If a golfer wants to practice holding a rounded object using a neutral grip, then he should practice the motion of reaching

out in a neutral manner to grasp a rounded object (eg. beer can) placed directly in front of his extended left forearm (while ensuring that the radial border of the left forearm faces skywards). That is the type of motion that he should then use to grasp the rounded grip of his club.

Neutral grip and weak hand grip Image 1 shows a neutral left hand grip at address (as viewed from a golfer's normal eye position at address). Note that the left wrist is slightly cupped (dorsiflexed) due to the fact that the left hand is grasping a rounded object. Note that the left thumb is placed just to the right of the center of the top-of-the-shaft (slightly aft of the club). Note that one can can clearly see two knuckles of the left hand. The amount of cupping in the left wrist depends on the position of the hands at address - there will naturally be more cupping if the hands move closer to the right leg than the left leg. Image 2 shows a neutral left hand grip at impact. Note that there is forward shaft lean (due to the hands being ahead of the clubhead at impact). Note that the left wrist is flat. The left wrist is flat because the left wrist is slightly palmar flexed (which means that the clubshaft's grip is not in a straight-in-line relationship with the left forearm). Image 3 shows a weak left hand grip at address. Note that the hand has rotated counterclockwise on the grip so that one can only see one knuckle of the left hand. Note that the thumb is placed straight down the top of the shaft. Note that the left wrist appears less cupped (less dorsiflexed).

A golfer should avoid adopting a weak grip because it predisposes to an open clubface at impact - because the hands are ahead of the clubhead at impact (thereby producing forward shaft lean at impact). Many golf instructors routinely advise their students to adopt a strong grip when their student has a slice problem - even if their grip is neutral and not the cause of their slice problem. I think that it is a mistake to ever advise a golfer to adopt a strong grip. A strong grip has many disadvantages, and it doesn't necessarily cure the "true" cause of the slice problem. I believe that the only biomechanically-acceptable grip is a neutral grip, or a slightly strong grip (where one can see three knuckles of the left hand). 3) Open clubface at the end-backswing position If a golfer has a neutral left hand grip at address, then the left wrist will appear slightly scooped at address. That should be the only time point during the backswing/ downswing when the left wrist is not flat. As soon as a golfer starts the backswing, the left wrist should automatically/passively become flat - due to a small degree of palmar flexion of the left wrist induced by a bending right wrist. The right wrist should start bending back (dorsiflexing) at the initiation of the takeaway action, and the degree of right wrist bending should progressively increase during the backswing. This right wrist bending action will ensure that the left wrist remains flat during the backswing and that it is flat at the end-backswing position.

End-backswing position - from reference number 1 Image 1 demonstrates the "correct" position of the left wrist/hand at the endbackswing position - note that the left wrist is flat and note that the clubface is parallel to the back of the flat left wrist and at an angle to the ground. In his swing video

lesson, Oliver Heuler states that he "neutralises" the left wrist in the backswing, and what he describes is simply the normal action of flattening the left wrist during the backswing. I don't like his use of the word "neutralise" because it implies that the left wrist was not neutral at address - which is not true. I believe that the "flat left wrist" phenomenon will happen automatically if one performs a backswing action correctly. If one uses a right forearm takeaway action as recommended in my review paper on How to Move the Arms, Wrists and Hands in the Golf Swing - then the right hand carries the left hand to the end-backswing position. If the right upper limb moves "correctly" (right arm externally rotates at the level of the right shoulder socket and the right elbow progressively bends to a 90 degree angle and the right wrist progressively bends back while remaining level) then it should allow the left wrist/hand to remain flat throughout the entire backswing action so that one ends up with a flat left wrist/hand at the end-backswing position (as in image 1). See this swing video lesson segment for a visual demonstration of how the left arm/wrist/hand should move in the backswing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9OQevIZS38 . The discussion of the left arm/wrist/hand motions starts at 3:15 minutes and continues in the next video segment - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOlhnUpqxHI . Image 2 shows an open clubface at the end-backswing position due to a straightening right wrist action that twirls the grip within the left hand. That should never happen if the grip is held firmly within the grasp of the left hand. Image 3 shows an open clubface at the end-backswing position due to a left hand opening-up action (which causes the proximal phalanges of the fingers of the left hand to become straight-in-line with the back of the left hand. A golfer should never allow his left hand to open during the backswing, and a golfer should maintain a firm grasp of the grip end of the club with the 3rd, 4th and 5th fingers of the left hand. Oliver Heuler doesn't discuss what I believe is the most common cause of an open clubface at the end-backswing position - an upcocking action of the right wrist. In my review paper How to Move the Arms, Wrists and Hands in the Golf Swing, I described how the right upper limb must move to keep the clubshaft on-plane in the backswing. I mentioned that a key factor that keeps the clubshaft on-plane is the "correct" movement of the right wrist. I mentioned that the right wrist must bend backwards during the backswing while remaining level. The right wrist must not cock upwards during the backswing. If the right wrist cocks upwards in the late downswing, then it will move the clubshaft off-plane and cause it to cross the line,

and it will also cause cupping of the left wrist and an open clubface (toe of the club will be pointing more towards the ground).

Author with left wrist cupping and an open clubface at the end-backswing Note that my left wrist is not flat - it is slightly cupped. That is due to a lifting of the arms in the late backswing coupled with an upcocking action of the right wrist - which causes the clubshaft to move off-plane and cross the line. Note that the toe of the club is pointing groundwards and that the clubface is not parallel to the left forearm - and that represents an open clubface. If the left wrist remains cupped during the early-mid downswing, then it will predispose to an open clubface at impact. 4) Open clubface at impact If a golfer doesn't have the previously mentioned causes of an open clubface (numbers 1-3), then he can still have an open clubface at impact if he doesn't successfully complete the release swivel action by impact. During the release swivel action (which occurs when the clubshaft moves from its delivery position to its impact position), the clubhead has to rotate about 90 degrees so that the clubface can become square by impact. A number of factors can prevent successful completion of this release swivel action by impact.

i) An open clubface at impact can occur if the golfer shifts the pelvis too far leftlaterally during the downswing.

Oliver Heuler demonstrating a pelvis over-slide action - from reference number 1 Note that the outer border of his left pelvis (red arrow) is outside the left foot, and that it is due to excessive sliding of the left pelvis left-laterally during the downswing. When the pelvis slides too far left-laterally, it moves the spine too far to the left and it causes the hands to get to impact too far ahead of the ball with an open clubface. To prevent this problem, a golfer needs to learn how to brace his left-side during the downswing. I discussed this issue in my downswing chapter and I recommend this useful Shawn Clement swing video lesson that discusses the issue of bracing the left side. Shawn Clement swing video lesson - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nI3i936JRd0 ii) An open clubface at impact can occur if the hands move too far forward of the ball by impact - even if the torso is successfully braced so as to prevent excessive leftlateral pelvic sliding.

Oliver Heuler demonstrating a too-far forward hand position at impact - from reference number [1] If the hands are too far forward at impact, then it predisposes to an open clubface at impact. A golfer must avoid getting the hands too far forward by impact by avoiding any predisposing factors - i) swinging the hands too fast towards impact so that the hands get to impact far ahead of the clubhead; ii) actively applying push-pressure with the right arm at PP#1 during the mid-late downswing that pushes the left hand too fast/far into impact. The degree of open clubface at impact is also influenced by ball position. The further back the ball position, the more likely the clubface will be open (for a given position of the hands at impact) because there is less time to complete the release swivel action. iii) An open clubface at impact can occur if the golfer tries to maintain a late lag position too far into the downswing.

Oliver Heuler demonstrating a late lag release position - from reference number [1] Many amateur golfers see certain professional golfers (eg. Sergio Garcia) using a late release action where the pro golfer maintains a 90 degree clubshaft-left arm angle to this position (see above photo) in their late downswing, and they attempt to mimic that action by artificially "holding onto their left wrist-clubshaft lag angle". However, it is extremely difficult to square the clubface from this late release position, and it will often result in an incomplete release action if a golfer doesn't have the skill to complete the release action by impact. By attempting to artificially "hold onto the 90 degree left arm-clubshaft lag angle" until late in the downswing, a golfer interferes with the natural/automatic centrifugal-induced release action and it becomes even less likely that the clubface will become square by impact. A golfer, who is a swinger, must have relaxed wrists, because stiff wrists prevent the successful completion of a natural release swivel action. 5) Open clubface during impact. During a normal swinger's action, the clubface should be 1-2 degrees open at the time of first ball contact, and it should continue to close during the time period of ballclubface contact. The clubface should be square to the target at the exact moment of ball-clubface separation in order for the ball to go straight. If the clubface is closing slightly as the clubhead passes through impact (due to a horizontal hinging action), then it will impart a small degree of draw spin on the ball. The ball will go straight and tend to fall to the left at the end of the ball flight. By contrast, if the clubface is opening slightly as the clubhead passes through impact (due to a vertical hinging action [reverse roll action] that produces clubface layback), then it will impart a small

degree of slice spin on the ball. The ball will tend to go straight but it will curve to the right during the late ball flight due to the presence of slice spin. The amount that the ball slices to the right depends on whether another cause of an open clubface is present - because they will act together to increase the amount the ball curves to the right. See my impact chapter for more details on horizontal/angled/vertical hinging actions. Open clubface due to a steep clubhead path The clubshaft is normally at a 40-50 degree angle to the ground at impact, and the sole of the clubhead should be parallel to the ground. The exact clubshaft angle at impact depends on the club - being steeper for short irons, compared to long irons and woods. If the clubshaft is at an excessively steep angle at impact, then the clubface will be slightly open even if the grip is neutral and even if the clubface is parallel to the back of the left hand at address.

