Sec 500 (Most Version)

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous)
Section 500
Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous)
500 Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous)
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 501. PREPARATION OF SURFACE 501.1 . Scope
Section
This work shall consist of preparing an existing granular or black-topped surface to specified lines, grades and cross-sections in advance of laying a bituminous course. The work shall be performed on such widths and lengths as shown in applicable drawing and consist of scarifying and re-laying the granular base course and/or scarifying the existing surface, filling of potholes, sealing of cracks and/or application of a profile corrective course (levelling course) as necessary. 501.2. Materials 501.2.1. For scarifying and re-laying the granular surface: The materials used shall be coarse aggregates salvaged from scarification of the existing granular base course supplemented by fresh coarse aggregates and screenings so that aggregates and screening thus supplemented correspond to Clause 404: Water Bound Macadam or Clause 406: Wet Mix Macadam, as the case may be. 501.2.2. For patching potholes and sealing cracks: For patching potholes, approved material having same specification as that of profile corrective course shall be used. For sealing small cracks finer than 3 mm, a fog seal conforming to Section 3000 shall be applied while larger cracks wider than 3 mm shall be treated with an emulsion slurry seal, conforming to Clause 516. 501.2.3. For profile corrective course: A profile corrective course (levelling course) is essentially a pavement base material course for correcting the existing pavement profile which has either lost its shape or has to be given a new shape to meet the requirement of specified lines, grades and cross-sections. It shall be differentiated from the strengthening course or other type of structural pavement course needed for upgrading as a remedial measure against inherently deficient and/or distressed pavement. It is meant to remove the irregularity in the existing road profile only. 501.2.4. Profile corrective course and its application: The type of material for profile corrective course shall be as shown on the drawing. If it is to be laid as part of the overlay/strengthening course, the profile corrective course material shall be of the same specification as that of the overlay/strengthening course. However, if provided as a separate layer, it may be of the same specification as the layer over which it is to be laid or intermediate between underlying layers, as shown on the Drawing. (i) Wherever isolated high spots projecting over the pavement surface do exist, the same shall be cut by milling machine or any other approved method, to minimise the profile corrective course requirement. If, in the
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500
Section
process, the bottom layer gets disturbed, the local area shall be cut and filled with profile with profile corrective course material. (ii) Where the maximum profile corrective course thickness works out to be not more than 40 mm, it shall be done as an integral part of the overlay course. In other cases, the profile corrective course shall be provided as a separate layer adopting such construction procedures and using such equipment as may be appropriate to the specified type of material and thickness of the course to be provided.
501.3. Construction Operations 501.3.1. Preparing existing granular surface: Where the existing surface is granular, all loose and disintegrated materials shall be removed and the surface lightly watered if the profile corrective course to be provided as a separate layer is also granular. If, however, over the existing granular surface, a profile corrective course of bituminous material is to be laid, the existing granular surface shall be primed as per Clause 502. 501.3.2.Scarifying existing bituminous surface: Where necessary, the existing bituminous layer in the specified width shall be removed with care without causing undue disturbance to the underlying layer by suitable method approved by the Engineer. After removing it, all loose and disintegrated materials of underlying layer which might have been disturbed in the process of removal shall, before laying of the overlay course, be reset properly by spreading/hand packing of aggregates and compacting with suitable roller/heavy hand rammers/approved mechanical tamper so that the level of the top surface of such scarified area shall be even and properly graded with respect to adjoining surface. Where applicable, the granular surface, after removal of the existing bituminous layer, shall be primed as per Clause 502 to receive a bituminous profile corrective course. Reusable materials shall be stacked as directed by the Engineer with all lift and lead of 1000 m. 501.3.3. Patching of potholes and sealing of cracks: Before providing profile corrective course on the existing pavement, potholes, if any, shall be drained of water, cut to regular shape with sides vertical upto the affected depth and slightly beyond the limits of affected area and dried. All loose and disintegrated materials from it shall be removed. The potholes shall then be filled with material as per Clause No.501.2.2 in layers not exceeding 75 mm after painting the sides and bottom with a thin layer of hot straight-run bitumen/emulsion and each layer shall be compacted with approved mechanical tampers/ small vibratory roller and the top layer shall be flush with the existing bituminous surface. All loose and/or surplus materials on the surface after making good the potholes, shall be removed. The cracks in the old pavement surface shall be sealed with a fog seal if cracks are small (less than 3 mm width); fog seal consist of a spray of a bituminous cutback or a slow-setting bitumen emulsion diluted with an equal amount of water, the rate of spray
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being 0.5 to 1.0 litre/sq.m depending upon the texture and dryness of the existing bituminous surface. The spray is allowed to set to a firm condition and traffic is allowed only thereafter so as to ensure that the material is not picked up by traffic. For large cracks, the sealing shall be done with emulsion slurry seal as per Clause 516 of these Specifications. 501.3.4 Laying the profile corrective course 501.3.4.1. After preparing the granular surface as in Clauses 501 3.1 and 501.3.2, the profile corrective course with material as per Clause 501.2.3/501.2.4 shall be laid and compacted to the requirement of particular Specification clause. Where a bituminous profile corrective course is to be laid over a primed granular surface, a tack coat conforming to Clause 503 shall be applied prior to laying profile corrective course. 501.3.4.2. An existing bituminous surface shall be prepared as per Clause 501.3.3. and after applying a tack coat conforming to Clause 503, the bituminous profile corrective course shall be laid and compacted to the requirement of particular Specification clause. 501.3.5. In specific situation of short sags or depressions in the pavement, it may become necessary to provide corrective course in the form of flat wedges. Normally, layers in maximum thickness at any point more than 100 mm shall not be provided. In placing multiple lifts, the lift of shortest length (at the lowest portion of the sag/depression) should be provided first, with successive lifts extending over and fully covering underneath layer, precluding development of a series of joints on the top surfaces, as illustrated in Fig. 500-1. For camber correction or correction of superelevation of the existing carriageway, method as shown in the illustrative Fig. 500-2 shall be adopted depending on the profile of the existing carriageway.
See diagrams on pages 142 and 143 of Specifications.

501.3.6. Covering the profile corrective course: Work of Profile Corrective Course shall be so planned that it shall be covered by the designed base/wearing course at the earliest, before opening to regular traffic. 501.4. Surface Finish and Quality Control of Work Relevant provisions of Section 900 shall be exercised by the Engineer. 501.5. Arrangement for Traffic During the construction operations, arrangement of traffic shall be done to Clause 112.
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 501.6. Measurements for Payment
Section
501.6.1. The work of filling potholes shall be considered incidental to the construction of Profile Corrective Course/bituminous course for which the existing pavement surface is prepared. The work of filling cracks by applying fog seal or emulsion slurry seal shall be measured in square metres, and paid separately. 501.6.2. metre. 501.6.3. Profile Corrective Course shall be measured as volume compacted in position in cubic metres or in tonnage as specified in the contract. The volume shall be worked out by plotting the exact profile of Profile Corrective Course as built up at site and superimposed on the existing pavement profile. 501.7. Rates 501.7.1. Contract unit rate for scarifying of existing bituminous surface including repairing/resetting disturbed underlying layer and also removing and stacking reusable/ unusable materials shall include cost of all labour, supply of materials needed for repair/resetting, hire charges of tools and plant and transportation of scarified materials with all lifts and upto a lead of 1000 m. 501.7.2. The contract unit rate for Profile Corrective Course shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for: (i) (ii) Making arrangements for traffic to Clause 112; Providing all materials to be incorporated in the work including any royalties, fees, rents (where applicable) and all leads and lifts, unless the contract specifically excludes any item of material required for the work or provides for separate payment in accordance with Clause 514; Preparation of the exposed surface/existing surface including filling of pot holes, all cleaning operations and application of track coat; All labour, tools, equipment and incidentals necessary to complete the work to the Specifications; and Carrying out the work in part widths of road where directed by the Engineer. Scarifying existing bituminous surface shall be measured in square
(iii) (iv) (v)
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Section
501.7.3. The contract unit rate for sealing cracks by applying fog seal shall be inclusive of providing all materials and tools and plant and carrying out the work. The contract unit rate for sealing cracks by providing emulsion slurry seal shall be as set forth in Clause 516.9. 502. PRIME COAT OVER GRANULAR BASE 502.1. Scope
This work shall consist of application of single coat of low viscosity liquid bituminous material to an absorbent granular surface preparatory to any superimposed bituminous treatment or construction. 502.2.1. Materials
502.2.1. The choice of a bituminous primer shall depend upon the porosity characteristics of the surface to be primed as classified in IRC : 16. These are: (i) Surfaces of low porosity; such as wet mix macadam and water bound macadam,, (ii) Surfaces of medium porosity; such as cement stabilized soil base, (iii) base . 502.2.2. The different ranges of viscosity requirements for the primers to be used for the different types of surfaces to be primed as classified in 502.2.1, are given in Table 500-1. TABLE 500-1. VISCOSITY REQUIREMENT AND QUANTITY OF BITUMINOUS PRIMER Type of surface Kinematic Viscosity of Primer at 60o C (Centistokes) 30-60 70-140 250-500 Quantity per 10 sq. m (kg) 6 to 9 9 to 12 12 to 15 Surfaces of high porosity; such as a gravel
Low porosity Medium porosity High porosity
502.2.3. The bituminous primer shall be Medium Curing Cutback (MC) produced by fluxing, in an approved manner, bitumen of 80/100 penetration grade with kerosene.
