NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Curriculum & Syllabus for M.Tech. Degree Programme in Microelectronics and VLSI Design (2008 Admission Onwards)

CURRICULUM
FIRST SEMESTER Subject Code Core Courses ECC 601 ECC 602 ECC 603 ECC 604 ECC 692 ECC 693 ECC 691 Electives Elective 1 SECOND SEMESTER Subject Code Core Courses ECC 611 ECC 612 ECC 694 ECC 695 Electives Elective 1 Elective 2 Elective 3 THIRD SEMESTER Subject Code ECC 798 Name of subject L/T FOURTH SEMESTER Subject Code ECC 799 Project Work Name of the Subject Credits 12 Hours/Week (Min/Max) L/T P 40 P/S 40
Credit

Name of the Subject

Hours/Week L/T P/S

Semiconductor Device Theory and Modelling VLSI Technology Digital Integrated Circuit Design Analog Integrated Circuit Design I Micro Electronic Lab I Integrated Circuit Design Lab Seminar

3 3 3 3 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 3 3 2

Name of the Subject

Hours/Week L/T P/S

Analog IC Design II VLSI Design Micro Electronics Lab II VLSI Design Lab

3 3 0 0

0 0 2 3

3 3 3

0 0 0

Hours/ week

Project work

s 8

Credits

Credits

3 3 3 3 2 2 1

3 3 1 2

3 3 3

Subject Code

Name of the Subject

L/T

Electives
ECD 602 Digital Communication Techniques ECD 603 Information Theory ECE 603 Multi Rate Signal Processing ECB 621 High Speed Digital Design ECD 604 Communication Networks

3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 0 3 3 3

0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0

ECB 601 Design of Digital Signal Processing Systems ECB 602 System Design using Embedded Processors ECC 621 Advanced Circuit Analysis ECE 622 ECD 611 ECD 612 ECE 631 ECD 621 ECB 622 ECD 622 ECD 635 ECD 623 ECB 611 ECC 622 ECC 623 ECC 624 ECC 625 ECC 626 ECC 627 ECE 611 ECC 628 ** **** Image & Video Processing Theory of Error Control Coding Estimation & Detection Theory Wavelets ; Theory & Construction Wireless Communication Digital System Design Optical Communication Selected Topics in Networks Secure Communication Electronic System Design MOS Device Modeling Compound Semiconductors: Properties & Application Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Foundation of VLSI CAD Testing & Verification of VLSI Circuits Semiconductor Power Devices Adaptive Signal Processing Nanoelectronics

Any other subject offered in the Institute with the consent of Course Coordinator/Faculty Advisor

Credits

Hours/Week (Min/Max)

3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3

SYLLABUS

ECC 601 SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE THEORY AND MODELING

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Prerequisite: An undergraduate course in semi conductor physics Module 1: (13 hours) Review of quantum mechanics, Electrons in periodic lattices, E-k diagrams, Quasi-particles in semiconductors, electrons, holes and phonons. Boltzmann transport equation- Mobility and diffusivity; Carrier statistics; Continuity equation, Poisson's equation and solution Module 2: (14 hours) Junction devices- Schottky, homo and hetero-junction band diagrams and V-I characteristics and models-Physics of Bipolar junction t transistors Module 3: (8 hours) Semiconductor surfaces; The ideal and non-ideal MOS capacitor band diagrams and CVs; Effects of oxide charges, defects and interface states; Characterization of MOS capacitors: HF and LF CVs. Module 4: (7 hours) Review of MOSFET- Short channel and narrow channel effects- High field effects.
Text Books 1. Fundamentals of Modern VLSI Devices : Yuan Taur & Tak H Ning, Cambridge University Press, 1998. 2. High speed semiconductor devices: S M Sze, John Wiley, 1990 3. Quantum Heterostructures : Vladimir V Mitin, Viatcheslav A Kochelap and Michael A Stroscio, Cambridge University Press, 2000. 4. Modern Semiconductor Device Physics, S.M. Sze, Wiley (1998) ISBN 0-471-15237-4 5. Solid State Electronic Devices, 5th Edition, Ben G. Streetman (2000), ISBN 0-13-025706-0 6. Semiconductor Device Fundamentals, Robert F. Pierret, Addison-Wesley (1995), ISBN 020154393-1 7. Semiconductor Physics and Devices: Basic Principles, Donald A Neamen, McGraw-Hill (1997) ISBN 0-256-24214-3

ECC 602 VLSI TECHNOLOGY

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Prerequisite: Nil Module 1: (10 hours) Material properties-phase diagram and solid solubility-Clean room and safety requirementsCrystal growth-wafer cleaning-Epitaxy Module 2: (13 hours) Oxidation technologies in VLSI and ULSI-.Kinetics of Silicon dioxide growth both for thick, thin and ultra thin films- Characterization of oxide films- High k and low k dielectrics for ULSISolid State diffusion modeling and technology; Ion Implantation modeling, damage annealing Module 3: (13 hours) Photolithography, E-beam lithography and newer lithography techniques for VLSI/ULSI.CVD techniques for deposition of films; Etching- Evaporation and sputtering techniques- metal interconnects; Multi-level metallization schemes. Plasma etching and RIE techniques Module 4: (6 hours) Process integration-NMOS, CMOS and Bipolar process.
Text Books 1. C.Y. Chang and S.M.Sze (Ed), ULSI Technology, McGraw Hill Companies Inc, 1996. 2. S.K. Ghandhi, VLSI Fabrication Principles, John Wiley Inc., New York, 1983. 3. S.M. Sze (Ed), VLSI Technology, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1988. 4. James Plummer, M. Deal and P.Griffin, Silicon VLSI Technology, Prentice Hall Electronics and VLSI series, 2000. 5. Stephen Campbell, The Science and Engineering of Microelectronics, Oxford University Press, 1996.

ECC 603 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN Pre-Requisite : An under graduate course on MOS transistors Module 1: (10 hours) CMOS inverters -static and dynamic characteristics Module 2: (10 hours) Static and Dynamic CMOS design- Domino and NORA logic - combinational and sequential circuits -Method of Logical Effort for transistor sizing -power consumption in CMOS gatesLow power CMOS design Module 3: (12 hours) Arithmetic circuits in CMOS VLSI - Adders- multipliers- shifter -CMOS memory design - SRAM and DRAM Module 4: (6 hours) Bipolar gate Design- BiCMOS logic - static and dynamic behaviour -Delay and power consumption in BiCMOS Logic
Text Books 1. Sung-Mo Kang & Yusuf Leblebici, CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits - Analysis & Design, MGH, Second Ed., 1999 2. Jan M Rabaey, Digital Integrated Circuits - A Design Perspective, Prentice Hall, 1997 3. Ken Martin, Digital Integrated Circuit Design, Oxford University Press, 2000 4. R. J. Baker, H. W. Li, and D. E. Boyce, CMOS circuit design, layout, and simulation. New York: IEEE Press, 1998. 5. Analysis and Design of Digital Integrated Circuits, Third Edition, David A. Hodges, Horace G. Jackson, and Resve A. Saleh, McGraw-Hill, 2004.
L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

ECC 604 ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN I

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Pre-Requisite : An under graduate course on MOS transistors Module 1: (6 hours) MOS transistors- modeling in linear, saturation and cutoff high frequency equivalent circuit. Module 2: (12 hours) MOS current mirrors-sources. Common source, common gate and source follower stagescascode and Folded cascode structures- frequency response Module 3: (14 hours) MOS differential amplifiers -frequency response- CMOS operational amplifiers - one-stage opamps and two stage op-amps -Noise in opamps Module 4: (10 hours) Feedback-stability and frequency compensation- Nonlinearity and mismatch in MOS differential circuits.
Text Books 1. David A Johns & Ken Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design John Wiley and Sons, 2001 2. Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuit Tata-Mc GrawHill, 2002 3. Philip Allen & Douglas Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Oxford University Press,2002 4. R. Gregorian, G.C. Temes, "Analog MOS ICs for Signal Processing", Wiley 1986. ISBN: 0471097977