Oliver Heuler demonstrating the fact that an upright clubshaft causes the clubface to be slightly open - from reference number [1] Note that the pencil, which is vertical to the clubface, points to the right. Note that the heel of the club is higher than the toe of the club - due to the steep clubshaft angle.

There are a number of causes of a steep clubshaft path through the impact zone (other than an OTT move which I will discuss separately). i) Steep clubshaft path pattern due to high hands at address.

Oliver Heuler demonstrating a steep swing - from reference number [1] A golfer may hold his clubshaft at address so that the clubshaft is in a straight-in-line relationship with the left arm (image 1). This high hand position can be due to holding the grip end of the club in the mid-palm position - with the butt end of the club being above the heel pad (hypothenar eminence) of the left hand. The golfer then lifts his arms upwards along a steep path during the backswing (image 2). If the golfer swings the clubshaft down the same steep path, then the clubshaft will be very steep at impact, and the clubface is likely to be open. The golfer may also "hold the clubface open" in the direction of the target in the followthrough, which may aggravate the open clubface problem. This type of open clubface problem requires that a golfer learn how to grip the club correctly below the heel pad of the left hand, so that there is an angle between the left arm and the clubshaft at address. The golfer then also needs to learn how to perform a "correct" backswing pivot action that is rotary in nature. That will allow the golfer to acquire a shallower left arm and clubshaft angle during the backswing and downswing. ii) Steep clubshaft path due to excess bend at the level of the hips.

Oliver Heuler demonstrating a too-bent-over address posture - from reference number [1] If a golfer bends excessively at the waist (hip level), then it predisposes to a steep backswing clubshaft path. Note that the butt end of the clubshaft is pointing at the toes in image 2 - when it should be pointing at the ball-target line at this time point in the mid-backswing. Note that there is little knee bend at address, and this "stiff knee" condition prevents the pelvis from easily rotating. Virtually all the torso rotation is due to an upper body (shoulder) rotation. The shoulders rotate perpendicularly around the bent-over spine, and that causes the shoulders, and therefore the arms/clubshaft, to rotate in a more vertical plane - like a ferris wheel. This problem may be readily remedied if the golfer adopts the correct amount of bend at the level of the hips. If a golfer has a "correct" posture at address, then a vertical line drawn through the middle of the right arm should pass just in front of the knees and hit the ground at toe level (or just ahead of the toes).

Nick Faldo - address posture - from reference number [5] Note that Nick Faldo has more bend at knee level and less bend at the level of the hips, and that the green line hits the ground just ahead of his toes. iii) Steep clubshaft path due to reverse pivoting.

Oliver Heuler demonstrating an incorrect takeaway action and reverse pivoting - from reference number [1]

A golfer may start the one-piece takeaway action by moving the clubhead out towards the ball-target line while leaning the upper torso to the left. This causes the clubshaft to end up in a steep position above the right clavicle (collar bone). There is usually no rotation of the lower torso (pelvis) during this type of backswing action, and the pelvis either sways to the right or it remains static. When the golfer starts the downswing, it is difficult to start the downswing with "correct" kinetic sequencing (lower body moves first, upper body moves second) and the downswing may start with an arm movement that throws the arms/clubshaft down towards the ground along a steep path that passes just in front of the right shoulder. The arms/clubshaft track down steeply towards the ball - in front of the right upper torso - because there is no space under the right shoulder. The golfer often ends up holding the clubface open through impact (image 3).

Oliver Heuler demonstrating a reverse pivot and a "rock-and-block" action - from reference number [1] In this example, Oliver Heuler is demonstrating a "rock-and-block" body motion. During the backswing, the golfer tilts his head to the left while swaying his pelvis to the right. He then lifts the arms and clubshaft steeply upwards to a position above his neck. During the downswing, the golfer sways the pelvis leftwards in order to acquire rightwards spinal tilt by impact, and this lateral to-and fro swaying motion, that causes a steep shoulder turn in the backswing/downswing, produces a motion that John Jacobs called "rock-and-block". The arms and clubshaft descend too steeply down to the ball and the clubface is open at impact, resulting in push-sliced shots.

Reverse pivoting is a major swing fault, that requires a complete reconstruction of the golfer's backswing action. A reverse pivoting golfer must learn how to perform a "correct" backswing pivot action as demonstrated by Brady Riggs in the following swing video. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvOr5nNqYEw

Brady Riggs demonstrating a reverse pivot and a "correct" pivot action A yellow line was drawn along the outer border of Brady Riggs' right thigh/hip at address. In image 1, one can see that Brady Riggs has allowed his right hip to slide to the right in the early backswing and that he is keeping his head "fixedly" stationary during the entire backswing. That causes his spine to tilt to the left into a reverse pivot position. Image 2 shows what happens at the start of the downswing when one starts the downswing from a reverse pivot position. Because the arms are cramped and there is no space under the right shoulder for the arms to move down to the ball, the reverse pivoting golfer tends to throw his arms forwards over the toe line in a steep over-thetop move. Image 3 shows the "correct" backswing pivot movement. Note that Brady Riggs has rotated his pelvis, which causes his right buttocks to move leftwards and backwards (away from the ball-target line). Note that "air" appears between the right pelvis and the yellow line, which is a sign of a correct right hip pivot movement. Note that there is a large amount of space under the right shoulder for the arms to move down to the ball, and that there is no sense of arm restriction. One can also sense, that when the downswing starts with a pelvis shift-rotation movement to the left, that the right elbow will be passively pulled down to the right hip area, and that the arms will drop down along the "correct" downswing arm swingpath. I have described this action in great

detail in my review paper on The Backswing and Downswing Hip Pivot Movements; Their Critical Role in the Golf swing. Pull-slice ball flight pattern A pull-slice ball flight pattern is usually due to a combination of an out-to-in clubhead swingpath and an open clubface (relative to the clubhead swingpath). Golfers who have an out-to-in clubhead swingpath will pull the ball left if the clubface is square to the clubhead swingpath at impact. To prevent the ball going left, the golfer may attempt to direct the ball towards the target by trying to "hold the clubface open" in the direction of the target through impact, and this will result in an open clubface relative to the clubhead swingpath. The end result is a pull-slice ball flight pattern. The ball will start off in a direction that is just to the left of the target and curve away to the right (away from the clubhead swingpath). I believe (like Oliver Heuler) that a pull-slice golfer should first correct the clubhead swingpath problem before he addresses the open clubface problem. The open clubface problem may simply disappear if the out-to-in clubhead swingpath problem is corrected, because the open clubface problem may be a reactive mechanism that a golfer adopts to prevent a left-pull ball flight. There are a number of causes of an out-to-in clubhead swingpath, and I will discuss them in sequence. Out-to-in clubhead swingpath problem due to an incorrect address posture A golfer may generate an out-to-in clubhead swingpath because his shoulders are open at address and the ball is positioned too far forward.

Golfer at address - from reference number [6] In image 1, the ball is positioned well forward of the left foot and the shoulders are open at address. This address position predisposes to an out-to-in clubhead swingpath through impact. The problem can often be corrected by moving the ball back a few inches, and by ensuring that the shoulders are squre to the ball-target at address (image 2). Out-to-in clubhead swingpath due to backswing errors i) A golfer who takes the club inside too quickly in the early backswing (takeaway) will often get stuck in the mid-backswing, and he will then end up lifting the arms in the late backswing. That backswing action will then cause him to loop the club over his right shoulder in an OTT move at the start of the downswing.

Out-to-in clubhead swingpath - from reference number [4] The incorrect backswing/downswing clubhead path is depicted in black, and the ideal (ModelPro) clubhead swingpath is depicted in blue [4]. During the incorrect backswing action, the clubhead path is too flat and too inside in the early backswing, and it then becomes steeper in the late backswing as the golfer lifts the arms to the end-backswing position. The golfer then starts the downswing with an upper body/arm movement that throws the clubshaft OTT over the right shoulder, and the clubshaft descends too steeply down to the ball before traveling outto-in through impact. Here is a "real life" example of that swing problem.

Example of an incorrect backswing action and the resultant OTT move - from reference number [7] Note that the golfer has a poor address posture - he is too bent-over at the waist with a rounded back and there is insufficient knee bend (image 1). Note that he starts the takeaway by immediately rotating his pelvis and he pulls the clubshaft inside too quickly (image 2). He then lifts the club to the end-backswing by lifting his arms (image 3). He then starts the downswing with an upper body/arm move that throws the clubshaft over his right shoulder (image 4). His arms/clubshaft then descend too steeply down to the ball (image 5) and he will then subsequently swing out-to-in through impact. If you view the swing video, you will note that the golf instructor recommends that the golfer should start the backswing takeaway action by pushing the grip end of the club back - by pushing the left hand back while simultaneously rotating the left shoulder back. I personally think that there is a much better way of starting the backswing takeaway action - using a right forearm takeaway action. I have described the right forearm takeaway action in great detail in my How to Move the Arms, Wrists and Hands in the Golf Swing review paper. My recommended takeaway action is based on biomechanically natural body movements that allow a golfer to keep the clubshaft on-plane during the backswing while the clubshaft moves from the hand plane (at address) to the turned shoulder plane (by the end-backswing). ii) Other backswing causes that predispose to an OTT move. A key element that a golfer needs to achieve in the backswing is to get the hands sufficiently "deep" - sufficiently far away from the ball-target line so that the hands are close to the right shoulder at the end of the backswing. The hands shouldn't end up above the neck or central end of the right clavicle at the end of the backswing, because it is difficult to prevent the hands from going OTT over the right shoulder at the start of the downswing (even if one starts the downswing correctly with a lower body move).

