166 I

CHAPTER 4 Graphs ofthe Circular Functions

l
7. 9.

f@ I Exercises
2. A 6. D E 4. Concept Check In Exercises 1-6, match each function with its graphfrom 1. y = -tan x 2. y = -cot x
choices A-F

1. C
5. B F 3.

1
+ "4 1T)
C.

y = tan ( x - ~ )

8.
x
I 1

),_.-I Ian
I 1

2x 1

4. y = cot ( x - "4 1T) A.

y

~ y = cot ( x B.
y

6. y = tan ( x
y

+ "4 1T)

~l
y y
7T'

_7!. .

31T

10.
x

01/1
D.
y

y'
y

_IE. 2

7!.. 2
O~

E.
1

F.
I

11.
y

12.y=2colx
o
Y

I I
x

I I
0

~I
x

I, It1 I '
10

4
7r
1

4
57r

4
37r

4
7r I

4
_7!.1 1

~k1
yy

't37r
I

.x Graph each function over a one-period interval. See Examples 1-3.

11

y y

16. 14. y;;;

~cotx

x 13. .1

2 1

-1

y=cot3x = tan 4x. 7. y 15.

x

2 4 2 1

-.

21 1 1 2 - 14 1 4 17. 11. 12. 15. 18. y=2tan-x y== -cot4x -cot -2 -tan -2 cot x x1 2x 8. 2.: y y = tan 2 -cot xtan-x x 1

Graph each function 19. y=tan(2x-1T)

over a two-period

interval. See Examples

4 and 5.

28. y = 3

I 2 Y=~COI4X -2
"I

17.

18.

21. y=cot(3X+~) 23.

y

20. 26. 30. y = -2 + 3 24. 32. 22.

+ - tan x

y=tan(~+1T) y = - 2 -1 cot x tan(4x + 1T) y = 1 - tan x y = -2 + ~tan(~x y = cot(2X _ 3;)

- 1T)

= 1 + tan x

25. y = 1 - cot x 27. y =

-1 + 2 tan x
1

29. y

-1 + "2cot(2x

- 31T)

31. y = 1 - 2 cot [ 2 (x

+ ~) ]

"r.

SECTION4.3 Graphs of the Tangent and Cotangent Functions 4" 19.I 4" 31T x
y 51T

I 167

4H:<!: I I

20.
y

)i )i
I

Connecting Graphs with Equations Determine the simplest form of an equation for each graph. Choose b > 0, and include no phase shifts. (Midpoints and quarter-points are identified by dots.) See Example 6.
x

33.

I I I
y

-2

-2

= tan (2x - 7T)

36.
22.
y

'h
2 -4

yy y 34. \2 +-x I
7T 11

x
I

21.
y

38.

x
UJ. \~ h~ y I

y=cot

x 2x-Z t .'7T)

'"

y= I-tau x

~ rfJr 26. 24. x

t~
y

-1 37.35. ~

23.
y

25.
y

27.
y

28.
y

-t-I
I I

y=-I+"2tanx

Concept Check In Exercises 39-42, tell why.

tell whether each statement is true or false. iffalse,

29.
y

30.
x

39. The least positive number k for which x

IS

2'

1T

=k =k

is an asymptote

for the tangent function

40. The least positive number k for which x tion is ~.

is an asymptote

for the cotangent

func-

41. The graph of y = tan x in Figure 23 suggests domain of tan x.

y

that tan( -x)

= =

tan x for all x in the

= -2 + 3 tan (4x + 7T)

31.
y

32.

42. The graph of y = cot x in Figure 26 suggests that cot( -x) domain of cot x.

-cot

x for all x in the

Work each exercise. L.I-I I

T

:j:

43. Concept Check If c is any number, then how many solutions c = tan x have in the interval (-27T, 27TJ? 44. Concept Check Consider the function defined by f(x)
the domain of f? What is its range? 45. Show that tan( -x) = -tan x by writing tionships for sin( -x) and cos( -x). 46. Show that cot( -x) = -cot x by writing tionships for cos( -x) and sin( -x).
/
/

does the equation

y= 1-2cot[2(x+)]

y= -2+~tan(~x-7T)

-4 tan(2x

+ 7T). What

is

tan( -x) as

;~~i =:; and then

using the rela-

cot( -x)

as ~~:~ =:j and then using the rela-