ECC 692 MICRO-ELECTRONICS LAB I

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2D Device Simulation and Process Simulations Based on the Course ECC 601& ECC 602

Reference Books: Same as that of ECC 601 and ECC 602

ECC 693 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN LAB

L 0 T 0 P 3 C 2

Lab assignments based on the Courses ECC 603 and ECC 604

Reference Books: same as that of ECC 603 and ECC 604

ECC 611 ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN II

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Pre-requisite :ECC 604 Analog IC Design I Module 1: (8 hours) Band gap references - PTAT current generation and constant Gm biasing Module 2: (10 hours) First and second order switched capacitor circuits - switched capacitor amplifiers-switched capacitor filters. Module 3: (12 hours) CMOS oscillators -ring oscillators-LC oscillators-VCO CMOS PLLs - non-ideal effects in PLLs - Delay locked loops and applications. Module 4: (12 hours) CMOS data converters -Medium and High-speed CMOS data converters- Over sampling converters. CMOS comparators-multipliers and wave shaping circuits
Text Books 1. David A Johns & Ken Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design John Wiley and Sons, 2001 2. Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuit Tata-McGrawHill, 2002 3. 3.Philip Allen & Douglas Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Oxford University Press, 2002 4. R. Gregorian, G.C. Temes, "Analog MOS ICs for Signal Processing", Wiley 1986. ISBN: 0471097977

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ECC 612 VLSI DESIGN

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Pre-requisite: An undergraduate or first level post graduate on Digital Design Module 1: (11 hours) Transistors and Layout: Wires and vias-design rules-Layout design and tools Interconnects: Delay through Interconnects-Standard cell based lay out. Module 2: (11 hours) Combinational network delay-Logic and interconnect design-Combinational logic testingsequential system design-timing strategies-sequential testing Module 3: (12 hours) Subsystem design principles-pipelining-data paths- programmable logic -Floor planning and routing- off chip connections-I/O architecture-architecture design Module 4: (8 hours) Hardware description languages-register transfer design-high level synthesis-architectures for low power-Chip design
Text Books 1. Wayne Wolf, Modern VLSI Design, Pearson Education Asia, Third Edition 2002 2. Weste and Eshraghian; CMOS VLSI Design, Addison-Wesley 3. Jacob Baker R., Harry W. Li & David E. Boyce, CMOS - Circuit Design, Layout & Simulation, PHI, 2000 4. Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, Second Edition, Neil H. E. Weste and Kamran Eshraghian, Addison Wesley, 1993. 5. Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, Third Edition, Neil H. E. Weste and David Harris, Addison Wesley, 2004

11

ECC 694 MICRO-ELECTRONICS LAB II

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3D Semiconductor Device Simulation Experiments

Reference Books: Same as that of ECC 603 & ECC 604

ECC 695 VLSI DESIGN LAB

L 0

T 0

P 3

C 2

Lab assignments based on ECC 606

Reference Books: Same as that of ECC 612

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ECD 602 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

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Prerequisite: A first course in Digital Communication at the undergraduate level Module 1: Random Variables and Processes (6 hours) Review of Random variable: Moment generating function, Chernoff bound, Markov,s inequality, Chebyshev,s inequality, Central limit Theorem, Chi square, Rayleigh and Rician distributions, Correlation, Covariance matrix- Stationary processes, wide sense stationary processes, ergodic process, cross correlation and autocorrelation functions-Gaussian proces Module 2: Communication over Additive Gaussian Noise Channels (4 hours) Characterization of Communication Signals and Systems- Signal space representationConnecting Linear Vector Space to Physical Waveform Space- Scalar and Vector Communication over Memory less Channels. Optimum waveform receiver in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels - Cross correlation receiver, Matched filter receiver and error probabilities. (4 hours) Optimum Receiver for Signals with random phase in AWGN Channels- Optimum receiver for Binary Signals- Optimum receiver for M-ary Orthogonal signals- Probability of error for envelope detection of M-ary Orthogonal signals. (5 hours) Optimum waveform receiver for coloured Gaussian noise channels- Karhunen Loeve expansion approach, whitening. (5 hours) Module 3: Digital Communication over Fading Channels (6 hours) Characterization of Fading Multipath Channels- Statistical Models for Fading Channels-Time Varying Channel Impulse response- Narrow band Fading Models- Wideband Fading ModelsChannel Correlation Functions- Key Multi path parameters- Rayleigh and Ricean Fading Channels. Optimum non-coherent receiver in random amplitude, random phase channels- Performance of non-coherent receiver in random amplitude, random phase channels- Performance in Rayleigh and Rician channels- Performance of digital Modulation schemes such as BPSK, QPSK, FSK, DPSK etc over wireless Channels. (6 hours) Module 4: Communication over Band limited Channels (6 hours) Communication over band limited Channels- Optimum pulse shaping- Nyquist criterion for zero ISI, partial response signaling- Equalization Techniques- Zero forcing linear EqualizationDecision feedback equalization.
Text Book: 1. J.G. Proakis, Digital Communication, MGH 4TH edition, 1995. Reference Books: 1. Edward. A. Lee and David. G. Messerschmitt, Digital Communication, Allied Publishers (second edition). 2. J Marvin.K.Simon, Sami. M. Hinedi and William. C. Lindsey, Digital Communication Techniques, PHI. 3. William Feller, An introduction to Probability Theory and its applications, Vol 11, Wiley 2000. 4. Sheldon.M.Ross, Introduction to Probability Models, Academic Press, 7th edition.

13

ECD 603 INFORMATION THEORY

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Prerequisite: A first course in Probability Theory and Random Processes Module 1: Entropy and Loss less Source coding (9 hours) Entropy- Memory less sources- Markov sources- Entropy of a discrete Random variable- Joint, conditional and relative entropy- Mutual Information and conditional mutual information- Chain relation for entropy, relative entropy and mutual Information- Lossless source coding- Uniquely decodable codes- Instantaneous codes- Krafts inequality - Optimal codes- Huffman codeShannons Source Coding Theorem. Module 2: Channel Capacity and Coding Theorem (12 hours) Asymptotic Equipartition Property (AEP)- High probability sets and typical sets- Method of typical sequence as a combinatorial approach for bounding error probabilities. Channel Capacity- Capacity computation for some simple channels- Arimoto-Blahut algorithmFanos inequality- Shannons Channel Coding Theorem and its converse- Channels with feed back- Joint source channel coding Theorem. Module 3: Continuous Sources and Channels (12 hours) Differential Entropy- Joint, relative and conditional differential entropy- Mutual informationWaveform channels- Gaussian channels- Mutual information and Capacity calculation for Band limited Gaussian channels- Shannon limit- Parallel Gaussian Channels-Capacity of channels with colored Gaussian noise-Water filling. Module 4: Rate Distortion Theory (9 hours) Introduction - Rate Distortion Function - Properties - Continuous Sources and Rate Distortion measure - Rate Distortion Theorem - Converse - Information Transmission Theorem - Rate Distortion Optimization.
Text Books: 1. T. Cover and Thomas, Elements of Information Theory, John Wiley & Sons 1991. Reference Books: 1. Robert Gallager, Information Theory and Reliable Communication, John Wiley & Sons. 2. R. J. McEliece, The theory of information & coding, Addison Wesley Publishing Co., 1977. 3. T. Bergu, Rate Distortion Theory a Mathematical Basis for Data Compression PH Inc. 1971. 4. Special Issue on Rate Distortion Theory, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, November 1998.