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The cutback shall be free from water and shall not show any signs of separation prior to use. Slow setting Cationic emulsion as per IS : 8887 may also be used, but the particular grade to be used for the work shall be got approved by the Engineer. Sampling and testing of bituminous primer shall be as per IS : 217; IS : 454 and IS : 8887. 502.3. Weather and Seasonal Limitations The bituminous primer shall not be applied on a wet surface or during dust storm or when the weather is foggy, rainy or windy. The prime coat for surface treatment should not be applied when the temperature in the shade is less than 10oC. 502.4. Construction 502.4.1. Equipment: The primer distributor shall be pneumatic tyred selfpropelled pressure distributor equipped for spraying the material uniformly at the specified rates and temperatures. Spraying by manual methods may be allowed for small areas at the discretion of the Engineer. Power broom and/or blowers may be supplemented by hand brooms as directed by the Engineer. 502.4.2. Preparation of road surface: The surface to be primed shall be swept clean, free from dust and shall be dry . It shall be shaped to the specified grades and section. It shall also be free from ruts, any other irregularities and segregated materials. Minor depressions and potholes may be ignored until the surface is primed, after which they shall be patched with a suitable premix material prior to the surface treatment. 502.4.3. Application of bituminous primer: The bituminous primer shall be sprayed/distributed uniformly over the dry surface, prepared as per Clause 502.4.2 using self-propelled sprayer equipped with self-heating arrangement, suitable pump, adequate capacity compressor and spraying bar with nozzles having constant volume or pressure system capable of supplying primer at specified rates and temperatures so as to provide a uniformly unbroken spread of primer. If the surface to be primed is so dry or dusty as to cause freckling of bituminous material, it shall be lightly and uniformly sprinkled with water immediately prior to priming; however, the bituminous material shall not be applied till such time as no surface water is visible. The primer shall be applied at the rate as specified in Table 500-1. Temperature of application of a primer need only be high enough to permit the primer to be effectively sprayed through the jets of the spray bar and to cover the granular base surface uniformly in the desired quantity. The desirable range of temperatures at the time application of MC-30, MC-70 and MC-250 grades shall be 30 to 55 0 C; 50 to 80 0 C and 75 to 100 0 C respectively. For a bituminous emulsion primer , the range of spraying temperature may be 20 to 60 0 C.
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Following the application of bituminous material, the surface shall be allowed to cure for at least 24 hours or for any other period so as to allow penetration into the base course and aeration of volatiles from the primer material. If it is not absorbed within 24 hours after application, sand shall be spread over the surface to blot the excess primer. Care shall be taken to prevent over-priming; any pools of excess primer left on any part of the surface shall be swept out over the adjacent surface before spreading sand. The primer coat shall be applied only on the topmost water bound macadam or any granular layer, over which the bituminous base course/wearing course is to be laid. 502.4.4. Curing of primer and opening to traffic: It shall always be ensured that while opening to any kind of traffic, the primed surface is fully cured and is not sticky to avoid being picked up by traffic. Normally, the primed surface shall be allowed to cure for not less than 24 hours and during this period no traffic of any kind shall be permitted. 502.4.5. Laying of bituminous course over primed surface: Bituminous base course or wearing course shall be laid over the primed water bound macadam, wet mix macadam or any other granular base course, in the usual manner as per relevant Specification for the same including the requirement of tack coat as per Clause 503. 502.5. Quality Control of Work Control on the quality of materials and work shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 502.6. Arrangement for Traffic During the construction operations, arrangement of traffic shall be done as per Clause 112. 502.7. Measurements for Payment Prime coat shall be measured in terms of surface area of application in square metres. 502.8. Rate The contract unit rate for prime coat shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 401.8 (i) to (v) and as applicable to the work specified in these Specifications. 503. TACK COAT 503.1. Scope This work shall consist of application of a single coat of low viscosity liquid bituminous material to an existing road surface preparatory to another bituminous construction over it.
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 503.2. Materials
Section
Binder: The binder used for tack coat shall be a bituminous emulsion or cutback as specified in the Contract. 503.3. Construction Operation 503.3.1. Preparation of base: The surface on which the tack coat is to be applied shall be cleaned of dust and any extraneous material before the application of the binder, by using a mechanical broom or any other approved equipment/method as specified by the Engineer. 503.3.2. Application of binder: Binder may be heated to the temperature appropriate to the grade of cutback used and approved by the Engineer and sprayed on the base at the rate specified in Table 500-2. The normal range of spraying temperature for a bituminous emulsion shall be 20 0 C - 60 0 C and for a cutback 50 0 C 80 0C if RC70/MC-70 grade is used. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to carefully handle the inflammable bituminous cutback material so as to safeguard against any fire mishap. The binder shall be applied uniformly with the aid of either self-propelled or towed bitumen pressure sprayer with selfheating arrangement and spraying bar with nozzles having constant volume or pressure system, capable of spraying bitumen at specified rates and temperature so as to provide a uniformly unbroken spread of bitumen. Work should be planned so that no more than the necessary tack coat for the days operation is placed on the surface. After application and prior to succeeding construction allow the tack coat to cure, without being disturbed, until the water/cutter has completely evaporated, as determined by the Engineer. TABLE 500-2. RATE OF APPLICATION OF TACK COAT Type Surface i) ii) iii) iv) Normal bituminous surfaces Dry and hungry bituminous surfaces Granular surfaces treated with primer Non bituminous surfaces a) Granular base (not primed) b) Cement concrete pavement Quantity of liquid Bituminous material in kg per 10 sq. m. area 2.0 to 2.5 2.5 to 3.0 2.5 to 3.0
3.5 to 4.0 3.0 to 3.5
Note : There is no need to apply a tack coat on a freshly laid bituminous course if the subsequent bituminous course is overlaid the same day without opening it to traffic .
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 503.4. Quality Control of Work
Section
Control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 503.5. Arrangements for Traffic During the period of construction, the arrangement of traffic shall be done to Clause 112. 503.6. Measurement for Payment Tack coat shall be measured in terms of surface area of application in square metres. 503.7. Rate The contract unit rate for tack coat shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 401.8 (i) to (v) as applicable to the work specified in these Specifications. 504. BITUMINOUS MACADAM 504.1. Scope The work shall consist of construction, in a single course, of compacted crushed aggregates premixed with a bituminous binder, to serve as base/binder course, laid immediately after mixing, on a base prepared previously in accordance with the requirement of these Specifications and in conformity with the lines, grades and crosssections shown on the drawing or as directed by the Engineer. 504.2. Materials 504.2.1. Bitumen: The bitumen shall be paving bitumen of suitable penetration grade (30/40 to 80/100) as per IS : 73. The actual grade of bitumen to be used shall be decided by the Engineer appropriate to the region, traffic, rainfall and other environmental conditions. Guidelines on selection of the grade of bitumen are given in Appendix-4. 504.2.2. Aggregates 504.2.2.1. The aggregates shall consist of crushed stone, crushed gravel/shingle or other stones. They shall be clean, strong, durable, of fairly cubical shape and free from disintegrated pieces, organic or other deleterious matter and adherent coating. If crushed shingle/gravel is used, not less than 90 per cent by weight of the gravel/shingle pieces
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retained on 4.75 mm sieve shall have at least two fractured faces. The aggregates shall preferably be hydrophobic and of low porosity. If hydrophilic aggregates are to be used, the bitumen shall preferably be treated with anti-stripping agents of approved quality in suitable dose as Appendix-5. The aggregates shall satisfy the physical requirements set forth in Table 500-3. TABLE 500-3. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS OF AGGREGATES FOR BITUMINOUS MACADAM S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Test Los Angeles Abrasion Value* Aggregate Impact Value * Flakiness and Elongation Indices (Total) ** Coating and Stripping of Bitumen Aggregate Mixtures Soundness (i) Loss with Sodium Sulphate 5 cycles (ii) Loss with Magnesium Sulphate 5 cycles Water absorption Test Method IS : 2386 (Part-4) IS : 2386 (Part-4) IS : 2386 (Part-1) AASHTO T 182 Requirement 40 per cent Maximum 30 per cent Maximum 30 per cent Maximum Minimum retained coating 95 per cent 12 per cent Maximum 18 per cent Maximum IS : 2386 (Part-3) per cent Maximum
IS : 2386 (Part-5)
6. * **
Aggregates may satisfy requirements for either of the two tests. To determine this combined proportion, the flaky stone from a representative sample should first be separated out. Flakiness index is weight of flaky stone metal divided by weight of stone sample. Only the elongated particles be separated out from the remaining (non-flaky) stone metal. Elongation index is weight of elongated particles divided by total non-flaky particles. The value of flakiness index and elongation index so found are added up.