Author demonstrating acceptable hand positions at the end of the backswing Image 1 shows the right hand position at the end of the backswing (when the clubshaft is parallel to the ball-target line). The hand is behind and above the right shoulder. An inflexible golfer may only be able to get the hands opposite the right shoulder - image 2/3. The left arm should lie somewhere between the red dotted line and the blue dotted line in image 1. It is disadvantageous to have the left arm being too steep at the end of the backswing - see yellow dotted line - because that will predispose to an OTT move at the start of the downswing. There are a number of reasons why a golfer may get the left arm to be too steep at the end of the backswing. It may be due to a failure to pivot-rotate the pelvis during the backswing. If the pelvis is static during the backswing, then an inflexible golfer may not be able to rotate the shoulders enough to get the hands sufficiently "deep" by the end of the backswing. Insufficiently "deep" hands may also be due to the fact that the golfer lifts the arms straight up (vertical to the ground) during the takeaway. All these "steep left arm position" problems can be avoided if a golfer uses the right forearm takeaway with an adequate torso rotation that gets the hands to a position near the right shoulder by the end of the backswing action - as described in my How to Move the Arms, Wrists and Hands in the Golf Swing review paper. Out-to-in clubhead swingpath due to downswing errors

The most common cause of an OTT move and an out-to-in clubhead swingpath is due to a golfer starting the downswing with an incorrect arm movement and/or an upper body rotation movement and/or a rotary pelvic movement. i) Starting the downswing with an OTT arm movement. According to Oliver Heuler, the most common reason why a golfer goes OTT at the start of the downswing (which causes an out-to-in clubhead swingpath) is due to the fact that the golfer throws his hands outwards at the start of the downswing, so that the hands soon cross the toe line.

Oliver Heuler demonstrating an OTT move - from reference number [1] There are certain golf instructors who teach an arm swing, rather than a pivot-driven swing (which is the swing methodology recommended in this golf website). There are a number of variants of the left arm swing methodology, but they all presume that the hands will move down to the ball along the "correct" track - down-and-out-and forwards along an optimum hand path. Unfortunately, many arm swingers (who start the downswing with an arm movement) move their hands too much outwards (towards the ball-target line) and the hands soon cross the toe line in an OTT move. This causes the right elbow to "float in space" (see image 1) when the right elbow should move down to the right hip area at the start of the downswing. Even if an arm swinger correctly brings the right elbow down towards the right hip area, they may have "incorrect" spinal tilt - leftwards spinal tilt (see image 2) rather than rightwards spinal tilt - and this also causes an out-to-in clubhead swingpath.

The approriate remedy is correct kinetic sequencing - starting the downswing with a lower body shift-rotation move => increased rightwards spinal tilt (secondary axis tilt) => right shoulder moves downplane => arms move last along a "correct" inside-out track under the right shoulder. See my downswing chapter for further details. ii) Starting the downswing with a right shoulder roundhousing move. Although Oliver Heuler believes that this is not a common cause of an OTT move, I see many golfers go OTT because they rotate their right shoulder too horizontally in a roundhousing manner. This problem is particularly common in golfers who start the downswing with an upper body dive move as demonstrated in the next diagram.

Upper body dive movement - from reference number [4] Many golfers start the downswing with an upper body move where they rotate their shoulders too horizontally around a spine that becomes tilted to the left (instead of being tilted to the right). I believe that the remedy lies in correct kinetic sequencing - as described in my downswing chapter. The right shoulder must move downplane at the start of the

downswing, so that the right forearm can be driven towards impact along an inside track. A golfer needs to understand the golf biomechanics that allow the right shoulder to move downplane, rather than move too horizontally, at the start of the downswing. I have described the biomechanics in great detail in my downswing chapter and my review paper on The Backswing and Downswing Hip Pivot Movements; Their Critical Role in the Golf swing. iii) Starting the downswing with a right pelvis rotary movement. A golfer who starts the downswing correctly with a lower body move can still go OTT if the lower body movement is not correct. The pelvis should shift left-laterally at the start of the downswing, and it should not rotate around in a hip spinning manner. If the right pelvis rotates outwards (towards the ball-target line) at the start of the downswing, then it will cause the right shoulder to also spin outwards and this will cause an OTT clubshaft movement and an out-to-in clubhead swingpath. A golfer needs to learn the correct pelvic shift-rotation move that is described in great detail in my downswing chapter and my review paper on The Backswing and Downswing Hip Pivot Movements; Their Critical Role in the Golf swing. Many golf instructors attempt to cure the OTT move by using obstacles placed in a golfer's clubshaft/clubhead path to try and induce the golfer to learn how to swing more from the inside.

Soft foam obstacle structure - from reference number [1]

This soft foam obstacle structure will obviously induce a golfer to find a "way" to come from the inside, instead of OTT, when he swings his clubshaft down towards the ball. Other golf instructors use other types of obstacle (eg. 2x4 wood plank, or plastic soft drink bottle, or a plastic ball basket) that they place just outside the ball-target line. I have no sympathy for this type of golf instruction, because although the golfer may learn a "way" to avoid hitting the obstacle, the "way" may not be optimum from a biomechanical perspective and a golfer may also not retain the memory of how to move the body/arms in the "same way" on the golf course when the obstacle is not visually present. My golf instructional website is based on optimum golf biomechanics and optimum golf mechanics, and I believe that a golfer must cognitively learn how to swing correctly. My review paper on How to Move the Arms, Wrists and Hands in the Golf Swing provides a golfer with the intellectual ammunition that will allow him to construct a biomechanically sound golf swing that is not vaguely based on "feel". I don't believe in vague "feel" golf instructional methods, and I believe that a golfer must know exactly what he is doing with his arms, wrists, hands at every moment in the swing. In other words, I believe that a golfer must learn how to have "educated hands". Push-slice ball flight pattern A push-slice ball flight pattern usually occurs due to an in-to-out clubhead swingpath combined with an open clubface (relative to the clubhead swingpath). I suspect that the most frequent cause of an excessive in-to-out clubhead swingpath is excessive pelvic sliding left-laterally towards the target at the start of the downswing. If the pelvis slides too far to the left at the start of the downswing, then the right shoulder tilts more vertically down towards the ground, instead of moving downplane. That causes the arms to also drop behind the right torso, and the arms get blocked ("trapped") behind the right hip area. The only way that a golfer can get the arms to bypass the right hip area is to slide them passed the right hip area in an in-to-out direction (relative to the ball-target line).

"Blocking" due to excessive sliding of the pelvis - from reference number [6] Note the excessive pelvic slide - the outer border of the left hip is outside the left foot. Note that the right shoulder has tilted down towards the right foot, and note how the right elbow gets trapped behind the right hip (instead of being in a pitch position in front of the right hip). If the golfer manages to get the right elbow to just scrape passed the right hip area, the arms/clusbhaft will be directed too much outwards (relative to the ball-target line). Also, it is very difficult (from a biomechanical perspective) to successfully complete a release swivel action that gets the right palm to face the target by impact - from that "blocked" position. The end-result will be an in-to-out clubhead swingpath and an open clubface (due to an incomplete release swivel action) and that combination will result in a push-slice ball flight pattern. The golfer must learn how to brace his left side, and create a "firm supportive left side" in the downswing, to prevent excessive pelvic sliding and I have described this remedial action in my downswing chapter.

Conclusion

I have participated in many online golf discussion forums, and the question of "how to cure a slice problem" is often introduced by a forum member, who has a slice problem. Many forum members subsequently offer advice without seeing a swing video of the golfer, and without accurately identifying the "true" cause of the slice problem. I believe that the cure of a slice must be causally connected to the cause of a slice - and because there are so many causes of a slice problem, there obviously must be many potentially useful remedial actions. The golf tip recommendation of using a "strong grip" is the most common recommendation offered in online golf discussion forums, but it obviously has no relevance to a golfer who has a slice problem that is not causally related to an incorrect grip (weak grip). An individual golfer may also have multiple causes of an "open clubface" swing fault and I believe that the slice problem will only be successfully cured if all the causes are accurately identified and corrected. Using a video camera to record the swing and then examining the videoed swing using a swing analyser program is highly recommended, because it is very difficult to identify all the causes of an open clubface without slowing the swing down to very slow speeds.

References: Jika pemain golf mahu mengamalkan memegang objek bulat menggunakan cengkaman neutral, maka dia harus mengamalkan gerakan mencapai keluar dalam cara yang neutral untuk memahami objek bulat (bir contohnya boleh) diletakkan secara langsung di hadapan lengan kirinya dilanjutkan (sementara memastikan bahawa sempadan jejari lengan kiri menghadap ke langit). Itu adalah jenis gerakan bahawa dia kemudian harus digunakan untuk memahami cengkaman bulat kelabnya.