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ECE 603 MULTIRATE SIGNAL PROCESSING

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Pre-requisites : Digital Signal Processing, Digital Filters Module 1: Fundamentals of Multirate Theory (12 hours) (a) The sampling theorem - sampling at subnyquist rate - Basic Formulations and schemes. (b) Basic Multirate operations- Decimation and Interpolation - Digital Filter Banks- DFT Filter Bank- Identities- Polyphase representation (c) Maximally decimated filter banks: Polyphase representation - Errors in the QMF bankPerfect reconstruction (PR) QMF Bank - Design of an alias free QMF Bank Module 2: M-channel perfect reconstruction filter banks (9 hours) Uniform band and non uniform filter bank - tree structured filter bank- Errors created by filter bank system- Polyphase representation- perfect reconstruction systems Module 3: Perfect reconstruction (PR) filter banks (12 Hours) Paraunitary PR Filter Banks- Filter Bank Properties induced by paraunitarity- Two channel FIR paraunitary QMF Bank- Linear phase PR Filter banks- Necessary conditions for Linear phase property- Quantization Effects: -Types of quantization effects in filter banks. - coefficient sensitivity effects, dynamic range and scaling. Module 4: Cosine Modulated filter banks (8 Hours) Cosine Modulated pseudo QMF Bank- Alas cancellation- phase - Phase distortion- Closed form expression- Polyphase structure- PR Systems
Text Books: 1. P.P. Vaidyanathan. Multirate systems and filter banks. Prentice Hall. PTR. 1993. 2. N.J. Fliege. Multirate digital signal processing . John Wiley 1994. Reference Books: 1. Sanjit K. Mitra. Digital Signal Processing: A computer based approach. McGraw Hill. 1998. 2. R.E. Crochiere. L. R. Multirate Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall. Inc.1983. 3. J.G. Proakis. D.G. Manolakis. Digital Signal Processing: Principles. Algorithms and Applications, 3rd Edn. Prentice Hall India, 1999.

15

ECB 621 HIGH SPEED DIGITAL DESIGN

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Prerequisite: Nil Module 1: Introduction to high-speed digital design (10 hours) Frequency, time and distance - Capacitance and inductance effects - High seed properties of logic gates - Speed and power -Modelling of wires -Geometry and electrical properties of wires Electrical models of wires - transmission lines - lossless LC transmission lines - lossy LRC transmission lines - special transmission lines Module 2: Power distribution and noise (10 hours) Power supply network - local power regulation - IR drops - area bonding - onchip bypass capacitors - symbiotic bypass capacitors - power supply isolation - Noise sources in digital system - power supply noise - cross talk - intersymbol interference Module 3: Signalling convention and circuits (10 hours) Signalling modes for transmission lines -signalling over lumped transmission media - signalling over RC interconnect - driving lossy LC lines - simultaneous bi-directional signalling terminations - transmitter and receiver circuits Module 4: Timing convention and synchronisation (12 hours) Timing fundamentals - timing properties of clocked storage elements - signals and events -open loop timing level sensitive clocking - pipeline timing - closed loop timing - clock distribution syncronisation failure and metastability - PLL and DLL based clock aligners
Text Books 1. William S. Dally & John W. Poulton; Digital Systems Engineering, Cambridge University Press, 1998 2. Howard Johnson & Martin Graham; High Speed Digital Design: A Handbook of Black Magic, Prentice Hall PTR, 1993 3. Masakazu Shoji; High Speed Digital Circuits, Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1996 4. Jan M, Rabaey, et all; Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design perspective, Second Edition, 2003

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ECE 622 IMAGE & VIDEO PROCESSING

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Pre-requisite : Nil Module 1: (9 Hrs) Image representation: Gray scale and colour Images, image sampling and quantization. Two dimensional orthogonal transforms: DFT, WHT, Haar transform, KLT, DCT. Image enhancement - filters in spatial and frequency domains, histogram-based processing, homomorphic filtering. Edge detection - non parametric and model based approaches, LOG filters, localisation problem. Module 2: (10 Hrs) Image Restoration: Degradation Models, PSF, circulant and block - circulant matrices, deconvolution, restoration using inverse filtering, Wiener filtering and maximum entropy-based methods. Image Segmentation: Pixel classification, Bi-level thresholding, Multi-level thresholding, P-tile method, Adaptive thresholding, Spectral & spatial classification, Edge detection, Hough transform, Region growing. Module 3: (10 Hrs) Fundamental concepts of image compression - Compression models - Information theoretic perspective Fundamental coding theorem - Lossless Compression: Huffman Coding- Arithmetic coding - Bit plane coding - Run length coding - Lossy compression: Transform coding - Image compression standards. Module 4: (10 Hrs) Video Processing: Representation of Digital Video, Spatio-temporal sampling; Motion Estimation; Video Filtering; Video Compression, Video coding standards. Texts/References 1.1. A. K. Jain, Fundamentals of digital image processing, Prentice Hall of India, 1989. 2.R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education. II Ed.,2002 3.W. K. Pratt, Digital image processing, Prentice Hall, 1989 4.A. Rosenfold and A. C. Kak, Digital image processing, Vols. 1 and 2, Prentice Hall, 1986. 5.H. C. Andrew and B. R. Hunt, Digital image restoration, Prentice Hall, 1977 6.R. Jain, R. Kasturi and B.G. Schunck, Machine Vision, McGraw-Hill International Edition, 1995 7.A. M. Tekalp, Digital Video Processing , Prentice-Hall, 1995 8.A. Bovik, Handbook of Image & Video Processing, Academic Press, 2000

17

ECD 604 COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

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Pre-requisite: A basic course in Computer Networks Module 1: Internet Architecture (10 hours) Architectural concepts in ISOs OSI layered model, layering in the Internet. TCP/IP protocol stack. Transport layer - TCP and UDP. Network layer - IP, routing, internetworking. Data link layer - ARQ schemes, multiple access, LANs. Module 2: Broadband services and QOS issues (10 hours) Quality of Service issues in networks- Integrated service architecture- Queuing DisciplinesWeighted Fair Queuing- Random Early Detection- Differentiated Services- Protocols for QOS support- Resource reservation-RSVP- Multi protocol Label switching- Real Time transport protocol. Module 3: Introduction to Queuing theory (12 hours) Markov chain- Discrete time and continuous time Markov chains- Poisson process- Queuing models for Data gram networks- Littles theorem- M/M/1 queuing systems- M/M/m/m queuing models- M/G/1 queue- Mean value analysis- Time reversibility- Closed queuing networksJacksons Networks. Module 4: Statistical Multiplexing in Communication Networks (10 hours) Multiplexing: Network performance and source characterization; Stream sessions in packet networks - deterministic analysis, stochastic analysis, circuit multiplexed networks; Elastic transfers in packet networks - adaptive bandwidth sharing.
Text books and references: 1. James. F. Kurose and Keith.W. Ross, Computer Networks, A top-down approach featuring the Internet, Addison Wesley, 2001. 2. D. Bertsekas and R. Gallager, Data Networks, PHI, 2000. 3. S. Keshav, An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking, Addison Wesley 4. Peterson L.L. & Davie B.S., Computer Networks: A System Approach, Morgan Kaufman Publishers. 5. Anurag Kumar, D. Manjunath, and Joy Kuri, Communication Networking: An Analytical Approach, Morgan Kaufman Publ. 2004.