Note : If crushed slag is used, Clause 404.2.3. shall apply. 504.2.2.2. The aggregate for bituminous macadam shall conform to one of the two gradings in Table 500-4, depending on the compacted thickness; the actual grading shall be as specified in the Contract. 504.2.3. Proportioning of materials: The bitumen content for premixing shall be 3 to 3.5 per cent by weight of the total mix except when otherwise directed by the Engineer.
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TABLE 500-4. AGGREGATE GRADING FOR BITUMINOUS MACADAM IS Sieve Designation 45.0 mm 26.5 mm 22.4 mm 11.2 mm 5.6 mm 2.8 mm 90.0 micron Grading 1 100 75-100 60-95 30-55 15-35 5-20 0-5 Grading 2 100 75-100 50-85 20-40 5-20 0-5
The maximum compacted thickness of a layer shall be 100 mm. The quantities of aggregates to be used shall be sufficient to yield the specified thickness after compaction. 504.2.4. Variation in proportioning of material: The Contractor shall have the responsibility for ensuring proper proportioning of materials and producing a uniform mix. A variation in binder content 0.3 per cent by weight of total mix shall, however, be permissible for individual specimens taken for quality control tests vide Section 900. 504.3. Construction Operations 504.3.1. Weather and seasonal limitations: The work of laying shall not be taken up during rainy or foggy weather or when the base course is damp or wet, or during dust storm or when the atmospheric temperature in shade is 10oC or less. 504.3.2. Preparation of the base: The base on which bituminous macadam is to be laid shall be prepared, shaped and conditioned to the specified lines, grades and crosssections in accordance with Clause 501, and a priming coat where needed shall be applied in accordance with Clause 502 as directed by the Engineer. 504.3.3. Tack coat: A tack coat as per Clause 503 shall be applied over the base. 504.3.4. Preparation and transport of mix: Bituminous macadam mix shall be prepared in a hot mix plant of adequate capacity and capable of yielding a mix of proper and uniform quality with thoroughly coated aggregates. Hot mix plant shall be of suitable capacity preferably of batch mix type. Total system for crushing of stone aggregates and feeding of aggregate fractions in required proportions to achieve the desired mix, deployed by the Contractor must be capable of
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meeting the overall Specification requirements under stringent quality control. The plant shall have the following essential features: A General (a) (b) The plant shall have coordinated set of essential units capable of producing uniform mix as per the job mix formula. Cold aggregate feed system with minimum 4 bins having belt conveyor arrangement for initial proportioning of aggregates from each bin in the required quantities. In order to have free flow of fines from the bin, it is advisable to have vibrator fitted on bin to intermittently shake it. Belt conveyers below each bin should have variable speed drive motors. There should be electronic load sensor on the main conveyer for measuring the flow of aggregates. Dryer unit with burner capable of heating the aggregate to the required temperature without any visible unburnt fuel or carbon residue on the aggregate and reducing the moisture content of the aggregate to the specified minimum. The plant shall be fitted with suitable type of thermometric instruments at appropriate places so as to indicate or record/register the temperature of heated aggregate, bitumen and mix. Bitumen supply unit capable of heating, measuring/metering and spraying of bitumen at specified temperature with automatic synchronisation of bitumen and aggregate feed in the required proportion. A filler system suitable to receive bagged or bulk supply of filler material and its incorporation to the mix in the correct quantity wherever required. A suitable built-in dust control system for the dryer to contain/recycle permissible fines into the mix. It should be capable of preventing the exhaust of fine dust into atmosphere for environmental control wherever so specified by the Engineer. The plant should have centralised control panel/cabin capable of presetting, controlling/synchronising all operations starting from feeding of cold aggregates to the discharge of the hot mix to ensure proper quality of mix. It should have indicators for any malfunctioning in the operation. Every hot mix plant should be equipped with siren or horn so that the operator may use the same before starting the plant every time in the interest of safety of staff.
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g) (h)
(i)
(j)
B - For Batch Type Plant
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(i) Gradation control unit having minimum four deck vibratory screens for accurate sizing of hot aggregate and storing them in separate bins. This unit should be fully covered to reduce the maintenance cost and for better environmental condition. (ii) (iii) Proper arrangement for accurate weighing of each size of hot aggregate from the control panel before mixing. Paddle mixer unit shall be capable of producing a homogeneous mix with uniform coating of all particles of the mineral aggregate with binder.
C - For Continuous Type Plant (i) Gradation control unit having vibratory screens for accurate sizing of hot aggregate and storing them in separate bins. This unit should be fully covered to reduce the maintenance cost and for better environmental condition. There should be appropriate arrangement for regulating and volumetric control of the flow of hot aggregate from each bin to achieve the required proportioning. Paddle mixer unit shall be capable of producing a homogeneous mix with uniform coating of all particles of the mineral aggregate with binder.
(ii) (iii)
D - For Drum Mix Plant (i) It is a prerequisite that only properly screened and graded materials are fed to the bins. If required, a vibratory screening unit shall be installed at the plant site to ensure the same. A primary 4-deck vibratory screening unit shall be installed before the multiple bin cold feed system for screening the aggregates and grading the same. (ii) Belt conveyers below each bin should have variable speed drive motors. There should be electronic load sensor on the main conveyer for measuring the flow of aggregate. There should be arrangement to measure moisture content of the aggregate(s) so that moisture correction may be applied for working out requirements of binder and filler.
o
(iii)
The temperature of binder at the time of mixing shall be in the range of 150 oC to 163 C and that of the aggregate in the range of 155 oC-163oC. provided that the difference in temperature between the binder and aggregate at no time exceeds 14oC. Mixing shall be thorough to ensure that a homogeneous mixture is obtained in which all particles of the aggregates are coated uniformly, and the discharge temperature of mix shall be between 130oC to 160 0 C.
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The mixture shall be transported from the mixing plant to the point of use in suitable tipper vehicles. The vehicles employed for transport shall be clean and be covered in transit if so directed by the Engineer. Any tipper causing excessive segregation of materials by its spring suspension or other contributing factors or that which shows undue delay shall be removed from the work unit such conditions are corrected. 504.3.5. Spreading: The mix transferred from the tipper at site to the paver shall be spread immediately by means of self-propelled mechanical paver with suitable screeds capable of spreading, tamping, and finishing the mix true to the specified lines, grades and cross-sections. The paver finisher shall have the following essential features: (a) (b) (c) (d) Loading hoppers and suitable distributing mechanism. All drives having hydrostatic drive/control. The machine shall have a hydraulically extendable screed for appropriate width requirement. The screed shall have tamping and vibrating arrangement for initial compaction to the layer as it is spread without rutting of otherwise marring the surface. It shall have adjustable amplitude and variable frequency. The paver shall be equipment with necessary control mechanism so as to ensure that the finished surface is free from surface blemishes. The paver shall be fitted with an electronic sensing device for automatic levelling and profile control within the specified tolerances. The screed shall have the internal heating arrangement. The paver shall be capable of laying either 2.5 to 4.0 m width or 4.0 to 7.0 m width as stipulated in the Contract. The paver shall be so designed as to eliminate skidding/slippage of the tyres during operation.
(e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
However, in restricted locations and in narrow widths where the available plant cannot be operated in the opinion of the Engineer, he may permit manual laying of the mix. The temperature of the mix at the time of laying shall be in the range of 120 0C to 160 0C. In multi-layer construction, the longitudinal joint in one layer shall offset that in the layer below by about 150 mm. However, the joint in the top-most layer shall be at the lane line of the pavement.