Neutral cengkaman dan genggaman tangan yang lemah Imej 1 menunjukkan genggaman tangan neutral kiri di alamat (seperti yang dilihat dari kedudukan mata normal seorang pemain golf di alamat). Perhatikan bahawa pergelangan tangan kiri adalah sedikit berbentuk Cangkir (dorsiflexed) disebabkan kepada fakta bahawa tangan kiri menggenggam objek bulat. Perhatikan bahawa ibu jari kiri diletakkan hanya untuk hak pusat atas aci (sedikit belakang kelab). Perhatikan bahawa seseorang boleh dapat melihat dengan jelas dua tulang ketuk jari tangan kiri. Jumlah bekam di pergelangan tangan kiri bergantung kepada kedudukan tangan di alamat -

terdapat secara semulajadi akan lebih bekam jika tangan bergerak lebih dekat dengan kaki kanan daripada kaki kiri. Imej 2 menunjukkan genggaman tangan neutral kiri di kesan. Perhatikan bahawa terdapat ke hadapan batang kurus (kerana tangan hadapan clubhead di kesan). Perhatikan bahawa pergelangan tangan kiri adalah rata. Pergelangan tangan kiri rata kerana pergelangan tangan kiri adalah sedikit mengenai telapak tangan flexed (yang bermakna bahawa cengkaman clubshaft tidak berada dalam hubungan yang lurus dalam talian dengan lengan kiri). Imej 3 menunjukkan lemah genggaman tangan kiri di alamat. Perhatikan bahawa tangan mempunyai diputar lawan cengkaman supaya seseorang hanya boleh melihat satu membanting tulang tangan kiri. Perhatikan bahawa ibu jari diletakkan lurus ke atas aci. Perhatikan bahawa pergelangan tangan kiri muncul kurang berbentuk Cangkir (kurang dorsiflexed). Pemain golf harus mengelak daripada mengamalkan cengkaman yang lemah kerana ia mempengaruhi kepada clubface terbuka di kesan - kerana tangan adalah di hadapan clubhead di kesan (dengan itu menghasilkan hadapan aci kurus di kesan). Ramai pengajar golf rutin menasihati pelajar menggunakan cengkaman yang kuat apabila pelajar mereka mempunyai masalah keping - walaupun cengkaman mereka adalah neutral dan bukan punca masalah keping mereka. Saya berfikir bahawa ia adalah satu kesilapan yang pernah menasihati pemain golf untuk mengamalkan cengkaman yang kukuh. Genggaman yang kuat mempunyai banyak kelemahan, dan ia tidak semestinya mengubati "benar" punca masalah keping. Saya percaya bahawa cengkaman hanya biomechanically diterima adalah cengkaman neutral, atau cengkaman yang sedikit kuat (di mana seseorang boleh melihat tiga tulang ketuk jari tangan kiri). 3) clubface Terbuka pada kedudukan akhir ayunan ke belakang Jika pemain golf mempunyai cengkaman tangan neutral kiri di alamat, maka pergelangan tangan kiri akan muncul sedikit melengkung di alamat. Itu sepatutnya menjadi titik masa sahaja semasa ayunan ke belakang / downswing apabila pergelangan tangan kiri tidak rata. Secepat pemain golf bermula ayunan ke belakang, pergelangan tangan kiri harus secara automatik / pasif menjadi rata disebabkan untuk ijazah kecil akhiran telapak tangan

pergelangan tangan kiri disebabkan oleh lenturan pergelangan tangan kanan. Pergelangan tangan kanan harus bermula kembali lentur (dorsiflexing) pada permulaan tindakan Fleet, dan tahap pergelangan tangan lenturan betul progresif perlu meningkatkan semasa ayunan ke belakang. Ini pergelangan tangan kanan tindakan lenturan akan memastikan bahawa pergelangan tangan kiri masih rata semasa ayunan ke belakang dan bahawa ia adalah rata di kedudukan akhir ayunan ke belakang.

Kedudukan akhir ayunan ke belakang - daripada nombor rujukan 1 Imej 1 menunjukkan "betul" kedudukan pergelangan tangan / tangan kiri di kedudukan akhir ayunan ke belakang - ambil perhatian bahawa pergelangan tangan kiri adalah rata dan ambil perhatian bahawa clubface adalah selari dengan belakang pergelangan tangan kiri rata dan pada sudut ke tanah . Dalam pelajaran video swing beliau, Oliver Heuler negeri bahawa dia "meneutralkan" pergelangan tangan kiri dalam ayunan ke belakang, dan apa yang dia menerangkan hanya tindakan biasa mendatar pergelangan tangan kiri semasa ayunan ke belakang. Saya tidak suka beliau menggunakan perkataan "meneutralkan" kerana ia menunjukkan bahawa pergelangan tangan kiri tidak neutral di alamat - yang tidak benar. Saya percaya bahawa "rata pergelangan tangan kiri" fenomena akan berlaku secara automatik jika seseorang melakukan tindakan ayunan ke belakang betul. Jika seseorang menggunakan Fleet lengan tindakan yang betul seperti yang disyorkan dalam kertas kajian saya pada Bagaimana untuk Pindah Arms, Pergelangan tangan dan Tangan dalam Swing Golf - maka tangan kanan membawa tangan kiri ke kedudukan akhir ayunan ke belakang. Jika anggota kanan atas bergerak "betul" (lengan kanan luaran berputar di peringkat soket bahu kanan dan siku kanan progresif selekoh ke sudut 90 darjah dan pergelangan tangan kanan progresif selekoh ke belakang manakala selebihnya peringkat) maka ia harus membenarkan kiri pergelangan tangan / tangan untuk kekal rata seluruh tindakan ayunan ke belakang keseluruhan supaya satu berakhir dengan rata kiri pergelangan tangan / tangan pada kedudukan akhir-ayunan ke belakang (seperti dalam 1 imej). Lihat video ini swing pengajaran segmen bagi demonstrasi visual bagaimana lengan kiri / pergelangan tangan / tangan harus bergerak dalam ayunan ke

belakang - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9OQevIZS38. Perbincangan lengan kiri / pergelangan tangan / tangan usul daftar masuk bermula pada 3:15 minit dan berterusan dalam segmen video seterusnya http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOlhnUpqxHI. Imej 2 menunjukkan clubface terbuka pada kedudukan akhir ayunan ke belakang disebabkan oleh tindakan meluruskan pergelangan tangan kanan yang twirls cengkaman dalam tangan kiri. Itu tidak sepatutnya berlaku jika genggaman diadakan tegas dalam genggaman tangan kiri. Imej 3 menunjukkan clubface terbuka pada kedudukan akhir ayunan ke belakang kerana tangan kiri-up pembukaan tindakan (yang menyebabkan phalanges proksimal jari tangan kiri untuk menjadi lurus dalam talian dengan belakang tangan kiri. pemain golf tidak perlu membenarkan tangan kirinya untuk membuka semasa ayunan ke belakang, dan pemain golf perlu mengekalkan genggam firma akhir cengkaman kelab dengan 3, jari 4 dan 5 tangan kiri. Oliver Heuler tidak membincangkan apa yang saya percaya adalah punca yang paling biasa clubface terbuka pada kedudukan akhir ayunan ke belakang - suatu tindakan upcocking pergelangan tangan kanan. Dalam kertas kajian saya Bagaimana Pindah Arms, Pergelangan tangan dan Tangan dalam Swing Golf, saya diterangkan bagaimana anggota kanan atas mesti bergerak untuk menjaga clubshaft pada satah-dalam ayunan ke belakang. Saya nyatakan bahawa faktor utama yang menyimpan clubshaft pada satahadalah "betul" pergerakan pergelangan tangan kanan. Saya menyebut bahawa pergelangan tangan kanan mesti bengkok ke belakang semasa ayunan ke belakang manakala selebihnya peringkat. Pergelangan tangan kanan tidak mesti ke atas zakar semasa ayunan ke belakang. Jika ayam sabung pergelangan tangan kanan ke atas dalam downswing lewat, maka ia akan menggerakkan clubshaft satah luar dan menyebabkan ia melintasi garisan, dan ia juga akan menyebabkan bekam pergelangan tangan kiri dan clubface terbuka (kaki kelab akan menunjukkan lebih ke tanah).

Pengarang dengan pergelangan tangan kiri bekam dan clubface terbuka pada ayunan ke belakang akhirPerhatikan bahawa pergelangan tangan kiri saya tidak rata - ia adalah sedikit

berbentuk Cangkir. Itu adalah kerana mengangkat tangan dalam ayunan ke belakang lewat ditambah dengan tindakan upcocking pergelangan tangan kanan - yang menyebabkan clubshaft untuk bergerak luar satah dan melintasi garisan. Perhatikan bahawa kaki kelab menunjuk groundwards dan bahawa clubface tidak selari dengan lengan kiri - dan yang mewakili clubface terbuka. Jika pergelangan tangan kiri masih berbentuk Cangkir semasa downswing pertengahan awal, maka ia akan mempengaruhi clubface terbuka di kesan. 4) clubface Terbuka di kesan Jika pemain golf tidak mempunyai sebab-sebab yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya clubface terbuka (nombor 1-3), maka dia masih boleh mempunyai clubface terbuka di kesan jika dia tidak berjaya menyelesaikan tindakan pelepas berpusing oleh kesan. Semasa tindakan berpusing pelepas (yang berlaku apabila bergerak clubshaft dari kedudukan penyampaian kepada kedudukan kesannya), clubhead mempunyai memutarkan kira-kira 90 darjah supaya clubface boleh menjadi persegi oleh kesan. Beberapa faktor boleh menghalang kejayaan menyiapkan tindakan ini berpusing pelepasan oleh kesan. i) Satu clubface terbuka di kesan boleh berlaku jika pemain golf perubahan pelvis terlalu jauh meninggalkan sisi semasa downswing.

Oliver Heuler menunjukkan pelvis lebih-slaid tindakan - daripada nombor rujukan 1 Perhatikan bahawa sempadan luar pelvis kirinya (anak panah merah) adalah di luar kaki kiri, dan bahawa ia adalah kerana berlebihan gelongsor pelvis kiri kiri sisi semasa downswing. Apabila pelvis slaid terlalu jauh kiri-sisi, ia bergerak tulang belakang terlalu jauh ke kiri dan ia menyebabkan tangan untuk mendapat kesan terlalu jauh di hadapan bola dengan clubface terbuka. Untuk mengelakkan masalah ini, pemain golf perlu belajar bagaimana untuk bersedia beliau sebelah kiri semasa downswing. Saya telah membincangkan isu ini dalam bab downswing saya dan saya cadangkan ini berguna Shawn Clement swing video pengajaran yang membincangkan isu perembatan sebelah kiri. Shawn Clement swing video pengajaran -

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nI3i936JRd0 ii) Satu clubface terbuka di kesan boleh berlaku jika tangan bergerak terlalu jauh ke hadapan bola oleh kesan - walaupun batang tubuh berjaya dirembat supaya dapat mengelakkan berlebihan gelongsor sisi kiri pelvik.