18

ECB 601 DESIGN OF DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS

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Pre Requisite : Digital Signal Processing

Module 1: (8 hours) Introduction to a popular DSP from Texas Instruments - CPU Architecture - CPU Data Paths and Control - Timers - Internal Data/ Program Memory - External Memory Interface Laboratory: (10 hours) Module 2: (8 hours) Programming - Instruction Set and Addressing Modes - Code Composer Studio - Code Generation Tools - Code Composer Studio Debug Tools - Simulator Laboratory: (10 hours) Module 3: (7 hours) Digital Signal Processing Applications : Filter Design - FIR & IIR Digital Filter Design - filter Design programs using MATLAB - Fourier Transform: DFT, FFT programs using MATLAB Real Time Implementation : Implementation of Real Time Digital filters using DSP Implementation of FFT applications using DSP - DTMF Tone Generation and Detection Laboratory : 16 hours Module 4 ( 5 hrs): Current Trends in Digital Signal Processors / DSP Controllers - Architecture - DSP Applications. Laboratory : 6 hours
Text books: 1. Digital Signal Processing Implementation Using the TMS320C6000 DSP Platform, 1st Edition; by: Naim Dahnoun 2. Digital Signal Processing - A Student Guide, 1st Edition; by: T.J. Terrel and Lik-Kwan Shark; MACMILLAN PRESS ;Ltd. 3. Digital Signal Processing: A System Design Approach, 1st Edition; by: David J Defatta J, Lucas Joseph G & Hodkiss William S; John Wiley Reference Books: 1. DSP Applications using C and the TMS320C6X DSK, 1st Edition; by: Rulph Chassaing 2. Digital Signal Processing Design, 1st Edition; by: Andrew Bateman, Warren Yates 3. Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, 1st Edition; by: John G Proakis, Dimitris G Manolakis 4. A Simple approach to Digital Signal processing, 1st Edition; by: Kreig Marven & Gillian Ewers; Wiely Interscience 5. DSP FIRST - A Multimedia Approach, 1st Edition; by: JAMES H. McClellan, Ronald Schaffer and Mark A. Yoder; Prentice Hall 6. Digital Signal Processing, 1st Edition; by: Oppenheim A.V and Schafer R.W; PH

19

ECB 602 SYSTEM DESIGN USING EMBEDDED PROCESSORS

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Prerequisite: Nil Module 1: (10 hours) Microcontrollers Brief review of the 8 bit microcontroller 8051 - Programming , CPU Block diagram, Memory Organization, SFR s ,Ports and Interfacing -Introduction to a 16 bit micro controller 80186 High Speed Input, High Speed Output, Interrupts, ADC, PWM, Timers, Watch Dog Timer, Serial Port, I/O Port Module 2: (9 hours) Introduction to Embedded Systems: Characteristics of Embedded systems , Software embedded into a system .-General ideas of Processor and Memory organization - Processor and memory selection ,Interfacing to Memory and I/O devices- Devices and Buses- Device Drivers and Interrupt Servicing mechanisms Module 3: (13 hours) Inter-process Communication and Synchronisation of Processes ,Tasks and Threads: Multiple Processes in an Application - Data sharing by multiple tasks and routines- Inter Process Communication Real Time Operating Systems: Operating System Services , I/O Subsystems - Network Operating Systems - Real Time and Embedded System Operating systems Interrupt routines in RTOS Environments - RTOS Task Scheduling models , Interrupt Latency and response Times - Standardisation of RTOS - Ideas of Embedded Linux Module 4: (10 hours) Study of VX works - Case Studies of programming with RTOS - Case study /design using ARM processor/PIC microcontroller
Text Books: 1. Ajay V. DeshMukh , Microcontrollers -Theory and Applications, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publications 2. Rajkamal; Embedded Systems Architecture; Programming and Design; Tata McGraw Hill Publications. 3. Intel Manual for 80186 4. VxWorks Programmers guide 5. VxWorks Reference manual Reference Books: 1. Programming and Customizing the 8051 microcontroller, 1st Edition; by: Predko, Myke; McGraw Hill International 2. 8051 microcontroller: Architecture, Programming & Applications, 1st Edition; by: Ayala, Kenneth J 3. Real-time Systems - Jane Liu, PH 2000 4. Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis : An Engineer's Handbook: Phillip A Laplante 5. Structured Development for Real - Time Systems V1 : Introduction and Tools: Ward, Paul T & Mellor, Stephen J 6. Embedded Software Primer - Simon, David E. 7. Tornado API Programmers guide 8. Tornado Users guide 9. www.vxworks.com

20

ECC 621 ADVANCED CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

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Pre-requisite: An undergraduate course on Electric Circuit Analysis Module 1: (10 hours) Network topology: Matrices associated with graphs, the short circuit and open circuit operations, their generalization through the use of ideal transformers and vector space operations corresponding to these operations. Module 2: (10 hours) Theorems of Tellegen and Minty: Formal equivalence, areas of applications. The Implicit Duality Theorem and its applications Module 3: (12 hours) Multi port decomposition, ideal transformer resulting from the connection of ideal transformers, adjoint networks and systems, networks with decomposition methods based on altering network topology Module 4: (10 hours) Ideal diode, ideal transformer, resistor circuits and their relation to Linear and Quadratic Programming. Text Books 1. S.Seshu and M.B.Reed, Linear Graphs and Electrical Networks, Addison Wesley, 1961. 2. H.Narayanan, Submodular Functions and Electrical Networks, Annals of Discrete Maths, vol-54, North Holland,1997.

21

ECC 628 NANOELECTRONICS

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Pre-requisite: ECC 601 Module 1: Challenges going to sub-100 nm MOSFETs Oxide layer thickness, tunneling, power density, non-uniform dopant concentration, threshold voltage scaling, lithography, hot electron effects, sub-threshold current, velocity saturation, interconnect issues, fundamental limits for MOS operation. (8 hours)

Module 2 : Novel MOS-based devices Multiple gate MOSFETs, Silicon-on-insulator, Siliconon-nothing, FinFETs, vertical MOSFETs, strained Si devices (10 hours)

Module 3: Quantum structures quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots, Single electron devices charge quantization, energy quantization, Coulomb blockade, Coulomb staircase, Bloch oscillations (8 hours)

Heterostructure based devices Type I, II and III heterojunctions, Si-Ge heterostructure, heterostructures of III-V and II-VI compounds - resonant tunneling devices (8 hours)

Module 4: Carbon nanotubes based devices CNFET, characteristics, Spin-based devices spinFET, characteristics
Reference

(8 hours)

1. Mircea Dragoman and Daniela Dragoman: Nanoelectronics Principles & devices; Artech House Publishers, 2005 2. Karl Goser: Nanoelectronics and Nanosystems: From Transistors to Molecular and Quantum Devices, Springer 2005 3. Mark Lundstrom and Jing Guo: Nanoscale Transistors: Device Physics, Modeling and Simulation, Springer, 2005 4. Vladimir V Mitin, Viatcheslav A Kochelap and Michael A Stroscio: Quantum heterostructures; Cambridge University Press, 1999 5. S M Sze (Ed): High speed semiconductor devices, Wiley, 1990

22

ECD 611 THEORY OF ERROR CONTROL CODING L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Pre Requisite : A Basic in Digital Communication