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Longitudinal joints and edges shall be constructed true to the delineating line parallel to the centre line of the road . All joints shall be cut vertical to the full thickness of the previously laid mix and the surface painted with hot bitumen before placing fresh material. Longitudinal and transverse joints shall be offset by at least 250 mm from those in the lower courses and the joint on the top-most layer shall not be allowed to fall within the wheel path. All transverse joints shall be cut vertically to the full thickness of the previously laid mix with asphalt cutter/pavement breaker and surface painted with hot bitumen before placing fresh material. Longitudinal joints shall be preferably hot joints. Cold longitudinal joints shall be properly heated with joint heater to attain a suitable temperature of about 800C before laying of adjacent material. 504.3.6. Compaction: After the spreading of mix, rolling shall be done by 80 to 100 kN rollers or other approved equipment. Rolling shall start as soon as possible after the material has been spread deploying a set of rollers as the rolling is to be completed in limited time frame. The roller shall move at a speed not more than 5 km/h. Rolling shall be done with care to avoid unduly roughening of the pavement surface. Rolling of the longitudinal joints shall be done immediately behind the paving operation. After this, the rolling shall commence at the edges and progress towards the centre longitudinally except that on superelevated and uni-directional cambered portions, it shall progress from the lower to the upper edge parallel to the centre line of the pavement. The initial or break-down rolling shall be done with 80-100 kn static weight smooth wheel roller (3 wheels or tandem), as soon as it is possible to roll the mix without cracking the surface or having the mix pick up on the roller wheels. The second or intermediate rolling shall follow the break-down rolling with vibratory roller of 80 to 100 kN static weight or pneumatic tyred roller of 150 to 250 kN weight, with minimum 7 wheels and minimum tyre pressure of 0.7 MPa as closely as possible to the paver and be done while the paving mix is still at a temperature that will result in maximum density. The final rolling shall be done while material is still workable enough for removal of roller marks, with 6080 kN tandem roller. During the final rolling, vibratory system shall be switched off. The joints and edges shall be rolled with a 80 to 100 kN static roller. When the roller has passed over the whole area once, any high spots or depressions which become apparent shall be corrected by removing or adding mix material. The rolling shall then be continued till the entire surface has been rolled to 95 per cent of the average laboratory density (obtained from Marshall specimens compacted as defined in Table 500-10), there is no crushing of aggregates and all roller marks have been eliminated. Each pass of the roller shall uniformly overlap not less than one-third of the track made in the preceding pass. The roller wheel shall be kept damp if necessary to avoid bituminous material from sticking to the wheels and being picked up. In no case
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shall fuel, lubricating oil be used for this purpose, nor excessive water poured on the wheels. Rolling operations shall be completed in every respect before the temperature of the mix falls below 100 0 C. Roller(s) shall not stand on newly laid material while there is a risk that surface will be deformed thereby. The edges along and transverse of the bituminous macadam laid and compacted earlier shall be cut to their full depth so as to expose fresh surface which shall be painted with a thin surface coat of appropriate binder before the new mix is placed against it. 504.4 Surface Finish and Quality Control of Work The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902. Control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 504.5. The bituminous macadam shall be covered with either the next pavement course or wearing course, as the case may be, without any delay. If there is to be any delay, the course shall be covered by a seal coat to the requirement of Clause 513 before allowing any traffic over it. The seal coat in such cases shall be considered incidental to the work and shall not be paid for separately. 504.6. Arrangements of Traffic During the period of construction, arrangement of traffic shall be done to Clause 112. 504.7. Measurements for Payment The work shall be measured as finished work in cubic metres or by weight in metric tonnes as provided in the Contract. 504.8. Rate The contract unit rate for the work shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for: (j) (ii) Making arrangements for traffic to Clause 112 except for initial treatment to verge, shoulders and construction of diversions; Preparation of base except for laying of profile corrective course but including filling of potholes;
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 (iii)
Section
Providing all materials to be incorporated in the work including arrangement for stock yards, all royalties, fees, rents where necessary and all leads and lifts; All labour, tools, equipment, plant including installation of hot mix plant, power supply units and all machineries, incidental to complete the work to the Specifications; Carrying out the work in part widths of the road where directed; Carrying out all tests for control of quality; and The rate shall cover the provision of bitumen at 3.25 per cent of weight of total mix, with the provision that the variation of quantity of bitumen will be assessed and the payment adjusted as per the rate of bitumen quoted. 505. BITUMINOUS PENETRATION MACADAM
(iv)
(v) (vi) (vii)
505.1. Scope The work shall consist of construction of one or more layers of compacted crushed coarse aggregates with alternate applications of bituminous binder and key aggregates in accordance with the requirements of these Specifications to serve as base/binder course and in conformity with the lines, grades and cross-sections shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. Thickness of an individual course shall not exceed 75 mm. 505.2. Materials 505.2.1. Bitumen: The binder shall be paving bitumen of suitable penetration grade within the range of S-35 to S-90 or A-35 to A-90 (30/40 to 80/100) as per Indian Standards Specifications for Paving Bitumen IS : 73, or approved cutbacks satisfying the requirements of IS : 73, 217 or 454. The actual grade of bitumen or cut backs to be used shall be decided by the Engineer, appropriate to the region, traffic, rainfall and other environmental conditions. Guidance in this regard may be obtained from Appendix-4. 505.2.2. Aggregates 505.2.2.1. The aggregates shall satisfy the physical requirements set forth in Clause 504.2.2.1. and Table 500-3. 505.2.2.2. The coarse and key aggregates shall conform to the grading given in Table 500-5. 505.2.3. Quantities of materials: The quantities of materials used for this work shall be as specified in Table 500-6.
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 505.3. Construction Operations
Section
505.3.1. Weather and seasonal limitations: Clause No. 504.3.1. shall apply. 505.3.2. Preparation of the base: The base on which the Penetration macadam course is to be laid shall be prepared, shaped and conditioned to the specified lines, grades and sections to Clause 501 or as directed by the Engineer. A priming coat where needed shall be applied over the base in accordance with Clause 502 or as directed by the Engineer. A tack coat as per Clause 503 shall be applied. TABLE 500-5. GRADING REQUIREMENTS OF COARSE AGGREGATES AND KEY AGGREGATES FOR BITUMINOUS PENETRATION MACADAM Per cent by weight passing the Sieve For 50mm compacted thickness For 75mm compacted thickness Coarse Aggregate Key Aggregate 100 37-72 100 2-20 50-75 5-25 0-5 0-5 Coarse Aggregate Key Aggregate 100 58-82 100 5-27 50-75 5-25 0-5 0-5
IS Sieve Designation 63 mm 53 mm 45 mm 26.5 mm 22.4 mm 13.2 mm 11.2 mm 5.6 mm 2.8 mm
TABLE 500-6.
QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR 10 sq.m. OF ROAD SURFACE FOR BITUMINOUS PENETRATION MACADAM BASE/BINDER COURSE Binder Straight run bitumen 50kg 68kg Coarse Aggregate 0.60 cu.m. 0.90 cu.m. Key Aggregate 0.15 cu.m. 0.18 cu.m.
Compacted thickness 50 mm 75 mm
505.3.3.Spreading and compacting coarse aggregates: The coarse aggregate in a dry and clean form shall be spread uniformly and evenly at the rate specified in Table 500-6 preferably with the help of a self-propelled or tipper tail mounted aggregate spreader capable of spreading aggregate uniformly at the specified rates over the required
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Section
widths. The surface of the layer shall be carefully checked with camber templates and all high and low spots remedied by removing or adding aggregates as may be required. The spreading shall be carried no further in advance of the rolling and penetrating operations than can be completed in one average days work. Segregated aggregates or aggregates mixed with earth or other foreign substances shall be removed and replaced with graded aggregates. 505.3.4. Compaction: After the spreading of coarse aggregates, dry rolling shall be done by 80-100 kN smooth-wheeled steel roller. Rolling shall start as soon as possible after the material has been spread. The rolling shall commence at the edges, parallel to the centre line of the road and progress towards the centre longitudinally except on superelevated and uni-directional cambered portions, where it shall progress from the lower to the upper edge after the edges have been rolled. For superelevated portions, the overlapping should be approximately one-third of the width of the rear wheel on each trip. After initial dry rolling, the surface shall be checked with a crown template and a 3 metre straight-edge. The surface shall not vary more than 10 mm from the template or straight-edge. All surface irregularities exceeding the above limit shall be corrected by removing or adding aggregates as required. The rolling shall be done until the compacted coarse aggregate has firm surface true to the cross section shown on the plans and that it has a texture that will allow free and uniform penetration of the bituminous material. 505.3.5. Application of bituminous material: After the coarse aggregate has been rolled and checked, the bituminous binder shall be applied at specified temperatures as directed by the Engineer. The rate of application shall be as specified in Table 500-6. At the time of applying the binder, the aggregates shall be surface dry for full depth of the layer. The bituminous material shall preferably be applied by a pressure distributor uniformly over the surface at the specified rate. Over small areas, where the use of a spray bar is impracticable, the bituminous material shall be applied by the nozzle attachment. Only when permitted, pouring pots may be used according to the directions of the Engineer. 505.3.6. Application of key aggregates: Immediately after the first penetration of bitumen, the key aggregates in a clean and dry state shall be spread uniformly over the surface by means of an approved mechanical spreader or by approved manual methods at the rate specified in Table 500-6. If necessary, the surface shall be broomed to ensure uniform application of the key aggregates. The entire surface shall then be rolled with a 80-100 kN smooth steel
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Section
wheel roller (along with vibratory roller if available) to the Specifications conforming to Clause 505.3.4. 505.4. Surface Finish and Quality Control The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902. Controls on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 505.5. The Penetration Macadam shall be provided with final surfacing (binder/wearing course) without any delay. If there is to be any delay, the course shall be covered by a seal coat to the requirements of Clause 513 before allowing any traffic over it. The seal coat in such cases shall be considered incidental to the work and shall not be paid for separately. 505.6. Arrangements for Traffic During the period of construction, arrangements for traffic shall be done to Clause 112. 505.7. Measurements for Payment Penetration Macadam Base/Binder Course shall be measured as finished work in square metres. 505.8. Rate The contract unit rate for Penetration Macadam Course shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 504.8 (i) to (vi). 506. BUILT-UP SPRAY GROUT 506.1 Scope This work shall consist of a two-layer composite construction of compacted crushed coarse aggregates with application of bituminous binder after each layer and key aggregates on top for the second layer, in accordance with the requirements of these Specifications to serve as a base course and in conformity with the lines, grades and cross-sections shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. Thickness of the course shall be 75mm. Built-up spray grout shall be used in a single course in a pavement structure.