Oliver Heuler menunjukkan kedudukan tangan terlalu jauh ke hadapan di kesan - dari nombor rujukan [1] Jika tangan terlalu jauh ke hadapan di kesan, maka ia mempengaruhi clubface terbuka di kesan. Pemain golf mesti mengelakkan mendapatkan tangan terlalu jauh ke hadapan oleh kesan dengan mengelakkan sebarang faktor predisposing - i) berayun tangan terlalu cepat ke arah kesan supaya tangan dapat memberi kesan jauh di hadapan clubhead; ii) aktif memohon menolak tekanan dengan hak lengan di PP # 1 pada downswing pertengahan lewat yang menolak tangan kiri terlalu cepat / jauh ke dalam kesan. Ijazah clubface terbuka di kesan juga dipengaruhi oleh kedudukan bola. Kembali lagi kedudukan bola, semakin besar kemungkinan clubface akan terbuka (untuk jawatan yang diberikan tangan di kesan) kerana terdapat masa yang kurang untuk menyelesaikan tindakan berpusing pelepasan. iii) Satu clubface terbuka di kesan boleh berlaku jika pemain golf cuba untuk mengekalkan kedudukan lag lewat terlalu jauh ke dalam downswing.

Oliver Heuler menunjukkan kenyataan lag Posisi lewat dari nombor rujukan [1] Ramai pemain golf amatur melihat pemain golf profesional tertentu (eg. Sergio Garcia) menggunakan tindakan pelepasan lewat di mana pemain golf pro mengekalkan 90 darjah lengan kiri clubshaft sudut untuk kedudukan ini (lihat gambar atas) dalam downswing lewat mereka, dan mereka cuba untuk meniru bahawa tindakan oleh buatan "memegang clubshaft lag sudut pergelangan tangan kiri mereka". Walau bagaimanapun, ia adalah amat sukar untuk persegi clubface dari kedudukan lewat siaran media ini, dan ia sering akan mengakibatkan tindakan pelepasan yang tidak lengkap jika pemain golf tidak mempunyai kemahiran untuk menyelesaikan tindakan dibebaskan oleh

kesan. Dengan cuba tiruan "memegang 90 darjah kiri lengan clubshaft lag sudut" sehingga lewat dalam downswing, pemain golf mengganggu semulajadi / automatik-empar disebabkan tindakan melepaskan dan ia menjadi lebih kurang berkemungkinan bahawa clubface akan menjadi persegi oleh kesan . Seorang pemain golf, yang raksasa, mesti mempunyai pergelangan tangan santai, kerana pergelangan tangan kaku menghalang kejayaan menyiapkan tindakan berpusing kenyataan semulajadi. 5) Buka clubface semasa impak. Semasa tindakan raksasa biasa, clubface harus 1-2 darjah terbuka pada masa sentuhan bola pertama, dan ia harus terus untuk menutup dalam tempoh masa sentuhan bola clubface. Clubface harus persegi kepada sasaran pada masa yang tepat pemisahan bola clubface dalam usaha untuk bola pergi lurus. Jika clubface menutup sedikit sebagai clubhead melalui kesan (disebabkan tindakan hinging mendatar), maka ia akan memberikan ijazah kecil putaran cabutan pada bola. Bola akan pergi lurus dan cenderung untuk jatuh ke kiri pada akhir penerbangan bola. Sebaliknya, jika clubface membuka sedikit sebagai clubhead melalui kesan (disebabkan tindakan menegak hinging [roll tindakan terbalik] yang menghasilkan clubface bersantai), maka ia akan memberikan ijazah kecil keping putaran pada bola. Bola akan cenderung untuk pergi lurus tetapi ia akan keluk ke kanan semasa penerbangan bola lewat disebabkan kehadiran putaran keping. Jumlah yang keping bola ke kanan bergantung kepada sama ada satu lagi punca clubface terbuka hadir - kerana mereka akan bertindak bersama-sama untuk meningkatkan jumlah bola keluk ke kanan. Lihat bab kesan saya untuk maklumat lanjut mengenai tindakan yang mendatar / bersudut / menegak hinging.

Buka clubface disebabkan laluan clubhead curam

Clubshaft biasanya pada sudut 40-50 darjah ke tanah di kesan, dan tunggal clubhead harus selari dengan tanah. Sudut clubshaft tepat pada kesan bergantung kepada kelab - yang curam untuk papan pendek, berbanding papan hutan dan panjang. Jika clubshaft adalah pada sudut yang terlalu curam di kesan, maka clubface akan sedikit terbuka walaupun genggaman adalah neutral dan walaupun clubface adalah selari dengan belakang tangan kiri di alamat.

Oliver Heuler menunjukkan hakikat bahawa clubshaft tegak menyebabkan clubface untuk menjadi sedikit terbuka - dari nombor rujukan [1] Perhatikan bahawa pensil, yang menegak untuk clubface, mata ke kanan. Perhatikan bahawa tumit kelab adalah lebih tinggi daripada kaki kelab disebabkan sudut clubshaft curam. Terdapat beberapa punca laluan clubshaft curam melalui zon impak (selain OTT langkah yang saya akan membincangkan secara berasingan). i) Curam clubshaft laluan corak yang disebabkan oleh tangan yang tinggi di alamat.

Oliver Heuler menunjukkan swing curam - dari nombor rujukan [1] Pemain golf boleh memegang clubshaft beliau di alamat supaya clubshaft adalah dalam hubungan yang lurus dalam talian dengan lengan kiri (imej 1). Ini kedudukan tangan yang tinggi boleh disebabkan untuk memegang akhir cengkaman kelab dalam kedudukan pertengahan sawit - dengan ujung kelab berada di atas pad tumit (hypothenar kemuliaan) tangan kiri. Pemain golf yang kemudian mengangkat ke atas tangannya di sepanjang jalan yang curam semasa ayunan ke belakang (imej 2). Jika pemain golf buaian clubshaft ke jalan yang curam yang sama, maka clubshaft akan menjadi sangat curam di kesan, dan clubface berkemungkinan untuk bersikap terbuka. Pemain golf juga boleh memegang clubface terbuka "dalam arah sasaran dalam followthrough, yang boleh memburukkan lagi masalah clubface terbuka. Ini jenis masalah clubface terbuka memerlukan bahawa pemain golf belajar bagaimana untuk cengkaman kelab betul di bawah pad tumit tangan kiri, jadi bahawa terdapat satu sudut di antara lengan kiri dan clubshaft di alamat. Pemain golf yang kemudian juga perlu belajar bagaimana untuk melaksanakan pangsi ayunan ke belakang "betul" tindakan yang putar dalam alam semula jadi. Yang akan membolehkan pemain golf untuk memperoleh lengan kiri yang cetek dan sudut clubshaft semasa ayunan ke belakang dan downswing.

ii) laluan curam clubshaft akibat selekoh berlebihan pada paras pinggul.

Oliver Heuler menunjukkan postur yang terlalu bengkok ke atas alamat - dari nombor rujukan [1] Jika selekoh pemain golf berlebihan di pinggang (aras pinggang), maka ia mempengaruhi kepada ayunan ke belakang clubshaft laluan curam. Perhatikan bahawa ujung clubshaft yang menunjuk pada jari imej dalam 2 apabila ia perlu menunjuk pada baris bola sasaran pada titik masa ini dalam ayunan ke belakang pertengahan. Perhatikan bahawa terdapat bengkok lutut sedikit di alamat, dan ini "lutut sengit" keadaan menghalang pelvis dari mudah berputar. Hampir semua putaran batang tubuh adalah disebabkan oleh badan atas (bahu) putaran. Bahu berputar serenjang sekitar tulang belakang bengkok ke atas, dan yang menyebabkan bahu, dan oleh itu tangan / clubshaft, berputar dalam satah yang lebih menegak - seperti roda raksasa. Masalah ini boleh mudah diperbaiki jika pemain golf yang menggunakan jumlah yang betul selekoh di peringkat pinggul. Jika pemain golf mempunyai postur yang "betul" di alamat, maka garisan menegak yang dilukis melalui tengah-tengah lengan kanan perlu lulus hanya di hadapan lutut dan memukul tanah di peringkat kaki (atau hanya di hadapan jari kaki).

Nick Faldo alamat postur - dari nombor rujukan [5] Perhatikan bahawa Nick Faldo mempunyai bengkok lebih pada paras lutut dan bengkok kurang pada paras pinggul, dan bahawa garis hijau hits tanah hanya di hadapan jari kaki beliau. iii) jalan clubshaft curam kerana menterbalikkan pivoting.

Oliver Heuler menunjukkan suatu tindakan Fleet yang salah dan sebaliknya pivoting - dari nombor rujukan [1]

Pemain golf boleh memulakan tindakan Fleet satu keping dengan bergerak clubhead keluar ke arah garis bola sasaran manakala bersandar batang tubuh atas ke kiri. Ini menyebabkan clubshaft untuk berakhir dalam kedudukan yang curam di atas tulang selangka kanan (tulang kolar). Terdapat biasanya tiada putaran batang tubuh yang lebih rendah (pelvis) semasa jenis ini tindakan ayunan ke belakang, dan pelvis sama ada bergoyang ke kanan atau ia kekal statik. Apabila pemain golf yang bermula downswing, ia adalah sukar untuk memulakan downswing dengan "betul" penjujukan kinetik (badan yang lebih rendah bergerak pertama, bahagian atas badan bergerak kedua) dan downswing boleh bermula dengan pergerakan lengan yang melemparkan senjata / clubshaft ke tanah sepanjang jalan yang curam yang pas hanya di hadapan bahu kanan. / Senjata clubshaft trek turun mendadak ke arah bola di depan batang tubuh kanan atas - kerana tidak ada ruang di bawah bahu kanan. Pemain golf yang sering berakhir memegang clubface terbuka melalui kesan (imej 3).