Module 1: Finite Field Arithmetic (9 hours) Introduction, Groups- Rings- Fields- Arithmetic of Galois Field- Integer Ring- Polynomial Rings- Polynomials and Euclidean algorithm, primitive elements, Construction and basic properties of Finite Fields- Computations using Galois Field arithmetic- sub fields- Minimal polynomial and conjugates- Vector space- Vector Subspace- Linear independence. Module 2: Linear Block Codes (13 hours) Linear Block codes- Properties- Minimum Distance- Error detection and correction- Standard Array and Syndrome decoding- Hamming codes- Perfect and Quasi-perfect codes- Extended codes- Hadamard codes. Module 3: Cyclic Codes (7 hours) Basic theory of Cyclic codes- Generator and Parity check matrices - Cyclic encoders- Error detection & correction- decoding of cyclic codes- Cyclic Hamming codes- Binary Golay codesBCH codes- Decoding of BCH codes-The Berlekamp- Massey decoding algorithm. Reed Solomon codes- Generalized Reed Solomon codes- MDS codes. Module 4: Convolutional Codes (7 hours) Generator matrices and encoding- state, tree and trellis diagram- Transfer function -- Maximum Likelihood decoding Hard versus Soft decision decoding- The Viterbi Algorithm- Free distanceCatastrophic encoders. Soft Decision and Iterative Decoding(7 hours) Soft decision Viterbi algorithm- Two way APP decoding- Low density parity check codesTurbo codes- Turbo decoding
Text Books: 1. R.E. Blahut, Theory and Practice of Error Control Coding, MGH 1983. 2. W.C. Huffman and Vera Pless, Fundamentals of Error correcting codes, Cambridge University Press, 2003. 3. Shu Lin and Daniel. J. Costello Jr., Error Control Coding: Fundamentals and applications, Prentice Hall Inc, 1983. 4. Rolf Johannesson, Kamil Sh. Zigangirov, Fundamentals of Convolutional Coding, Universities Press (India) Ltd. 2001. 5. Sklar, Digital Communication, Pearson Education.

23

ECD 612 ESTIMATION AND DETECTION THEORY

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Pre-requisites: Linear algebra, Random Process Module 1: Detection theory Binary decisions - Single observation (10 hours) Maximum likelihood decision criterion; Neymann-Pearson criterion; Probability of error criterion; Bayes risk criterion; Minimax criterion; Robust detection; Receiver operating characteristics. Module 2: Binary decisions - Multiple observations (10 hours) Vector observations; The general Gaussian problem; Waveform observation in additive Gaussian noise; The integrating optimum receiver; Matched filter receiver. Module 3: Estimation theory a) Methods (5 hours) Maximum likelihood estimation; Bayes cost method Bayes estimation criterion - Mean square error criterion; Uniform cost function; absolute value cost function; Linear minimum variance Least squares method; Estimation in the presence of Gaussian noise - Linear observation; Nonlinear estimation. b) Properties of estimators (5 hours) Bias, E_ciency, Cramer Rao bound Assymptotic properties; Sensitivity and error analysis
Module 4:

a) State estimation (7 hours) Prediction; Kalman filter. b) Sufficient statistics and statistical estimation of parameters (5 hours) Concept of sufficient statistics; Exponential families of distributions; Exponential families and Maximum likelihood estimation; Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimation.
Text books: 1. James L. Melsa and David L. Cohn, Decision and Estimation Theory," McGraw Hill, 1978. 2. Dimitri Kazakos, P. Papantoni Kazakos, Detection and Estimation," Computer Science Press, 1990. 3. Steven M. Kay, Statistical Signal Processing: Vol. 1: Estimation Theory, Vol. 2: Detection Theory," Prentice Hall Inc., 1998. Reference books: 1. Harry L. Van Trees, Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory, Part 1," John Wiley & Sons Inc. 1968. 2. Jerry M. Mendel, Lessons in Estimation Theory for Signal Processing, Communication and Control," Prentice Hall Inc., 1995 3. Sophocles J. Orfanidis, Optimum Signal Processing," 2 nd edn., McGraw Hill, 1988. 4. Monson H. Hayes, Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modelling," John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1996.

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ECE 631 WAVELETS: THEORY AND CONSTRUCTION

L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Pre-requisites: Multirate systems and filter banks Module 1: Mathematical preliminaries (3 hours) Spaces: Linear spaces, Metric spaces, Eucledian spaces and Hilbert spaces. Fourier Theory: Generalized Fourier theory, Fourier transform, Short time Fourier transform, Time-frequency analysis, Theory of frames. Module 2: a) Wavelets The basic functions, Specifications, Admissibility condition, Continuous wavelet transform (CWT), Discrete wavelet transform (DWT). b) The multiresolution analysis (MRA) of L 2 (R) (5 hours) The MRA axioms, Construction of an MRA from scaling functions - The dilation equation and the wavelet equation, Compactly supported orthonormal wavelet bases - Necessary and sufficient conditions for orthonormality. c) Regularity of wavelets (4 hours) Smoothness and approximation order - Analysis in Soboleve space. Module 3: a) Construction of wavelets (1) (5 hours) Splines, Cardinal B-spline MRA, Subband filtering schemes, Compactly supported orthonormal wavelet bases. b) Wavelet transform (4 hours) Wavelet decomposition and reconstruction of functions in L 2 (R). Fast wavelet transform algorithms - Relation to filter banks. Module 4: a) Construction of wavelets (2) (7 hours) Biorthogonality and biorthogonal basis, Biorthogonal system of wavelets - construction, The Lifting scheme. b) Wavelet packets (3 hours) Representation of functions, Basis selection, Criteria for wavelet selection with examples.
Text books: 1. M. Vetterli, J. Kovacevic, Wavelets and subband coding" Prentice Hall Inc, 1995 2. Stephen G. Mallat, A wavelet tour of signal processing" 2 nd Edition Academic Press, 2000. 3. Gilbert Strang and Truong Q. Nguyen, Wavelets and filter banks" 2 nd Edition Wellesley-Cambridge Press, 1998. 4. L. Prasad and S. S. Iyengar, Wavelet analysis with applications to image processing" CRCPress, 1997. 5. J. C. Goswami and A. K. Chan, Fundamentals of wavelets: Theory, Algorithms and Applications" WileyInterscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1999. Reference books: 1. Mark A. Pinsky, Introduction to Fourier Analysis and Wavelets," Brooks/Cole Series inAdvanced Mathematics, 2002 2. Christian Blatter, Wavelets: A primer" A. K. Peters, Massachusetts, 1998. 3. M. Holschneider, Wavelets: An analysis tool" Oxford Science Publications, 1998. 4. R. M. Rao and A. Bopardikar, Wavelet transforms: Introduction to theory and applica-tions" Addison-Wesley, 1998. 5. Ingrid Daubechies, Ten lectures on wavelets" SIAM, 1990. 6. H. L. Resniko and R. O. Wells, Jr., Wavelet analysis: The scalable structure of informa-tion" Springer, 1998. 7. P. P. Vaidyanathan, Multirate systems and filter banks" Prentice Hall P T R, 1993. 8. P. Wojtaszczyk, A mathematical introduction to wavelets" Cambridge University Press 1997. 9. Michael W. Frazier, An introduction to wavelets through linear algebra" Springer-Verlag ,1999. 10. Anthony N. Michel and Charles J. Herget, Applied algebra and functional analysis" DoverPublications Inc., 1993.