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 506.2. Materials 506.2.1. Bitumen: Clause 504.2.1 shall apply.
Section
506.2.2. Aggregates: The coarse aggregate shall conform to Clause 504.2.2.1. The aggregate shall satisfy the physical requirements set out in Table 500-3 .The coarse and key aggregates for built-up spray grout shall conform to the grading given in Table 500-7. TABLE 500-7. IS Sieve Designation 53.0 mm 26.5 mm 22.4 mm 13.2 mm 5.6 mm 2.8 mm GRADING REQUIREMENTS OF COARSE AND KEY AGGREGATES FOR BUILT-UP SPRAY GROUT Per cent by weight passing the Sieve Coarse Aggregate Key Aggregate 100 40-75 100 0-20 40-75 0-20 0-5 0-5
506 .3. Construction Operations 506.3.1. Weather and seasonal limitations: Clause 504.3.1. shall apply. 506.3.2. Preparation of base: The base on which the built-up spray grout course is to be laid shall be prepared, shaped and conditioned to the specified lines, grades and cross-sections in accordance with Clause 501. A priming coat where needed shall be applied in accordance with Clause 502 with suitable primer as directed by the Engineer. 506.3.3. Tack coat: A tack coat over the base shall be applied as per Clause 503. 506.3.4. Spreading and rolling coarse aggregates for the first layer: Immediately after the application of tack coat, the coarse aggregates in a dry and clean form shall be spread uniformly and evenly preferably by mechanical means at the rate of 0.5 cu.m. per 10 sq.m area. The surface of the layer shall be carefully checked with templates and all high and low spots remedied by removing or adding aggregates as may be required. Immediately after spreading of the aggregates, the entire surface shall be rolled with a 80-100 kN smooth-wheeled roller. Rolling shall commence at the edges and progress towards the centre except in superelevated and uni-directional cambered portions where it shall proceed from the lower edge to the higher edge. Each pass of the
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Section
roller shall uniformly overlap not less than one-third of the track made in the preceding pass. After initial rolling, the surface shall be checked transversely and longitudinally with templates and any irregularities corrected by loosening the surface, adding or removing necessary amounts of aggregate, followed by rolling. Rolling shall be stopped before voids in the aggregate layer are closed to such an extent as to prevent free and uniform penetration of the binder. 506.3.5. Application of binder-first spray: The binder shall be heated to the temperature appropriate to grade of bitumen approved by the Engineer and sprayed on aggregate layer at the rate of 15 kg/10 sq. m. (in terms of straight-run bitumen) in a uniform manner with the help of mechanical sprayers capable of spraying bitumen uniformly at specified rates and temperatures. Excessive deposits of binder caused by stopping or starting of the sprayers or through leakage or any other reason shall be corrected promptly. 506.3.6. Spreading and rolling of coarse aggregate for the second layer: Immediately after the first application of the binder, the second layer of coarse aggregates shall be spread and rolled to Clause 506.3.4. 506.3.7. Application of binder-second spray: The second aggregate layer shall then be given a binder spray at the rate of 15 kg/10 sq.m. (in terms of straight-run bitumen) to Clause 506.3.5. 506.3.8. Application of key aggregate: Immediately after second application of the binder, key aggregates in a clean and dry state shall be spread uniformly and evenly, preferably by mechanical means at the rate of 0.13 cu.m./10 sq.m. so as to cover the surface completely. If necessary, the surface shall be broomed to ensure uniform application of the key aggregates. The entire surface shall then be rolled with a 80-100 kN smooth-wheeled roller to Clause 506.3.4. While rolling is in progress, additional key aggregates, where required, shall be spread by hand. Rolling shall continue until the entire course is thoroughly compacted and key aggregates are firmly in position. 506.4. Surface Finish and Quality Control The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902. Control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 506.5. The built-up-spray-grout shall be provided with final surfacing without any delay. If there is to be any delay, the course shall be covered by a seal coat to the
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Section
requirement of Clause 513 before allowing any traffic over it. The seal coat in such cases shall be considered incidental to the work and shall not be paid for separately. 506.6. Arrangements for Traffic During the period of construction, arrangement of traffic shall be done to Clause 112. 506.7. Measurements for Payment Built-up spray grout shall be measured as finished work in square metres. 506.8. Rate The contract unit rate for built-up spray grout shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 504.8 (i) to (vi). 507. DENSE BITUMINOUS MACADAM 507.1. Scope This work shall consist of construction in a single course of 50 to 100 mm thick base/binder course to the following Specifications on a previously prepared base. 507.2. Materials 507.2.1. Bitumen: The bitumen shall be paving bitumen of Penetration Grade S 65 or A 65 (60/70) as per Indian Standard Specifications for Paving Bitumen IS : 73. In case of non-availability of bitumen of this grade, S 90 (80/100) grade bitumen may be used with the approval of the Engineer. Guidance to selection of the grade of bitumen may be taken from Appendix-4. 507.2.2. Coarse aggregates: The coarse aggregates shall consist of crushed stone, crushed gravel/shingle or other stones. They shall be clean, strong, durable, of fairly cubical shape and free from disintegrated pieces, organic or other deleterious matter and adherent coating. The aggregates shall preferably be hydrophobic and of low porosity. If hydrophilic aggregates are to be used, the bitumen shall be treated with antistripping agents of approved quality in suitable doses. The aggregates shall satisfy the physical requirements set forth in Table 500-8. If crushed gravel/shingle is used, not less than 90 per cent by weight of the gravel/shingle pieces retained on 4.75 mm sieve shall have at least two fractured faces. The portion of the total aggregate passing 4.75mm sieve shall have a sand equivalent value of not less than 50 when tested in accordance with the requirement of IS : 2720 (Part-37).
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Section
The plasticity index of the fraction passing the 425 micron sieve shall not exceed 4. TABLE 500.8. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS OF AGGREGATES FOR DENSE BITUMINOUS MACADAM S.No. Test Test Method Requirement 1. 2. 3. Los Angles Abrasion * Value IS : 2386 (Part-4) 40 per cent Maximum Aggregate Impact value * IS : 2386 (Part-4) 30 per cent Maximum Flakiness and Elongation** IS : 2386 (Part-1) 30 per cent Maximum Indices (Total) 4. Coating and Stripping of Bitumen AASHTO T 182 Minimum retained Aggregate Mixtures coating 95 per cent 5. Soundness IS : 2386 (Part-5) (i) Loss with Sodium Sulphate 5 cycles 12 per cent Maximum (ii) Loss of Magnesium Sulphate 5 cycles 18 per cent Maximum 6. Water absorption IS : 2386 (Part-3) 2 per cent Maximum * Aggregates may satisfy requirements of either of the two tests. ** To determine this combined proportion, the flaky stone from a representative sample should first be separated out. Flakiness index is weight of flaky stone metal divided by weight of stone sample. Only the elongated particles be separated out from the remaining (non-flaky) stone metal. Elongation index is weight of elongated particles divided by total non-flaky particles. The value of flakiness index and elongation index so found are added up. 507.2.3. Fine aggregates: Fine aggregates shall be the fraction passing 2.36 mm sieve and retained on 75 micron sieve, consisting of crusher-run screening , gravel , sand or a mixture of both. These shall be clean, hard, durable, uncoated, dry and free from any injurious, soft or flaky pieces and organic or other deleterious substances. 507.2.4. Filler: Filler shall consist of finely divided mineral matter such as rock dust, hydrated lime or cement as approved by the Engineer. The filler shall be graded within the following limits: IS Sieve 600 Micron 300 Micron 75 Micron Per cent passing by weight 100 95 - 100 85 100
The filler shall be free from organic impurities and have a Plasticity Index not greater than 4. The Plasticity Index requirement shall not apply if filter is cement or lime. When the coarse aggregate is gravel, 2 per cent by mass of total aggregate of portland cement or hydrated lime shall be added and the percentage of fine aggregate reduced accordingly. Cement or hydrated lime is not required when the gravel is limestone.
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Section
507.2.5. Aggregate gradation: The combined coarse and fine aggregates and filler (when used) shall produce a mixture to conform to the grading set forth in Table 500-9. Table 500-9. AGGREGATE GRADATION FOR DENSE BITUMINOUS MACADAM Sieve Designation 37.5 mm 26.5 mm 13.2 mm 4.75 mm 2.36 mm 300 micron 75 micron Percentage passing the sieve by weight 100 90-100 56-80 29-59 19-45 5-17 1-7
The aggregate mix, as used in work, shall not vary from the low limit on one sieve to the high limit on the adjacent sieve but shall be well graded. 507.3. Mix Design 507.3.1. Requirement of mix: Apart from conformity with grading and quality requirements of individual ingredients, the mix shall meet the requirements set out in Table 50010. Table 500-10. REQUIREMENTS OF DENSE BITUMINOUS MACADAM MIX S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Description Marshall stability (ASTM Designation-D-1559) determined on Marshall specimens compacted by 75 compaction blows on each end Marshall flow (mm) Per cent Air voids Minimum voids in mineral aggregates (VMA) Per cent voids in mineral aggregates filled by bitumen (VFB) Binder content per cent by weight of total mix Requirements 820 kg (1800 lb) minimum 2-4 3-5 10 per cent-12 per cent 65-75 Not less than 4.0 per cent
507.3.2. Binder content: The binder content shall be so fixed as to achieve the requirements of the mix set out in Table 500-10. Marshall method for arriving at the binder content shall be adopted, replacing the aggregates retained on 26.5 mm sieve by the aggregates passing 26.5 mm sieve and retained on 22.4 mm sieve.