Oliver Heuler menunjukkan pangsi terbalik dan "rock-and-blok" tindakan - dari nombor rujukan [1] Dalam contoh ini, Oliver Heuler menunjukkan badan gerakan "rock-and-blok". Semasa ayunan ke belakang, pemain golf tilts kepalanya ke kiri manakala pelvis bergoyang ke kanan. Beliau kemudian mengangkat senjata dan clubshaft curam ke atas kedudukan atas lehernya. Semasa downswing, pemain golf bergoyang pelvis yang leftwards dalam untuk memperoleh miring ke sebelah kanan tulang belakang oleh kesan, dan sisi ini untuk dan berulang alik bergoyang gerakan, yang menyebabkan giliran bahu curam dalam ayunan ke belakang / downswing, menghasilkan gerakan bahawa John Jacobs dipanggil " rock-and-blok ". Tangan dan clubshaft turun terlalu curam ke bola dan clubface itu terbuka di kesan, mengakibatkan dalam tembakan tolak-dihiris. Songsang pivoting adalah kesilapan swing utama, yang memerlukan pembinaan semula lengkap tindakan ayunan ke belakang pemain golf. A terbalik pivoting pemain golf mesti belajar bagaimana untuk melakukan ayunan ke belakang pangsi tindakan "betul" seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh Brady Riggs dalam video buaian berikut.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvOr5nNqYEw

Brady Riggs menunjukkan pangsi terbalik dan "betul" tindakan pangsi Satu garis kuning telah disediakan sepanjang sempadan luar paha kanan Brady Riggs / pinggul di alamat. Dalam imej 1, seseorang boleh melihat bahawa Brady Riggs telah dibenarkan pinggul kanannya untuk slaid ke kanan pada awal ayunan ke belakang dan bahawa dia adalah menjaga kepalanya "dgn teliti" pegun semasa ayunan ke belakang keseluruhan. Yang menyebabkan tulang belakangnya untuk sengetkan ke kiri ke kedudukan pangsi terbalik. Imej 2 menunjukkan apa yang berlaku pada permulaan downswing yang apabila seseorang bermula downswing dari kedudukan pangsi terbalik. Kerana tangan sempit dan tidak ada ruang di bawah bahu kanan untuk senjata untuk bergerak ke bola, pemain golf terbalik pivoting cenderung untuk membuang tangannya ke hadapan atas garisan kaki dalam satu langkah yang curam over-the-top. Imej 3 menunjukkan pergerakan ayunan ke belakang pangsi "betul". Perhatikan bahawa Brady Riggs telah berputar pelvis, yang menyebabkan punggung kanannya untuk bergerak leftwards dan ke belakang (dari baris bola sasaran). Perhatikan bahawa "udara" muncul antara pelvis betul dan garis kuning, yang merupakan tanda pinggul yang betul betul pangsi pergerakan. Perhatikan bahawa terdapat sejumlah besar ruang di bawah bahu kanan bagi tangan untuk bergerak ke bola, dan bahawa tidak ada rasa sekatan lengan. Satu boleh juga akal, bahawa apabila downswing bermula dengan gerakan pelvis anjakan putaran ke kiri, siku kanan akan pasif dirobohkan untuk kawasan pinggul kanan, dan bahawa senjata akan jatuh ke bawah di sepanjang lengan downswing yang "betul" swingpath. Saya telah menyifatkan tindakan ini secara terperinci dalam kertas kajian saya on Ayunan dan Downswing Pergerakan Pivot Hip; Peranan Kritikal mereka dalam buaian Golf.

Tarik keping corak bola penerbangan

Tarik keping corak bola penerbangan adalah biasanya disebabkan oleh gabungan luar ke dalam clubhead swingpath dan clubface terbuka (relatif

kepada swingpath clubhead). Pemain golf yang mempunyai keluar ke dalam clubhead swingpath akan tarik bola kiri jika clubface persegi swingpath clubhead di kesan. Untuk mengelakkan bola akan ditinggalkan, pemain golf yang mungkin cuba untuk mengarahkan bola ke arah sasaran dengan mencuba untuk "memegang clubface terbuka" dalam arah sasaran melalui kesan, dan ini akan mengakibatkan clubface terbuka relatif kepada swingpath clubhead. Hasilnya ialah tarik keping corak bola penerbangan. Bola akan bermula dalam arah yang hanya untuk sebelah kiri sasaran dan keluk ke kanan (dari clubhead yang swingpath). Saya percaya (seperti Oliver Heuler) bahawa pemain golf tarik keping pertama harus membetulkan masalah swingpath clubhead sebelum beliau menangani masalah clubface terbuka. Masalah clubface terbuka hanya boleh hilang jika keluar ke dalam masalah swingpath clubhead diperbetulkan, kerana masalah clubface terbuka boleh menjadi satu mekanisme reaktif bahawa pemain golf menerima pakai untuk mencegah penerbangan kiri tarik bola. Terdapat beberapa punca keluar-ke-di swingpath clubhead, dan saya akan membincangkan mereka dalam urutan. Out-dalam clubhead swingpath masalah disebabkan kepada postur alamat yang salah Pemain golf boleh menjana keluar ke dalam swingpath clubhead kerana bahunya dibuka di alamat dan bola diletakkan terlalu jauh ke hadapan.

Golfer di alamat - dari nombor rujukan [6] 1 dalam imej, bola kedudukan yang baik ke hadapan kaki kiri dan bahu adalah terbuka pada alamat. Ini kedudukan alamat mempengaruhi kepada kesan-to-di swingpath clubhead melalui. Masalahnya selalunya boleh diperbetulkan dengan menggerakkan bola kembali beberapa inci, dan dengan memastikan bahawa bahu adalah squre ke sasaran bola di alamat (imej 2). Out-dalam clubhead swingpath disebabkan oleh ayunan ke belakang

kesilapan i) Seorang pemain golf yang mengambil kelab di dalam terlalu cepat dalam ayunan ke belakang awal (Fleet) akan sering tersekat di pertengahan ayunan ke belakang, dan dia akan berakhir sehingga mengangkat senjata dalam ayunan ke belakang lewat. Bahawa tindakan ayunan ke belakang maka akan menyebabkan dia gelung kelab atas bahu kanannya dalam usaha OTT pada permulaan downswing itu.

Luar dalam clubhead swingpath - dari nombor rujukan [4] Ayunan ke belakang tidak betul / downswing jalan clubhead digambarkan dalam hitam, dan yang ideal (ModelPro) clubhead swingpath digambarkan dalam warna biru [4]. Semasa tindakan ayunan ke belakang yang salah, jalan clubhead adalah terlalu rata dan terlalu dalam dalam ayunan ke belakang awal, dan ia kemudian menjadi lebih curam dalam ayunan ke belakang lewat sebagai pemain golf yang mengangkat tangan ke kedudukan akhir ayunan ke belakang. Pemain golf maka bermula downswing dengan pergerakan atas badan / lengan yang melemparkan OTT clubshaft atas bahu kanan, dan clubshaft turun terlalu curam ke bola sebelum perjalanan keluar ke dalam kesan melalui. Berikut adalah "kehidupan sebenar" contoh masalah ayunan itu.

Contoh tindakan ayunan ke belakang yang salah dan bergerak OTT yang terhasil dari nombor rujukan [7] Perhatikan bahawa pemain golf yang mempunyai postur alamat miskin - dia terlalu bengkok ke atas di pinggang dengan belakang bulat dan terdapat pembengkokan lutut yang tidak mencukupi (imej 1). Perhatikan bahawa dia mula Fleet dengan segera berputar pelvis beliau dan beliau menarik dalam clubshaft terlalu cepat (imej 2).

Beliau kemudian mengangkat kelab ayunan ke belakang akhir dengan mengangkat tangannya (imej 3). Beliau kemudian bermula downswing dengan satu langkah atas badan / lengan yang menerbangkan clubshaft atas bahu kanannya (imej 4). Tangannya / clubshaft kemudian turun terlalu curam ke bawah bola (imej 5) dan dia akan kemudiannya swing out-to-in melalui kesan. Jika anda melihat video swing, anda akan ambil perhatian bahawa pengajar golf mengesyorkan bahawa pemain golf perlu memulakan tindakan Fleet ayunan ke belakang dengan menolak akhir cengkaman kelab kembali dengan menolak belakang tangan kiri sambil berputar bahu kiri kembali. Saya sendiri berpendapat bahawa terdapat satu cara yang lebih baik daripada memulakan tindakan Fleet ayunan ke belakang - menggunakan Fleet tindakan lengan kanan. Saya telah diterangkan Fleet lengan tindakan yang betul dengan terperinci dalam saya Bagaimana Pindah Arms, Pergelangan tangan dan Tangan dalam kertas Golf Swing ulasan. Fleet saya disyorkan tindakan berdasarkan pergerakan badan biomechanically semulajadi yang membolehkan pemain golf untuk menjaga clubshaft pada satah-semasa ayunan ke belakang manakala bergerak clubshaft dari pesawat tangan (di alamat) untuk pesawat bahu bertukar (oleh ayunan ke belakang akhir). ii) menyebabkan ayunan ke belakang lain yang mempengaruhi langkah OTT. Satu elemen penting bahawa pemain golf keperluan untuk mencapai dalam ayunan ke belakang adalah untuk mendapatkan tangan secukupnya "mendalam" - cukup jauh dari garis bola sasaran supaya tangan yang dekat dengan bahu kanan pada akhir ayunan ke belakang. Tangan tidak harus berakhir di atas leher atau akhir tengah tulang selangka kanan pada akhir ayunan ke belakang, kerana ia adalah sukar untuk mengelakkan tangan daripada pergi OTT atas bahu kanan pada permulaan downswing itu (walaupun satu bermula downswing betul dengan satu langkah badan yang lebih rendah).