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ECD 621 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Prerequisite: Digital Communication Techniques Module 1: Fading and Diversity (10 hours) Wireless Channel Models- path loss and shadowing models- statistical fading models- Narrow band and wideband Fading models- Review of performance of digital modulation schemes over wireless channels- Diversity- Repetition coding and Time Diversity- Frequency and Space Diversity- Receive Diversity- Concept of diversity branches and signal paths- Combining methods- Selective diversity combining - Switched combining- maximal ratio combining- Equal gain combining- performance analysis for Rayleigh fading channels. Module 2: Cellular Communication (8 hours) Cellular Networks- Multiple Access: FDM/TDM/FDMA/TDMA- Spatial reuse- Co-channel interference Analysis- Hand over Analysis- Erlang Capacity Analysis- Spectral efficiency and Grade of Service- Improving capacity - Cell splitting and sectorization. Module 3: Spread spectrum and CDMA (11 hours) Motivation- Direct sequence spread spectrum- Frequency Hopping systems- Time Hopping.Anti-jamming- Pseudo Random (PN) sequence- Maximal length sequences- Gold sequencesGeneration of PN sequences.-Diversity in DS-SS systems- Rake Receiver- Performance analysis. Spread Spectrum Multiple Access- CDMA Systems- Interference Analysis for Broadcast and Multiple Access Channels- Capacity of cellular CDMA networks- Reverse link power controlHard and Soft hand off strategies. Module 4: Fading Channel Capacity (8 hours) Capacity of Wireless Channels- Capacity of flat and frequency selective fading channelsMultiple Input Multiple output (MIMO) systems- Narrow band multiple antenna system modelParallel Decomposition of MIMO Channels- Capacity of MIMO Channels. Cellular Wireless Communication Standards (5 hours) Second generation cellular systems: GSM specifications and Air Interface - specifications, IS 95 CDMA- 3G systems: UMTS & CDMA 2000 standards and specifications
Text Books: 1. Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University press. 2. Simon Haykin and Michael Moher, Modern Wireless Communications, Person Education. Reference Books: 1. T.S. Rappaport, Wireless Communication, principles & practice, PHI, 2001. 2. G.L Stuber, Principles of Mobile Communications, 2nd edition, Kluwer Academic Publishers. 3. Kamilo Feher, Wireless digital communication, PHI, 1995. 4. R.L Peterson, R.E. Ziemer and David E. Borth, Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communication, Pearson Education. 5. A.J.Viterbi, CDMA- Principles of Spread Spectrum, Addison Wesley, 1995.

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ECB 622 DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN

L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Prerequisite: Nil

Module 1: Hardware Description Languages (13 hours) Introduction to VHDL - Behavioral Modeling - Transport vs Inertial Delay - Simulation Deltas Sequential Processing - Process Statement - Signal Assignment vs Variable Assignment Sequential Statements - Data Types - Subprograms and Packages - Predefined Attributes Configurations - Subprogram Overloading - VHDL synthesis - Design Examples Module 2: Sequential Circuit Design (10 hours) Analysis of Clocked sequential Networks - sequential parity checker - State tables and graphs General models for sequential networks - Derivations of State Graphs and Tables - sequence detector. Reduction of state Tables State Assignment - Sequential Network Design Module 3: Designing With Programmable Devices (9 hours) Programmable LSI Techniques - Programmable Logic Arrays - Programmable Array Logic Sequential PLDs - Sequential Circuit Design using PLDs - Complex Programmable Logic Devices and Filed Programmable Gate Arrays - Altera Series FPGAs and Xilinx Series FPGAs Module 4: Design Issues For Testability (10 hours) Introduction to Testing and Diagnosis Fault modeling : Logical fault models - Fault Detection and Redundancy - Fault Equivalence and Fault Location - Fault Dominance - Single stuck model - Multiple stuck model - Bridging faults Design for Testability: Testability -Ad hoc Design - Scan Registers and scan techniques Boundary scan standards Built in Self Test: Introduction - Test Pattern generation -Generic Off line BIST Architectures Compression Techniques -General aspects -Signature Analysis
Text Books 1. J. Bhasker; A VHDL Primer, Addison-Wesley, Third Edition, 2000 2. VHDL for Programmable Logic -Kevin Skahill ,Cypress Semiconductors 3. The Designers Guide to VHDL -Peter J Ashenden 4. VHDL -Douglas V.Perry 5. Charles H Roth, Fundamentals of Logic Design, Jaico Publishers 6. Charles H. Roth Jr; Digital System Design Using VHDL, PWS Pub. Co., 1998 7. Randy H. Katz; Contemporary Logic Design, Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co. 1995 8. Weste and Eshraghian; CMOS VLSI Design, Addison-Wesley

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ECD 622 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Prerequisite: Nil Module 1: (10 hours) Solution to Maxwells equation in a circularly symmetric step index optical fiber, linearly polarized modes, single mode and multimode fibers, concept of V number, graded index fibers, total number of guided modes (no derivation), attenuation mechanisms in fibers, dispersion in single mode and multimode fibers, dispersion shifted and dispersion flattened fibers, attenuation and dispersion limits in fibers, Kerr nonlinearity, self phase modulation, combined effect of dispersion and self phase modulation. Module 2: (9 hours) Optical sources - LED and laser diode - Principles of operation, concepts of line width, phase noise, switching and modulation characteristics . Optical detectors - pn detector, pin detector, avalanche photodiode - Principles of operation, concepts of responsivity, sensitivity and quantum efficiency, noise in detection, typical receiver configurations (high impedance and transimpedance receivers). Module 3: (12 hours) Coherent systems - Homodyne and heterodyne systems, coherent systems using PSK, FSK, ASK and DPSK modulations, related noise effects, performance degradation induced by laser phase and intensity noise, degradation due to fiber dispersion, degradation induced by nonlinear effects in fiber propagation. Module 4: (11 hours) Optical amplifiers - semiconductor amplifier, rare earth doped fiber amplifier (with special reference to erbium doped fibers), Raman amplifier, Brillouin amplifier - principles of operation, amplifier noise, signal to noise ratio, gain, gain bandwidth, gain and noise dependencies, intermodulation effects, saturation induced crosstalk, wavelength range of operation.
Text books: 1. Leonid Kazovsky, Sergio Benedetto and Alan Willner : `Optical Fiber Communication Systems , Artech House, 1996. 2. John Senior: `Optical Fiber Communications, Second Edition, PHI, 1992 3. Silvello Betti, Giancarlo De Marchis and Eugenio Iannone : `Coherent Optical Communications Systems, John Wiley, 1995. 4. G.P.Agrawal : `Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Second edition, Academic Press, 2000. Reference Books : 1. Gerd Keiser: Optical Fibre Communications (3rd Ed.), McGraw Hill, 2000. 2. John Gowar: Optical Communication Systems (2nd Ed.), Prentice Hall, 1993 3. Govind P. Agrawal: Fiber-Optic Communication Systems (3rd Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, 2002 4. C. DeCusatis: Fibre Optic Data Communication, Technological Trends and Advances, Academic Press 2002 5. Karminvov & T. Li: Optical Fibre Telecommunications,Vol A&B, Academic Press 2002

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ECD 635 SELECTED TOPICS IN NETWORKS

L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Pre-requisite: ECA 625 - Communication Networks Module 1: Wireless LANs and PANs (10 hours) IEEE 802.11 WLANs - protocol architecture, physical layer, MAC layer, analysis, deployment of 802.11 infrastructure; Bluetooth - protocol reference model, core protocols Module 2: Network and Transport Layers (10 hours) Mobile IP; Traditional TCP, Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile TCP; TCP/IP protocol stack over IEEE 802.11b; wireless adaptation layer (WAL) Module 3: Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETS) (11 hours) Introduction; MAC Protocols - classification, comparative analysis; Routing - reactive and proactive routing, power-aware routing, performance comparison; Quality of Service. Module 4: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) (11 hours) Overview/Architectures; Data Dissemination/Data Gathering; MAC Protocols; Sensor Management; Localization.
Text books and Reference Books: 1. C. Siva Ram Murthy and B. S. Manoj, Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols, Prentice Hall. 2. Jochen Schiller, Mobile Communications, Addison Wesley, 2000. 3. Ramjee Prasad and Luis Munoz, WLANs and WPANs towards 4G wireless, Artech House, 2003. 4. Current papers from JSAC, IEEE Trans. Networking, IEEE Trans. Wireless Communications, INFOCOM, MOBICOM