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Section
507.3.3. Job mix formula: The Contractor shall intimate to the Engineer in writing, atleast 20 days before the start of the work, the job mix formula proposed to be used by him for the work and shall give the following details: i) Source and location of all materials; ii) Proportions of all materials expressed as follows where each is applicable; (a) Binder, as percentage by weight of total mix; (b) Coarse aggregate/Fine aggregate/Mineral filler as percentage by weight of total aggregate including mineral filler; iii) A single definite percentage passing each sieve for the mixed aggregate; iv) The results of tests enumerated in Table 500-10 as obtained by the Contractor; v) Test results of physical characteristics of aggregates to be used; vi) Mixing temperature and compacting temperature. While working out the job mix formula, the Contractor shall ensure that it is based on a correct and truly representative sample of the materials that will actually be used in the work and that the mix and its different ingredients satisfy the physical and strength requirements of these Specifications. Approval of the job mix formula shall be based on independent testing by the Engineer for which samples of all ingredients of the mix shall be furnished by the Contractor as required by the former. The approved job mix formula shall remain effective unless and until modified by the Engineer. Should a change in the source of materials be proposed, a new job mix formula shall be established and got approved from the Engineer before actually using the materials. 507.3.4. Permissible variation from job mix formula: It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to produce a uniform mix conforming to the approved job mix formula subject to the permissible variations of the individual percentages of the various ingredients in the actual mix from the job mix formula to be used within the limits as specified in Table 500-11. These variations are intended to apply to individual specimens taken for quality control tests vide Section 900. TABLE 500-11. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS FROM THE JOB MIX FORMULA
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 S. No. Description of Ingredients
Section Permissible variation by weight of total mix-in per cent +8 +7 +6 +5 +4 +2 + 0.3 + 10oC
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Aggregate passing 13.2 mm sieve and larger sieves Aggregate passing 11.2 mm sieve and 5.6 mm sieve Aggregate passing 2.80 mm sieve and 1.40 mm sieve Aggregate passing 710 micron sieve and 355 micron sieve Aggregate passing 180 micron sieve Aggregate passing 90 micron sieve Binder Mixing temperature 507.4. Construction Operations
507.4.1. Weather and seasonal limitations: Clause 504.3.1. shall apply. 507.4.2. Preparation of base: The base on which Dense Bituminous Macadam is to be laid shall be prepared, shaped and conditioned to the specified lines, grades and cross sections in accordance with Clause 501 or as directed by the Engineer . The surface shall be thoroughly swept clean free from dust and foreign matter using mechanical broom and dust removed or blown off by compressed air. In portions where mechanical means cannot reach, other approved method shall be used. A priming coat where needed, shall be applied in accordance with Clause 502 or as directed by the Engineer. 507.4.3. Tack coat : A tack coat over the base shall be applied as per Clause 503. 507.4.4. Preparation of mix: Clause 504.3.4. shall apply. 507.4.5. Spreading: The mix transported from the hot mix plant to the site shall be spread by means of a self-propelled paver with suitable screeds capable of spreading, tamping and finishing the mix to specified grade, lines and cross-section. Paver Finisher shall have the essential features as spelt out in Clause 504.3.5. However, in restricted locations and in narrow widths where the available equipment cannot be operated in the opinion of the Engineer, he may permit manual laying of the mix. Similarly for smaller jobs, mechanical paver may be used with the approval of the Engineer. The temperature of mix at the time of laying shall be in the range of 1200-160 0 C. Mixes with a temperature of less than 120 0 C shall not be put into paver spreader. Longitudinal joints and edges shall be constructed true to the delineating lines parallel to the centre line of the road. Longitudinal and transverse joints shall be offset by at least 250 mm from those in the lower courses and the joint on the top most layer shall not be allowed to fall within the wheel path. All transverse joints shall be cut vertically to the
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Section
full thickness of the previously laid mix with asphalt cutter and the surface painted with hot bitumen before placing fresh material. Longitudinal joints shall be preferably hot joints. Cold longitudinal joints shall be properly heated with joint heater to attain a suitable temperature of about 80 0 C laying of adjacent material. 507.4.6. Rolling: After spreading the mix by paver, it shall be thoroughly compacted by rolling with a set of rollers moving at a speed not more than 5 km/h, immediately following close to the paver. Generally the initial or breakdown rolling shall be done with 80-100 kN static weight smooth-wheeled roller. The intermediate rolling shall be done with 80-100 kN static weight vibratory roller or with a pneumatic tyred roller of 150-250 kN weight having a tyre pressure of at least 0.7 MPa. The finish rolling shall be done with 60-80 kN weight smooth wheeled tandem roller. All the compaction operations, i.e., breakdown rolling and intermediate rolling can be accomplished by using vibratory tandem roller of 80-100 kN static weight. During initial breakdown rolling and finish rolling, no vibratory compaction shall be resorted to. The exact pattern of rolling shall be established after trial compaction as approved by the Engineer. Any displacement occurring as a result of reversing of the direction of a roller or from any other cause shall be corrected at once as specified and/or removed and made good. The rollers shall not be permitted to stand on pavement which has not been fully compacted and where temperature is still more than 70 oC. Necessary precautions shall be taken to prevent dropping of oil, grease, petrol or other foreign matter on the pavement either when the rollers are operating or standing. The wheels of roller shall be kept moist to prevent the mix from adhering to them. But in no case shall fuel/lubricating oil be used for this purpose nor excessive water poured on the wheels. Rolling shall commence longitudinally from edges and proceed towards the centre, except that on superelevated and unidirectional cambered portions, it shall progress from the lower to upper edge parallel to the centre line of the pavement. The roller shall proceed on the fresh material with rear or fixed wheel leading so as to minimise the pushing of the mix and each pass of the roller shall overlap the preceding one by half the width of the rear wheel. Rolling shall be continued till the density achieved is at least 98 per cent of that of laboratory Marshall specimen (compacted as defined in Table 500-10) and all roller marks are eliminated. Skin patching of an area that has been rolled will not be permitted. Rolling operations shall be completed in all respects before the temperature of the mix falls below 1000C.
507.5. Opening to Traffic Traffic may be allowed after completion of the final rolling when the mix has cooled down to the surrounding temperature. The Dense Bituminous Macadam shall be
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Section
provided with an appropriate wearing course as early as possible prior to regular opening to normal traffic and/or impending rain. 507.6. Surface Finish and Quality Control of Work The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902. Control on the quality of materials and work shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 507.7. Arrangements for Traffic During the period of construction, arrangements for the traffic shall be done to Clause 112. 507.8. Measurements for Payment Dense Bituminous Macadam shall be measured as finished work in cubic metres or tonnes as directed by the Engineer. 507.9. Rate The contract unit rate for Dense Bituminous Macadam shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 504.8 (i) to (vi). The rate shall cover the provision of bitumen in the mix at 4.5 per cent of the weight of the total mix, with the provision that the variation of quantity of bitumen will be assessed and the payment adjusted as per the rate of bitumen quoted. 508. SURFACE DRESSING 508.1. Single and Two-Coat Surface Dressing using Bitumen 508.1.1. Description: This work shall consist of the application of one coat or two coats of surface dressing, each coat consisting of a layer of bituminous binder sprayed on base prepared previously, followed by a cover of stone chippings properly rolled to form a wearing course to the requirements of these Specifications. 508.1.2. Materials 508.1.2.1 Binder: The binder shall be straight-run bitumen of a suitable grade appropriate to the region, traffic, rainfall and other environmental conditions as directed by the Engineer and conforming to IS : 73. Guidance in this regard may be obtained from Appendix-4.
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Section
508.1.2.2. Stone chippings: The stone chippings shall conform to Clause 504.2.2.1. The Stone Polishing Value as measured by BS 812 (Part 114), shall not be less than 55. The stone chippings shall also conform to the quality requirements of Table 500-3 except that water absorption shall be restricted to a maximum of 1 per cent. The size of stone chippings shall be in accordance with Table 500-12. 508.1.2.3. Quantities of materials: The quantities of materials used for this work shall be as specified in a Table 500-13. TABLE 500-12. SIZE REQUIREMENTS OF STONE CHIPPINGS FOR SURFACE DRESSING USING BITUMEN Normal size of stone chippings 13.2 mm Specifications 100 per cent passing through 22.4 mm sieve & retained on 11.2 mm sieve. 100 per cent passing through 13.2 mm sieve & retained on 5.6 mm sieve.
