ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION ET4369 DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Assignment 1

I. EXERCISE 3.1

Sampling system runs at 10Ms/s, the input is uncorrelated white noise with a total effective amplitude of 1 mVRMS in the band limited to 120 MHz. What is the noise density? What is the RMS amplitude after sampling? Figure 1 represents the a white noise floor limited in the 120 MHz band and the sampling pulses (Dirac function) occurring at 10 Ms/s.

As a result, the bandwidth of the noise folds into fs/2. The number of chunks stacked is equal to 24 and comes from the noise original bandwidth (120 MHz) divided by half of the sampling frequency (5 MHz). In this situation, the noise density is 447 nV/Hz. The RMS amplitude after sampling is the total integrated noise in this area, which is equal to 1mVRMS, being this the same value as before sampling. II. EXERCISE 3.2 The input stage of a sampling system is generating distortion: plot the first 5 harmonics in the band between 0 and the sampling frequency of 100 Ms/s if an input signal of 3.3 MHz is applied. Once more, but now with 10 Ms/s sampling. III. EXERCISE 5.1 An ideal 8-bit quantizer samples at 60 Ms/s, in the following digital circuit a filter section limits the band of interest to 1 MHz, what is the expected signal to noise ratio in this band due to the quantization white noise. What combination of resolution and sampling speeds are possible for digital representation of this signal next to an 8-bit sample at 60 Ms/s. IV. EXERCISE 5.2 A 10-bit ADC is not perfect: at the desired signal and sampling frequency, the DNL is 0.7 bit, while a 2 nd order distortion component folds at a relative amplitudes of -56 dB; Moreover, a fixed clock component at 1/3 of the sampling rate appears at -60 dB. Calculate the effective bits of this ADC. Advise whether the LSB can be removed, so that the succeeding processing runs with 9-bit samples.

Noise density (V/sqrt(Hz))

noise Sampling pulses

fs

...

Frequency (Hz)

Figure 1: Noise floor and sampling pulses. The noise density SN can be calculated given that the total effective amplitude (integrated noise SRMS) in the 120 MHz band is equal to 1 mVRMS. [ ]

After sampling, what occurs is that chunk of the noise of bandwidth fs/s are folded back and mirrored around dc, appearing stacked on top of each other. Since it is uncorrelated noise, it must be added in a root-mean-square fashion. Figure 2 shows the effect of sampling on the noise given in this example.
Noise density (V/sqrt(Hz))

V. EXERCISE 5.3 Suppose an INL spec of 1 bit is given, is there a limit to the DNL spec? And the other way around?
A 1.2-V 10-W NPN-Based Temperature Sensor in 65-nm CMOS With an Inaccuracy of 0.2C (3 sigma) From 70C to 125C. Sebastiano, Fabio et al. IEEE Journal of Solid States Circuits, Vol. 45, No. 12, December 2010. Opamp Input Offset Voltage. Analog Devices MT-037 tutorial. 2009 Nulling Input Offset Voltage of Operational Amplifiers. Application Report, SLOA045. Texas Instruments. August 2000.

noise Sampling pulses

[1]

fs

...

Frequency (Hz)

[2] [3]

Figure 2: Noise result after sampling.