and close PowerMILL

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Start and close PowerMILL 11

Status bar help

Context-sensitive online help

If you want to cancel context-sensitive mode, press Esc.

12 Start and close PowerMILL

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Start and close PowerMILL 13

Cavity mold example

14 Cavity mold example

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Loading the model

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Cavity mold example 15

4 Click the Resize to Fit within the display.

button on the View toolbar to fit the file

More information on view manipulation is provided later (see page 20).

16 Cavity mold example

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Defining the block around the die

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Cavity mold example 17

18 Cavity mold example

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Saving the project for the first time

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

Cavity mold example 19

Viewing the model and block

20 Cavity mold example

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started

button and click and select the relevant

PowerMILL 2012 R2 Getting Started