S. No. 1.
Type of construction Single coat surface dressing or the first coat of two-coat surface dressing Second coat of two-coat surface dressing (also used as a renewal coat)
2.
11.2 mm
TABLE 500-13. QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR 10 sq. m. OF ROAD SURFACE FOR SURFACE DRESSING USING BITUMEN
S. No. 1.
Type of construction Single coat surface dressing or the first coat of the two-coat surface dressing Second coat of the two-coat surface dressing (also used as a renewal coat)
Binder 18.0 kg
Stone chippings 0.15 cu.m
2.
10.0 kg
0.10 cu.m
508.1.3. Construction operations 508.1.3.1. Weather and seasonal limitations: Clause 504.3.1. shall apply. 508.1.3.2. Preparation of base: The base on which the surface dressing is to be laid shall be prepared, shaped and conditioned to the specified lines, grade and crosssection in accordance with Clause 501 and as directed by the Engineer. Priming coat,
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Section
where needed, shall be provided as per Clause 502 and as directed by the Engineer. Where the existing surface shows signs of fatting up, this shall be rectified. The bituminous primed surface to be dressed shall be thoroughly cleaned either by using a mechanical broom or any other approved equipment/method as specified by the Engineer. Dust removed in the process shall be blown off with the help of compressed air. 508.1.3.3. Application of binder: Bitumen shall be heated to 150oC-163oC and sprayed on the dry surface in a uniform manner with the help of self-propelled mechanical sprayers having self-heating arrangement and bitumen pressure pump and spraying bar with nozzles having constant volume or pressure system capable of spraying bitumen uniformly at the rates specified in Table 500-13 and above mentioned temperature. Excessive deposits of binder caused by stopping or starting of the sprayer or through leakages or any other reason shall be corrected by blotting with sand before the stone chippings are spread. 508.1.3.4. Application of stone chippings: Immediately after the application of binder, stone chippings in a dry and clean state shall be spread uniformly on the surface by means of a self-propelled or towed mechanical grit spreader capable of spraying uniformly at rates specified in Table 500-13 so as to cover the surface completely. If necessary, the surface shall be broomed to ensure uniform spread of chippings. 508.1.3.5. Rolling: Immediately after the application of the cover material, the entire surface shall be rolled with a 80-100 kN smooth wheeled steel roller, 80-100 kN static weight vibratory roller, or other approved equipment. Rolling shall commence at the edges and progress towards the centre except in superelevated and uni-directional cambered portions where it shall proceed from the lower edge to the higher edge. Each pass of the roller shall uniformly overlap not less than one-third of the track made in the preceding pass. While rolling is in progress, additional chippings shall be spread by hand in necessary quantities required to make up irregularities. Rolling shall continue until all aggregate particles are firmly embedded in the binder and present a uniform closed surface. 508.1.3.6. Application of second coat of surface dressing: Where surface dressing in two coats is specified, the second coat shall be applied immediately after laying of the first coat. The construction operations for the second coat shall be the same as described in Clause 508.1.3.3. to 508.1.3.5. 508.1.4. Opening to traffic: Traffic shall not be permitted to run on any newly surface dressed area until the following day. In special circumstances, however, the Engineer may open the road to traffic immediately after rolling, but in such cases traffic speed shall be limited to 16 km per hour till the following day. 508.1.5. Surface finish and quality control of work: The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902.
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Section
Control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 508.1.6. Arrangements for traffic: During the period of construction, arrangement of traffic shall be done as per Clause 112. 508.1.7. Measurements for payment: Each coat of surface dressing shall be measured as finished work in square metres. 508.1.8. Rates: The contract unit rate for each coat of surface dressing shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 504.8 (i) to (vi). 508.2. Two-Coat Surface Dressing Using Cationic Bitumen Emulsion 508.2.1. Scope 508.2.1.1. This work shall consist of two-coat surface dressing, each coat consisting of a layer of cationic bitumen emulsion binder sprayed on a base prepared previously, followed by a cover of stone aggregate, properly rolled to form a wearing course to the requirements of these Specifications. 508.2.1.2. It shall, however, not be applicable to a single coat surface dressing using cationic bitumen emulsion. 508.2.2. Material 508.2.2.1. Binder: The binder shall be a Cationic type bitumen emulsion of Rapid Setting (RS) grade complying with IS : 8887 and having bitumen content 60 per cent minimum by weight. 508.2.2.2. Aggregates (A) General Requirements: Clause 508.1.2.2. shall apply except the size requirement which shall be as given in Table 500-14. Wet aggregates can be used for surface dressing with Cationic bitumen emulsions and when aggregates are dusty, they should be cleaned by washing or by sprinkling water copiously. If the road surface is dry, a light sprinkling with water shall be done. (B) Size: The aggregates shall conform to the size given in Table 500-14.
TABLE 500-14. REQUIREMENTS OF STONE CHIPPINGS FOR SURFACE DRESSING USING BITUMEN EMULSION
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 1. For first coat-13.2 mm size
Section
Passing 22.4 mm sieve and retained on 11.2 mm sieve. Passing 9.5 mm sieve and retained on 2.36 mm sieve.
2.
For second coat-6.7 mm size
(C) Quantities of materials: The quantities of materials used for this work shall be as given in Table 500-15. TABLE 500-15. REQUIREMENTS OF MATERIALS USING BITUMEN EMULSION For First Coat 12 to 14 kg 0.10 to 0.12 cu. m. For Second Coat 16 to 18 kg 0.06 to 0.08 cu. m.
Material For 10 sq.m. area Cationic Bitumen Emulsion Aggregates
508.2.3. Construction operations 508.2.3.1. Weather limitations: Cationic bitumen emulsions should not normally be stored below 0oC. However, surface dressing with Cationic bitumen emulsion should be carried out only when the atmospheric temperature is above 10 oC. The work can be carried out when the base is damp. All standing water in depressions shall, however, be removed. 508.2.3.2. Preparation of base: The existing base on which surface dressing is to be laid shall be prepared, shaped and corrected to a uniform grade and camber in accordance with Clause 501. The surface shall be cleaned to remove all loose particles, dust and foreign matter. It is preferable to spray water on the surface to settle the loose dust and also to expose clean surface of aggregates in the case of granular base courses. 508.2.3.3. Preparation of binder: Before opening, the Cationic bitumen emulsion drums should be rolled at slow speed, to and fro, for a distance of about 10 metres, 5 to 6 times to mix the contents properly.
508.2.3.4. First Coat
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Section
(A) Application of Binder: :Cationic bitumen emulsion binder can be applied on wet road surface. If the road surface is dry, light sprinkling with water shall be done. Cationic bitumen emulsion shall be sprayed uniformly on the prepared base by mechanical sprayers. In exceptional cases spraying from a spraying can may be resorted to as directed by the Engineer. The spraying can should have 6mm diameter holes spaced 30 mm apart to prevent clogging. An emulsion tank of 30 litres capacity pressurized by compressed air from a hand pump and a 12 mm flexible pipe with a spray nozzle is a simple and efficient arrangement for spraying. (B) Application of aggregate: Immediately after spraying of Cationic emulsion, aggregate of 13.2 mm size shall be spread uniformly and evenly by mechanical means to cover the surface completely and evenly. Any oversize aggregate, if seen, shall be removed. (C ) Rolling: Immediately after the application of cover material, the surface shall be rolled with 80-100 kN roller preferably by smooth wheeled tandem type. The rolling shall begin at the edge and proceed towards the centre, parallel to the centre line except in superelevated and unidirectional cambered portions where it shall proceed from the lower edge to the higher edge. While rolling, aggregates shall be added or removed so as to ensure a uniformly covered surface. Each-pass of roller shall uniformly overlap not less than one third of the track made in the preceding pass. Rolling shall continue for just enough time to embed the aggregates in the binder and present a uniform closed surface. Excessive rolling, resulting in crushing of aggregates shall be avoided. 508.2.3.5. Second coat (A) Time interval: The second coat of surface dressing shall be applied on the same day as the first coat but at least not earlier than one hour after finishing the rolling of the first coat. (B) Application of emulsion: Traffic shall not be allowed on the first coat before the application of second coat. If the aggregates of the first coat appear to be loose and unbounded in few spots, the same shall not be disturbed. The Cationic bitumen emulsion for second coat shall be sprayed by mechanical sprayer or in exceptional cases by using pouring can with the approval of the Engineer, taking care not to disturb the first layer while walking over it. (C ) Application of aggregate: Immediately after the application of emulsion, 6.7 mm size aggregates shall be spread uniformly by mechanical means to cover the whole surface evenly.