Pengarang menunjukkan kedudukan tangan yang boleh diterima pada akhir ayunan ke belakang

Imej 1 menunjukkan kedudukan tangan kanan di akhir ayunan ke belakang (apabila clubshaft adalah selari dengan garis bola sasaran). Tangan adalah di belakang dan di atas bahu kanan. Seorang pemain golf fleksibel hanya mungkin mampu untuk mendapatkan tangan bertentangan dengan bahu kanan - imej 2/3. Lengan kiri harus terletak di suatu tempat antara garisan merah putus-putus dan garis biru bertitik dalam 1 imej. Ia adalah merugikan lengan kiri yang terlalu curam pada akhir ayunan ke belakang - melihat garisan putus-putus kuning - kerana yang akan mempengaruhi bergerak OTT pada permulaan downswing itu. Terdapat beberapa sebab mengapa pemain golf boleh mendapatkan lengan kiri menjadi terlalu curam pada akhir ayunan ke belakang. Ia mungkin disebabkan oleh kegagalan untuk pangsi memutar pelvis semasa ayunan ke belakang. Jika pelvis adalah statik semasa ayunan ke belakang, maka seorang pemain golf fleksibel tidak mungkin dapat berputar bahu yang cukup untuk mendapatkan tangan yang cukup "mendalam" oleh akhir ayunan ke belakang. Cukup "dalam" tangan juga mungkin disebabkan oleh hakikat bahawa pemain golf yang mengangkat tangan lurus sehingga (menegak ke tanah) semasa Fleet. Semua ini "curam kiri lengan kedudukan" masalah boleh dielakkan jika pemain golf menggunakan Fleet lengan kanan dengan putaran batang tubuh yang mencukupi yang mendapat tangan ke kedudukan berhampiran bahu kanan oleh akhir tindakan ayunan ke belakang - seperti yang digambarkan dalam Bagaimana saya Gerakkan Arms, Pergelangan tangan dan Tangan dalam kertas Golf Swing ulasan. Out-dalam clubhead swingpath disebabkan downswing kesilapan Punca yang paling biasa langkah OTT dan keluar ke dalam clubhead swingpath adalah disebabkan oleh pemain golf bermula downswing dengan pergerakan lengan yang tidak betul dan / atau pergerakan putaran bahagian atas badan dan / atau pergerakan pelvik putar. i) Memulakan downswing dengan pergerakan lengan OTT. Menurut untuk Oliver Heuler, sebab yang paling biasa mengapa pemain golf pergi OTT pada permulaan downswing itu (yang menyebabkan keluar-ke-di swingpath clubhead) adalah disebabkan oleh hakikat bahawa pemain golf yang melemparkan keluar tangannya di permulaan downswing yang , supaya

tangan tidak lama lagi garisan kaki.

Oliver Heuler menunjukkan satu langkah OTT - dari nombor rujukan [1] Terdapat pengajar golf tertentu yang mengajar ayunan lengan, bukannya buaian didorong oleh pangsi (yang merupakan kaedah swing yang disyorkan dalam laman web golf ini). Terdapat beberapa varian metodologi ayunan lengan kiri, tetapi mereka semua menganggap bahawa tangan akan bergerak ke bola di sepanjang trek "betul" - turun-dan-keluar-dan ke hadapan sepanjang jalan tangan optimum. Malangnya, swingers lengan banyak (yang mula downswing dengan pergerakan lengan) menggerakkan tangan mereka terlalu banyak keluar (ke arah garis bola sasaran) dan tangan tidak lama lagi garisan kaki dalam usaha OTT. Ini menyebabkan siku kanan "terapung di angkasa" (lihat imej 1) apabila siku kanan harus bergerak ke kawasan pinggul kanan pada permulaan downswing itu. Malah jika raksasa lengan betul membawa siku kanan ke arah kawasan pinggul yang betul, mereka mungkin mempunyai "salah" kecondongan tunjang - kecondongan leftwards tunjang (lihat imej 2) bukannya sebelah kanan kecondongan tunjang - dan ini juga menyebabkan keluar-dalam clubhead swingpath. Ubat approriate adalah penjujukan kinetik yang betul - bermula downswing dengan satu langkah badan yang lebih rendah anjakan putaran => meningkat ke sebelah kanan kecondongan tunjang (kecondongan paksi sekunder) => bahu kanan bergerak downplane => senjata bergerak terakhir sepanjang trek "betul" di dalam keluar di bawah bahu kanan. Lihat bab downswing saya untuk maklumat lanjut. ii) Bermula downswing dengan langkah roundhousing bahu kanan. Walaupun Oliver Heuler percaya bahawa ini bukanlah penyebab biasa bergerak OTT, saya melihat ramai pemain golf pergi OTT kerana mereka memutar bahu kanan mereka terlalu mendatar dengan cara roundhousing. Masalah ini amat biasa dalam pemain golf yang mula downswing langkah menyelam dengan bahagian atas badan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah seterusnya.

Pergerakan bahagian atas badan menyelam dari nombor rujukan [4] Ramai pemain golf mula downswing dengan langkah badan atas mana mereka berputar bahu mereka terlalu mendatar sekitar tulang belakang yang menjadi condong ke kiri (bukan yang condong ke kanan). Saya percaya bahawa ubat terletak dalam penjujukan kinetik betul - seperti yang diterangkan dalam bab downswing saya. Bahu kanan mesti bergerak downplane pada permulaan downswing yang, supaya lengan yang betul boleh dipandu ke arah kesan sepanjang trek dalam. Pemain golf perlu memahami biomekanik golf yang membolehkan bahu kanan untuk bergerak downplane, bukannya bergerak terlalu melintang, pada permulaan downswing itu. Saya telah diterangkan biomekanik dalam terperinci dalam bab downswing saya dan kertas kajian saya on Ayunan dan Downswing Pergerakan Pivot Hip; Peranan Kritikal mereka di Golf swing. iii) Memulakan downswing dengan pergerakan pelvis putar yang betul. Seorang pemain golf yang bermula downswing betul dengan satu langkah badan yang lebih rendah masih boleh pergi OTT jika pergerakan badan yang lebih rendah tidak betul. Pelvis perlu beralih kiri sisi pada permulaan daripada downswing, dan ia tidak harus berputar sekitar dalam cara pinggul berputar. Jika pelvis kanan berputar keluar (ke arah garis bola sasaran) pada permulaan downswing itu, maka ia akan menyebabkan bahu kanan untuk berputar keluar juga dan ini akan menyebabkan pergerakan OTT clubshaft dan keluar ke di swingpath clubhead. Pemain golf perlu untuk belajar yang betul pelvik anjakan putaran langkah yang diterangkan secara terperinci dalam bab downswing saya dan kertas kajian saya on Ayunan dan Downswing Pergerakan Pivot Hip; Peranan Kritikal mereka di Golf swing. Pengajar golf Ramai yang cuba untuk menyembuhkan langkah OTT dengan menggunakan halangan yang diletakkan dalam clubshaft / seorang pemain golf laluan clubhead untuk mencuba dan mendorong pemain golf untuk belajar bagaimana untuk swing lebih dari dalam.

Buih lembut halangan struktur - dari nombor rujukan [1]

Ini busa lembut halangan struktur jelas akan mendorong pemain golf untuk mencari "cara" untuk datang dari dalam, bukannya OTT, apabila dia perubahan clubshaft ke arah bola. Pengajar golf yang lain menggunakan jenis lain halangan (contohnya 2x4 papan kayu, atau botol plastik minuman ringan, atau bakul bola plastik) bahawa mereka meletakkan hanya di luar garis bola sasaran. Saya tidak mempunyai simpati bagi jenis ini arahan golf, kerana walaupun pemain golf yang boleh belajar "cara" untuk mengelakkan memukul halangan, "cara" tidak mungkin optimum dari perspektif biomekanik dan pemain golf mungkin juga tidak mengekalkan ingatan tentang bagaimana untuk bergerak badan / tangan dalam "cara yang sama" di padang golf apabila halangan tidak adalah visual hadir.

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The Lower Body and the Spine

Todd Graves 11th July 2010 Swing

Not what you might think

Common misperceptions of the lower body movement

Introduction: If you truly desire to become a better ball-striker, it is mandatory that you start to pay attention to your biomechanics. The only way to do this is to start video taping your golf swing to understand exactly what is happening. The following pictures demonstrate the movement of the lower body.

Picture 1: From the face on view, you can mark the lower spine to examine that the spine appears to move forward. Many instructors have declared this to be a lateral movement and even taught this.

Picture 2: Pictures however, are very deceiving as a back view of the same swing shows that the spine actually returns to the original position at impact. What does this really mean?

Picture 3: This means that from address to impact, the hips must rotate to achieve proper spine movement as the parts of the body are all connected.

Picture 4: Correct Spine movement from address is to rotate the hips into a stationary trail leg

Picture 4a: and only re-rotate into the stable lead leg. This is where the spine can return to its original position.

Picture 5: By returning the spine to the original position, the shoulders and arms can deliver the club to impact on plane.