29

ECD 623 SECURE COMMUNICATION

L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Prerequisite: Nil Module 1: (10 hours) Rings and fields - Homomorphism- Euclidean domains - Principal Ideal Domains - Unique Factorization Domains -- Field extensions- Splitting fields - Divisibility- Euler theorem Chinese Remainder Theorem - Primality Module 2: (11 hours) Basic encryption techniques - Concept of cryptanalysis - Shannons theory - Perfect secrecy Block ciphers - Cryptographic algorithms - Features of DES - Stream ciphers - Pseudo random sequence generators - linear complexity - Non-linear combination of LFSRs - Boolean functions Module 3: (11 hours) Private key and Public key cryptosystems - One way functions - Discrete log problem Factorization problem - RSA encryption - Diffie Hellmann key exchange - Message authentication and hash functions -Digital signatures - Secret sharing - features of visual cryptography - other applications of cryptography Module 4: (10 hours) Elliptic curves - Basic theory - Weirstrass equation - Group law - Point at Infinity -Elliptic curves over finite fields - Discrete logarithm problem on EC - Elliptic curve cryptography Diffie Hellmann key exchange over EC - Elgamal encryption over EC - ECDSA
Text Books: 1. Douglas A. Stinson, Cryptography, Theory and Practice, 2nd edition, Chapman & Hall, CRC Press Company, Washington 2. William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, 3rd edition, Pearson Education Reference Books: 1. Lawrence C. Washington, Elliptic Curves, Chapman & Hall, CRC Press Company, Washington. 2. David S. Dummit, Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, John Wiley & Sons 3. Evangelos Kranakis, Primality and Cryptography, John Wiley & Sons 4. Rainer A. Ruppel, Analysis and Design of Stream Ciphers, Springer Verlag

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ECB 611 ELECTRONICS SYSTEM DESIGN

L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Prerequisite: Nil Module 1: (8 hours) Introduction to Electronic System Design: Life cycle of electronic system, the system perspective, system requirements. Packaging & Enclosures of Electronic System: Effect of environmental factors on electronic system (environmental specifications), nature of environment and safety measures. Packagings influence and its factors. Cooling in/of Electronic System: Heat transfer, approach to thermal management, mechanisms for cooling, operating range, basic thermal calculations, cooling choices, heat sink selection, heat pipes and thermal pillows, fans and forced air cooling, liquid cooling, evaporation and refrigeration, trade-offs in design. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC): Designing for EMC, EMC regulations, typical noise path, methods of noise coupling, methods of reducing interference in electronic systems. Module 2: (13 hours) Cabling of Electronic Systems: Capacitive coupling, effect of shield on capacitive coupling, inductive coupling, effect of shield on inductive coupling, effect of shield on magnetic coupling, magnetic coupling between shield and inner conductor, shielding to prevent magnetic radiation, shielding a receptor against magnetic fields, Inductive coupling- shielding properties of various cable configurations, coaxial cable versus shielded twisted pair, braided shields, ribbon cables. Grounding of Electronic Systems: Safety grounds, signal grounds, single-point ground systems, multipoint-point ground systems, hybrid grounds, functional ground layout, practical low frequency grounding, hardware grounds, grounding of cable shields, ground loops, shield grounding at high frequencies, guarded instruments. Balancing & Filtering in Electronic Systems: Balancing, power line filtering, power supply decoupling, decoupling filters, driving capacitive loads, high frequency filtering, system bandwidth. Shielding of Electronic Systems: Near fields and far fields, characteristic and wave impedances, shielding effectiveness, absorption loss, reflection loss, composite absorption and reflection loss, shielding with magnetic material, apertures, conductive gaskets, conductive windows, conductive coating, grounding of shields. Protection Against Electrostatic Discharges (ESD): Static generation, human body model, static discharge, ESD protection in equipment design, software and ESD protection, ESD versus EMC.

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Module 3: (12 hours) Analog & Mixed Signal Circuit Design Issues and Techniques: Understanding and interpreting data sheets and specifications of various passive and active components, non-ideal behavior of passive components, over voltage effects on analog integrated circuits - amplifier input stage over voltage, amplifier output voltage phase reversal, protecting integrated circuits from ESD, amplifier guard shields, amplifier decoupling. Selection of amplifiers for data converters. Properties of a high quality instrumentation amplifier. Design issues affecting dc accuracy & error budget analysis in instrumentation amplifier applications. Selection of isolation amplifiers. ADC and DAC static transfer function and DC errors, AC errors in Data converters and dynamic performance. Selecting An A/D Converter. Analog Signal handling for high speed and accuracy. Error budget considerations for an electronic system. Circuit layout and grounding in mixed signal system. Analog & Mixed Signal circuit and PCB design exercises. Module 4: (9 hours) Logic Circuit Design Issues and Techniques: Transmission lines, reflections and termination. Digital circuit radiation. Digital circuit layout and grounding. PCB design guidelines for reduced EMI. Basic design considerations for backplanes. Digital circuit & PCB design exercises.
Text Books 1. Electronic Instrument Design, 1st edition; by: Kim R.Fowler; Oxford University Press. 2. Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems, 2nd edition; by: Henry W.Ott;John Wiley&Sons. 3. Digital Design Principles& Practices, 3rd edition by: John F. Wakerly; Prentice Hall International,Inc.

32

ECC 622 MOS DEVICE MODELLING

L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Pre- requisite : ECC 601 Semiconductor Device Theory and Modeling Module 1: (12 hours) MOSFET overview-Two terminal MOS structure-surface properties- - Si-SiO2 interfaceinterface properties-Three terminal MOS structure- Four terminal MOS transistor-enhancement Depletion MOSFETs Module 2: (9 hours) MOSFET characteristics- short channel effects-channel and source drain engineering-scaling of MOSFET Module 3: (12 hours) MOS transistor in dynamic operation- Large signal Modelling- small signal model for low, medium and high frequencies. Module 4: (9 hours) SOI concept- SOI characteristics- threshold voltage of a SOI MOSFET- Multi-gate SOI MOSFETS - Alternate MOS structures.
Text Books 1. Metal Oxide Semiconductor - Physics and Technology. E H Nicollian, J R Brews John Wiely and Sons. 2. Semiconductor Devices Modelling and Technology Nandita Das Guptha , Amitava Das Guptha; Prentice Hall India 3. Silicon-on-insulator Technology : Materials to VLSI Jean- Pierrie Colinge kluwer Academic publishers group. 4. Operation and Modeling of The MOS transistor : Yannis Tsividis 2/e Oxford University Press

33

ECC 623 COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS- PROPERTIES & APPLICATIONS

L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Pre-requisite: An undergraduate or first level post graduate course in Semi conductors Module 1: (12 hours) III-V compound semiconductor device fabrication technology Module 2: (10 hours) Doping, bandgap engineering. Module 3: (11 hours) GaAs and InP high speed devices and IC design approaches. Module 4: (9 hours) Testing and failure mechanisms.
Text Books 1. GaAs High-Speed Devices: Physics, Technology and Circuit Applications C.Y. Chang, F. Kai ,Wiley 2. Cheng T. Wang, Ed., Introduction to Semiconductor Technology: GaAs and Related Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, 3. David K. Ferry, Ed., Gallium Arsenide Technology, Howard W. Sams & Co., 1985 4. Avishay Katz, Ed., Indium Phosphide and Related materials: Processing, Technology and Devices, Artech House, 1992. 5. High Speed Semiconductor Devices, S.M. Sze, Wiley (1990) ISBN 0-471-62307-5 6. Modern GaAs Processing Methods, Ralph E. Williams, Artech (1990), ISBN 0-89006-343-5, 7. Compound Semiconductor Device Physics, Sandip Tiwari, Academic Press (1991), ISBN 0-12691740-X

