Graphical representation

110 100 90

Temperature, T

80 70 60

Liquid Vapour Liq Comp Vap Comp

50
40 0 0.2 0.4 X,Y 0.6 0.8 1

Figure 2: T-xy diagram for sample 1

1 0.9 0.8 0.7

Vap Comp. y

0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 Liq Comp. x 0.6 0.8 1

Figure 3: xy diagram for sample 1

110 100 90

Temperature, T

80 70 60 50 40 0 0.2 0.4 X,Y 0.6 0.8 1

Liquid

Vapour
Liq Comp Vap Comp

Figure 4: T-xy diagram for sample 2

1 0.9 0.8 0.7

Vap Comp. y

0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3

0.2
0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 Liq Comp. x 0.6 0.8 1

Figure 5: xy diagram for sample 2

110 100

90
Temperature, T
80 70 60

Liquid
Vapour Liq Comp Vap Comp

50
40 0 0.2 0.4 X,Y 0.6 0.8 1

Figure 6: T- xy diagram for sample 3

1 0.9 0.8 0.7

Vap Comp. y

0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3

0.2
0.1

0
0 0.2 0.4 Liq comp. x 0.6 0.8 1

Figure 7: xy diagram for sample 3

10

110 100 90

Temperature, T

80 70

Liquid

Vapour
Liq Comp

60
50 40 0 0.2 0.4 X,Y 0.6 0.8 1

Vap Comp

Figure 8: T-xy diagram for sample 4

1 0.9 0.8 0.7

Vap comp. y

0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 Liq Comp. x 0.6 0.8 1

Figure 9: xy diagram for sample 4

11

110 100 90

Temperature, T

80 70 60 50 40 0 0.2 0.4 X,Y 0.6 0.8 1

Liquid

Vapour
Liq Comp Vap Comp

Figure 10: T-xy diagram for sample 5

1 0.9 0.8 0.7

Vap Comp. y

0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

0.2

0.4
Liq Comp. x

0.6

0.8

Figure 11: xy diagram for sample 5

12

110 100 90

Temperature, T

80 70 60 Liquid Vapour

Tie line

50
40 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

X,Y

Figure 12: Equilibrium temperature-composition diagram of vapor and liquid phase of ethanol/water system at one atmospheric pressure At equilibrium temperature of 80oC and atmospheric pressure Theoretical composition of ethanol 1. vapor phase: yth = 0.64 2. liquid phase: xth = 0.48

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Discussion
The experimental value deviated from theoretical value. Possible reasons for discrepancies are discussed below: There might be error while taking refractometer reading as it had to be adjusted manually which might be inappropriate due to visibility problem. So the mole fraction determined from the Refractive index vs mole fraction graph was not accurate. Ethanol is a very volatile substance. While taking the reading of refractive index, a considerable portion of the sample was vaporized. This might be the reason of erroneous reading of the refractometer. Though the system was assumed to be closed, collection of sample amounts of vapor and liquid might have altered equilibrium compositions at the given temperature. To satisfy equilibrium relationship, the composition of vapor and liquid phase should be constant at the same time. But the result variation may be due to the collect of both the sample at slightly different time that gave a varuation in the liquid composition.

14