Otot korset bahu kiri: Left shoulder girdle muscles

Major Muscles and Joints Used During the Golf Swing

The Golf swing involves nearly every muscle and joint in the body. As such, it is very difficult to pick just a few to highlight as the most important. For simplicity, we have attempted to highlight a variety of the major muscles and joints utilized during the various subsections of the full Golf swing. This list is not allencompassing but does provide a solid basis.
Upswing, or Backswing

In general, the upswing phase (figure 1.1), also known as the backswing, is performed with much less tension and physical stress throughout the body than the remainder of the Golf swing. In this phase, balance, proprioception, and joint and muscle mobility are often more important than actual muscle strength. Having sufficient external rotation and retraction of the trail-side shoulder complex (the right shoulder in a right-handed golfer) and abduction, internal rotation, and protraction on the target side (the left shoulder in a right-handed golfer) while also possessing sufficient internal rotation of the trail hip, external rotation of the target hip, and spinal rotation is more important than how strong the big muscle groups are. The problem with many golfers fitness programs is a lack of time spent on increasing mobility or flexibility. If a golfer is restricted in his ability to move his body into a desirable position while remaining in balance during the upswing, the remainder of the Golf swing is negatively affected regardless of the muscular strength or explosiveness of that athlete. Although this phase of the swing uses mostly a golfers mobility, some muscles provide a stable base so others can maximize their movements. During the upswing, the golfer must load the quadriceps, gluteus medius, and gluteus maximus in the trail leg and the obliques as the golfer coils toward the top of this phase of the Golf swing. When these muscles work efficiently, the latissimus dorsi, infraspinatus, rhomboids, obliques, and multifidi can elongate properly to achieve the correct, full position of the upswing. A great deal of time during Golf lessons is spent attempting to attain positions in the backswing. Average and even high-level golfers spend very little time on the downswing or follow-through. During fitness training, most golfers do work on developing adequate motion throughout their bodies. However, many golfers may be unable to properly achieve the positions the Golf professional wants. When positive changes are not seen, the result is frustration for both players and professionals and may lead to injury and poor performance. When golfers increase their mobility to match the motion the instructor is trying to get them to create during the upswing, more time can be spent learning the downswing, impact, and follow-through phases of the swing.

Downswing

The transition from the upswing to the downswing (figure 1.2) requires great coordination by the athlete and an ability to separate the lower body and pelvis from the upper body. The transition between these two phases of the swing is initiated by the golfer moving the lower body into position to allow for the greatest muscular efficiency. One of the primary objectives is to position the targetside knee over the outside aspect of the target foot. This puts the golfer in proper alignment for the quadriceps muscles to contract and straighten the knee, the gluteus maximus muscle to contract to create hip extension, and the muscles of the hip rotator cuff (piriformis, gluteus medius and minimus,

and obturators) to contract to create both lateral stability within the hip and internal rotation of the hip joint, all on the target-side leg. The trail-side leg uses the quadriceps, adductor magnus, hamstrings, gluteus maximus, and gastrocnemius muscles to create knee extension, hip extension, and ankle plantar flexion to help drive the golfers weight onto the left side. The activation of the muscles in the legs helps drive the golfer into the ground and position the player so that the arms are able to move into position and create the desired angles of attack. In the core, the obliques and psoas major are highly activated, creating a crunchlike position as the golfers hips extend and his pelvis tilts in a relatively posterior fashion (the belt buckle starts to point up) while his chest remains over the ball. The target-side latissimus dorsi helps pull the golfer onto his target side while countering the force generated by the pectoralis muscles on both sides of the golfers body.

Follow-Through

The follow-through movement in the Golf swing (figure 1.3) allows for deceleration of the body, specifically the arms, postimpact. This phase of the Golf swing is very taxing because the muscles must work predominantly through eccentric contractions to slow down the body. The golfers entire coreobliques, quadratus lumborum, psoas major, and transversus and rectus abdominis works at maximum power to produce force and decelerate the body. The latissimus dorsi and the muscles that stabilize the shoulder blade to the spine and rib cage (serratus anterior, rhomboids, levator scapulae) as well as the muscles of the rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis) help protect the shoulder joint from approaching its end range of motion under high velocity.

Otot utama dan Sendi Digunakan Dalam Swing Golf Golf swing melibatkan hampir setiap otot dan sendi di dalam badan. Oleh itu, ia adalah amat sukar untuk memilih hanya beberapa untuk menyerlahkan sebagai yang paling penting. Untuk memudahkan, kita telah cuba untuk menyerlahkan pelbagai sendi dan otot utama yang digunakan pada pelbagai subseksyen ayunan Golf penuh. Senarai ini tidak menyeluruh tetapi tidak menyediakan asas yang kukuh. Hairannya pukulan ke atas, atau Ayunan

Secara umum, fasa hairannya pukulan ke atas (Rajah 1.1), juga dikenali sebagai ayunan ke belakang, dilakukan dengan ketegangan lebih kurang dan tekanan fizikal di seluruh badan daripada baki Golf swing. Dalam fasa ini, kirakira, proprioception, dan sendi dan pergerakan otot selalunya lebih penting daripada kekuatan otot sebenar. Mempunyai putaran luaran yang mencukupi dan penarikan balik kompleks jejak-sampingan bahu (bahu kanan dalam pemain golf tangan kanan) dan penculikan, putaran dalaman, dan Penggambaran di sebelah sasaran (bahu kiri pemain golf tangan kanan) manakala juga memiliki putaran dalaman yang mencukupi pinggul jejak, putaran luaran pinggul sasaran, dan putaran tunjang adalah lebih penting daripada berapa kuat kumpulan otot besar. Masalah dengan program kecergasan pemain golf banyak 'adalah kekurangan masa yang dibelanjakan untuk meningkatkan mobiliti atau fleksibiliti. Jika pemain golf adalah terhad dalam keupayaan untuk menggerakkan badan ke kedudukan yang diingini manakala selebihnya dalam keseimbangan pada hairannya pukulan ke atas itu, baki Golf swing terjejas tanpa mengira kekuatan otot atau explosiveness atlet itu. Walaupun ini fasa ayunan menggunakan kebanyakannya mobiliti pemain golf, beberapa otot menyediakan asas yang stabil supaya orang lain boleh memaksimumkan pergerakan mereka. Semasa hairannya pukulan ke atas itu, pemain golf mesti memuatkan quadriceps, medius gluteus, dan gluteus maximus di kaki jejak dan obliques sebagai gegelung pemain golf ke arah atas fasa ini Golf swing. Apabila otot ini bekerja dengan cekap, Dorsi latissimus, infraspinatus, rhomboids, obliques, dan multifidi boleh memanjang betul untuk mencapai yang betul, kedudukan penuh hairannya pukulan ke atas itu. Banyak masa semasa Kelas Golf dibelanjakan cuba untuk mencapai jawatan dalam ayunan ke belakang. Pemain golf purata dan juga peringkat tinggi menghabiskan masa yang sangat sedikit pada downswing atau susulan. Semasa latihan kecergasan, kebanyakan pemain golf tidak bekerja membangunkan gerakan yang mencukupi di seluruh badan mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, pemain golf banyak mungkin tidak dapat betul mencapai kedudukan profesional Golf mahu. Apabila perubahan positif tidak dapat dilihat, hasilnya adalah kekecewaan bagi kedua-dua pemain dan profesional

dan boleh membawa kepada kecederaan dan prestasi yang lemah. Apabila pemain golf meningkatkan mobiliti mereka untuk dipadankan gerakan pengajar cuba untuk mendapatkan mereka untuk mewujudkan pada hairannya pukulan ke atas itu, lebih banyak masa dapat dibelanjakan pembelajaran downswing, kesan, dan susulan fasa ayunan.

Downswing Peralihan dari hairannya pukulan ke atas itu untuk downswing (Rajah 1.2) memerlukan koordinasi hebat oleh atlet dan keupayaan untuk memisahkan badan yang lebih rendah dan pelvis dari bahagian atas badan. Peralihan antara kedua-dua fasa ayunan dimulakan oleh pemain golf yang menggerakkan badan yang lebih rendah ke dalam kedudukan untuk membolehkan kecekapan otot terbesar. Salah satu objektif utama adalah untuk meletakkan lutut sasaran sampingan ke atas aspek luar kaki sasaran. Ini meletakkan pemain golf dalam jajaran yang betul untuk otot quadriceps kontrak dan meluruskan lutut, otot maximus gluteus kontrak untuk membuat lanjutan pinggul, dan otot cuff alat pemutar hop (piriformis, medius gluteus dan jari kelingking, dan obturators) untuk kontrak untuk mewujudkan keduadua kestabilan lateral dalam pinggul dan putaran dalaman sendi pinggul, semua di kaki tepi sasaran. Kaki jejak-sampingan menggunakan quadriceps, adductor magnus, hamstrings, gluteus maximus, dan otot gastrocnemius untuk mewujudkan lanjutan lutut, lanjutan pinggul, dan akhiran plantar buku lali untuk membantu memacu berat badan pemain golf ke sebelah kiri. Pengaktifan otot di kaki membantu memacu pemain golf ke dalam tanah dan kedudukan pemain supaya tangan mampu untuk bergerak ke kedudukan dan mewujudkan sudut yang dikehendaki serangan. Dalam teras, obliques dan psoas utama adalah sangat diaktifkan, mewujudkan kedudukan crunchlike seperti pinggul pemain golf memanjangkan dan pelvis tilts dalam fesyen agak posterior (buckle tali pinggang mula menunjukkan) manakala dadanya masih lebih bola. Tepi sasaran latissimus Dorsi membantu menarik pemain golf ke sebelah sasaran

semasa menentang daya yang dihasilkan oleh otot pectoralis pada kedua-dua belah badan pemain golf.

Ikut Lajak Pergerakan susulan dalam buaian Golf (rajah 1.3) membenarkan nyahpecutan badan, khususnya senjata, postimpact. Ini fasa Golf swing sangat sukar kerana otot perlu bekerja terutamanya melalui pengecutan aneh untuk melambatkan badan. Obliques keseluruhan pemain golf teras, quadratus lumborum, psoas utama, dan transversus dan rectus abdominiskerja pada kuasa maksimum untuk menghasilkan kuasa dan menurun badan. Dorsi latissimus dan otot yang menstabilkan bilah bahu ke tulang belakang dan tulang rusuk (serratus anterior, rhomboids, levator scapulae) serta otot cuff alat pemutar (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, Teres kecil, subscapularis) membantu melindungi bahu bersama daripada menghampiri akhir pelbagai gerakan bawah halaju tinggi