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ECC 624 MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Prerequisite: Nil Module 1: (10 hours) Overview of MEMS and Microsystems-working principles. Module 2: (12 hours) Materials for MEMs and Microsystems Module 3: (12 hours) Micro system fabrication process-Micro manufacturing Module 4: (8 hours) Packaging of Microsystems.
Text Books 1. MEMS and Microsystems: design and Manufacture; Tai-ran Su; Tata McGraw Hill 2. S.K. Ghandhi, VLSI Fabrication Principles, John Wiley Inc., New York, 1983. 3. S.M. Sze (Ed), VLSI Technology, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1988. 4. Microsensors, MEMS, and Smart Devices by Julian W. Gardner, V. K. Varadan, Osama O. Awadelkarim ISBN: 047186109X - John Wiley and Sons 5. Gere & Timoshenko, "Mechanics of Materials,3rd ed." PWS-KENT, 1990 6. Gregory T. A. Kovacs, "Micromachined Transducers Sourcebook" WGB/McGraw-Hill,2000 (ISBN: 0072907223) 7. M. Madou, "Fundamentals of Microfabrication, 2nd ed." CRC Press, 2002 (ISBN: 0849308267) 8. M. Elwenspoek & H. Jansen, "Silicon micromachining" Cambridge, 1998 (ISBN: 052159054) 9. S. Senturia, "Microsystem Design," Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001 (ISBN: 0792372468) 10. S. Sze, "Semiconductor Sensors," John Wiley & Sons, 1994 (ISBN: 0471546097)

35

ECC 625 FOUNDATIONS Of VLSI CAD

L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Prerequisite: Nil Module 1: (10 hours) Matrices: Linear dependence of vectors, solution of linear equations, bases of vector spaces, orthogonality, complementary orthogonal spaces and solution spaces of linear equations. Module 2: (12 hours) Graphs: representation of graphs using matrices; Paths, connectedness; circuits, cutsets, trees; Fundamental circuit and cutset matrices; Voltage and current spaces of a directed graph and their complementary orthogonality. Module 3: (12 hours) Algorithms data structures: efficient representation of graphs; Elementary graph algorithms involving bfs and dfs trees, such as finding connected and 2- connected components of a graph, the minimum spanning tree, shortest path between a pair of vertices in a graph Module 4: (8 hours) Data structures such as stacks, linked lists and queues, binary trees and heaps. Time and space complexity of algorithms.
Text Books 1. K. Hoffman and R.E. Kunze, Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall (India), 1986 2. N.Balabanian and T.A. Bickart, Linear Network Theory : Analysis, Properties, Design and Synthesis, Matrix Publishers, Inc., 1981. 3. T.Cormen, C.Leiserson and R.A.Rivest, Algorithms, MIT Press and McGraw-Hill, 1990. 4. Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, Second Edition, Neil H. E. Weste and Kamran Eshraghian, Addison Wesley, 1993. 5. Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, Third Edition, Neil H. E. Weste and David Harris, Addison Wesley, 2004.

36

ECC 626 TESTING AND VERIFICATION OF VLSI CIRCUITS

L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Prerequisite: An undergraduate or first level post graduate course in Digital IC Design Module 1: (10 hours) Scope of testing and verification in VLSI design process. Issues in test and verification of complex chips, embedded cores and SOCs. Module 2: (14 hours) Fundamentals of VLSI testing Fault models. Automatic test pattern generation. Design for testability. Scan design. Test interface and boundary scan. System testing and test for SOCs. Delay fault testing. Module 3: (9 hours) BIST for testing of logic and memories. Test automation. Design verification techniques based on simulation, analytical and formal approaches. Module 4: (9 hours) Functional verification. Timing verification. Formal verification. Basics of equivalence checking and model checking. Hardware emulation.
Text Books 1. M. Bushnell and V. D. Agrawal, "Essentials of Electronic Testing for Digital, Memory and MixedSignal VLSI Circuits", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000. 2. M. Abramovici, M. A. Breuer and A. D. Friedman, "Digital Systems Testing and Testable Design", IEEE Press, 1990. 3. T.Kropf, "Introduction to Formal Hardware Verification", Springer Verlag, 2000. 4. P. Rashinkar, Paterson and L. Singh, "System-on-a-Chip Verification-Methodology and Techniques", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. 5. Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, Second Edition, Neil H. E. Weste and Kamran Eshraghian, Addison Wesley, 1993. 6. Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, Third Edition, Neil H. E. Weste and David Harris, Addison Wesley, 2004.

37

ECC 627 SEMICONDUCTOR POWER DEVICES

L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Pre-requisite: An Under Graduate or first level Post Graduate course on Semiconductor Devices Module 1: High current effects in diodes (9 hours) Dependence of lifetime on high-level injection, non-uniform current distribution under high current injection. Module 2: Power Biploar transistors (11 hours) Onset of high-current effects in transistors; Theories of Kirk effect, crowding, pinch-in effects, second breakdown, etc; Emitter geometries for high current and HF operation. Module 3: SCR (8 hours) Theories of operation; Gate turn-off devices. Module 4: Power MOS devices (14 hours) VMOS & DMOS device structure and models; device packaging.-IGBT
Text Books 1. Power Semiconductor Devices, Baliga, B. Jayant, PWS Publishing Co., Boston, 1996 2. Power semiconductor devices: theory and applications, Benda, Vitezslav, John Gowar, and Duncan A. Grant, Chichester; New York: Wiley, c 1999 3. Modern Power Electronics, Evolution, Technology, and Application, Bose, Bimal K, IEEE Press, 1992. 4. Ramshaw, Raymond S., Power Electronics Semiconductor Switches, 2nd ed., London: Chapman & Hall (Kluwer) 5. Rashid, Muhammad H., Power Electronics, Circuits, Devices and Applications, 3rd ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2003.

38

ECE 611 ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING

L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3

Prerequisite: Nil Module 1: (11 hours) Adaptive systems - definitions and characteristics - applications - properties-examples - adaptive linear combiner-input signal and weight vectors - performance function-gradient and minimum mean square error - introduction to filtering-smoothing and prediction - linear optimum filteringorthogonality - Wiener - Hopf equation-performance surface Module 2: (10 hours) Searching performance surface-stability and rate of convergence - learning curve-gradient search - Newtons method - method of steepest descent - comparison - gradient estimation performance penalty - variance - excess MSE and time constants - misadjustments Module 3: (10 hours) LMS algorithm convergence of weight vector-LMS/Newton algorithm - properties - sequential regression algorithm - adaptive recursive filters - random-search algorithms - lattice structure adaptive filters with orthogonal signals Module 4: (11 hours) Applications-adaptive modeling and system identification-adaptive modeling for multipath communication channel, geophysical exploration, FIR digital filter synthesis, inverse adaptive modeling, equalization, and deconvolution-adaptive equalization of telephone channels-adapting poles and zeros for IIR digital filter synthesis
Reference Books: 1. Bernard Widrow and Samuel D. stearns, Adaptive Signal Processing, Person Education, 2005. 2. Simon Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory, Pearson Education, 2003. 3. John R. Treichler, C. Richard Johnson, Michael G. Larimore, Theory and Design of Adaptive Filters, Prentice-Hall of India, 2002 4. S. Thomas Alexander, Adaptive Signal Processing - Theory and Application, Springer-Verlag. 5. D. G. Manolokis, V. K. Ingle and S. M. Kogar, Statistical and Adaptive Signal Processing, Mc Graw Hill International Edition, 2000.

39