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Section
(D) Rolling: Rolling shall start soon after spreading the aggregates and all operations carried out as per Clause 508.2.3.4 (C) to achieve a uniform closed surface. (E) Finishing: After one pass of the roller, depressions shall be filled with 6.7 mm size aggregate. If excess of aggregate is found in isolated spots, the bigger size aggregates shall be removed to give a uniform surface. Finish rolling on the next day helps to give a firm surface. 508.2.4. Opening to traffic: The road may be opened to traffic 4 hours after completing rolling of the second coat, but preferably the next day after 24 hours. Where the road width is single lane, traffic can be allowed at slow speed of not more than 10 km per hour making sure to add aggregates and emulsion wherever the surface has been picked up by traffic. 508.2.5. Surface finish and quality control of work: The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902. Control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 508.2.6. Arrangement for traffic: During the period of construction, arrangement of traffic shall be done to Clause 112. 508.2.7. Measurements for payment: Two coats of surface dressing shall be measured as a finished work in square metres. 508.2.8. Rate: The contract unit rate for two coats of surface dressing shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 504.8 (i) to (vi). 508.3. Surface Dressing with Precoated Aggregate using Bitumen 508.3.1. Scope 508.3.1.1. The work shall consist of application of either a single coat or two coats of surface dressing over a previously prepared base, each coat consisting of application of bituminous binder sprayed on a base previously prepared followed by a cover of precoated materials properly rolled to form a wearing course to the requirements of these Specifications. 508.3.1.2. This Specification may be adopted in lieu of the conventional surface dressing to Clause 508.1, in situations where better adhesion is required between the aggregates and binder during construction and later in service. The technique is basically
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Section
the same as conventional surface dressing except that a small quantity of binder is used for precoating the aggregates. However, it is quite different from premix construction. 508.3.2. Materials 508.3.2.1. Binder: The binder shall be straight run bitumen of a suitable grade appropriate to the region, traffic and other environmental conditions and as directed by the Engineer and conforming to IS : 73. 508.3.2.2. Aggregates: The aggregates shall conform to Clause 504.2.2. They shall conform to the quality requirements of Table 500-3 except that the water absorption shall be restricted to maximum of 1 per cent. The Stone Polishing Value as measured by BS : 812 (Part-114) shall not be less than 55. The size of the aggregates shall be in accordance with Table 500-12. 508.3.2.3. Quantities of materials: The quantities of materials used for this work shall be as specified in Table 500-12 and 500-13. 508.3.2.4. Precoating: The aggregates shall be precoated with 0.75 to 1.00 per cent of their weight with binder and shall not be precoated simultaneously with the surface dressing operation. The precoated aggregates shall be allowed to cure for at least one week so that they become non-sticky to facilitate easy spreading like normal uncoated aggregates. The aggregates, free of dust or fine particles shall be preheated to 160oC for precoating and then mixed with bitumen binder (0.75 to 1.00 per cent by weight of aggregate) heated to its application temperature. The aggregates and binder shall be thoroughly mixed in a mixer of approved type till the aggregates are uniformly coated. 508.3.3. Construction operations 508.3.3.1. Weather and seasonal Limitations: Clause 504.3.1 shall apply.
508.3.3.2. Preparation of base: Clause 508.1.3.2 shall apply. 508.3.3.3. Application of binder: After deducting the binder quantity consumed in precoating aggregates for first coat in terms of para 508.3.2.4. from the quantities specified in Table 500-13, remaining binder of first coat shall be heated to 150 0 C165 0C and sprayed on the clean and dry surface in a uniform manner preferably with the help of mechanical sprayers having self-heating arrangement, bitumen pressure pump and spray nozzle bar capable of spraying bitumen uniformly at the rates and temperatures specified above. Excessive deposits of binder caused by stoppage or starting of sprayer or through leakage or any other reason shall be corrected before stone chippings are spread. 508.3.3.4. Application of aggregates: Immediately after the application of binder, aggregates in a dry and clean state shall be spread uniformly on the surface
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Section
preferably by means of a mechanical gritter capable of spreading uniformly at the rates specified in Table 500-14 so as to cover the surface completely. If necessary, the surface shall be broomed mechanically or manually to ensure uniform spread of aggregates. 508.3.35. Rolling: Clause 508.1.3.5. shall apply. 508.3.3.6. Application of second coat of surface dressing: The second coat of surface dressing, where specified, shall be applied immediately after the first coat or soon after, depending upon the conditions at site and type of binder used. The construction operations for the second coat shall be the same as described in Clause 508.3.3.3. to 508.3.3.5. except that the rate of application of aggregates and binder for second coat shall be as specified in Table 500-13 after deducing binder consumed for the aggregates required for second coat vide Clause 508.3.2.4. 508.3.4. Opening to traffic: Clause 508.1.4. shall apply. 508.3.5. Surface finish and quality control of work: The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902. Control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 508.3.6. Arrangements for traffic: During the period of construction, arrangement of traffic shall be done to Clause 112. 508.3.7. Measurements for payment: Each coat of surface dressing shall be measured as finished work in square metres. 508.3.8. Rates: The contract unit rate for each coat of surface dressing shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 504.8 (i) to (vi). 509. OPEN-GRADED PREMIX CARPET 509.1. Open-graded Premix Carpet using Bitumen 509 509.1.1. Scope: This work shall consist of laying and compacting an open-graded carpet of 20 mm thickness in a single course composed of suitable small-sized aggregates premixed with a bituminous binder on a previously prepared base, in accordance with the requirements of these Specifications, to serve as a wearing course. 509.1.2. Materials 5091.2.1. Binder: The binder shall be bitumen of a suitable grade appropriate to the region, traffic, rainfall and other environmental conditions, as directed by the Engineer and satisfying the requirements of IS : 73, 217, 454 or other approved cutback as applicable. Guidance in this regard may be taken from Appendix-4.
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Section
509.1.2.2. Aggregates: The coarse aggregates shall conform to Clause 504.2.2.1. The Stone Polishing Value as measured by BS : 812- (Part 114) shall not be less than 55. The aggregates shall satisfy the quality requirements set forth in Table 500-3 except that the water absorption shall be limited to a maximum of 1 per cent. 509.1.2.3. Proportioning of materials: The material shall be proportioned as per quantities given in Table 500-16. TABLE 500-16. QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR 10 m 2 OF ROAD SURFACE FOR 20 mm THICK OPEN-GRADED PREMIX CARPET USING BITUMEN
Aggregates for Carpet (a) Stone chippings-13.2 mm size; passing 22.4 mm sieve and retained on 11.2 mm sieve (b) Stone chippings-11.2 mm size passing 13.2 mm sieve and retained on 5.6 mm sieve Total Binder for Premixing (quantities in terms of straight run bitumen) (a) For 0.18 m3 of 13.2 mm size stone chippings at 52 kg per m3 (b) For 0.09 m3 of 11.2 mm size stone chippings at 56 kg per m3 Total 509.1.3. Construction operations 509.1.3.1. Weather and seasonal limitations: Clause 504.3.1 shall apply. 509.1.3.2. Preparation of base: The underlying base on which the bituminous carpet is to be laid shall be prepared, shaped and conditioned to the specified lines, grade and cross-section in accordance with Clause 501. A prime coat where needed shall be applied in accordance with Clause 502 as directed by the Engineer. 509.1.3.3. Tack coat: A tack coat complying with Clause 503, shall be applied over the base preparatory to laying of the carpet. 509.1.3.4. Preparation of premix: Hot mix plant of appropriate capacity and type shall be used for the preparation of the mix material. The hot mix plant shall have 9.5 kg 5.1 kg 14.6 kg. 0.18 m3 0.09 m3
0.27 m3
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Section
separate dryer arrangement for heating aggregates and pugmill for mixing aggregates and binder. The temperature of binder at the time of mixing shall be in the range of 150 o C to 163 C and that of the aggregates in the range of 155 0 C to 163 0 C provided that the difference in temperature between the binder and aggregates at no time exceeds 14oC. Mixing shall be thorough to ensure that a homogeneous mixture is obtained in which all particles of the aggregates are coated uniformly and the discharge temperature of mix shall be between 130o C and 160o C.
o
The mix shall be immediately transported from the mixer to the point of use in suitable vehicles or wheel barrows. The vehicles employed for transport shall be clean and the mix being transported covered in transit if so directed by the Engineer. 509.1.3.5. Spreading and rolling: The mixed material shall be spread by suitable means. As soon as sufficient length of bituminous material has been laid, rolling shall commence with 80-100 kN rollers, preferably of smooth wheel tandem type, or other approved equipment. Rolling shall begin at the edge and progress toward the centre longitudinally, except that on the superelevated and uni-directional cambered portions, it shall progress from the lower to upper edge parallel to the centre line of the pavement. When the roller has passed over the whole area once, any high sports or depressions which become apparent shall be corrected by removing or adding premixed materials. Rolling shall then be continued until the entire surface has been rolled to compaction and all the roller marks eliminated. In each pass of the roller, preceding track shall be overlapped uniformly by at least 1/3 width. The roller wheels shall be kept damp to prevent the premix from adhering to the wheels and being picked up. In no case shall fuel/lubricating oil be used for this purpose. Excess use of water for this purpose shall be avoided. Rollers shall not stand on newly laid material while there is a risk that it will be deformed thereby. Rolling operations shall be completed in every respect before the temperature of the mix falls below 100o C. The edges along and transverse of the carpet laid and compacted earlier shall be cut to their full depth so as to expose fresh surface which shall be painted with a thin surface coat of appropriate binder before the new mix is placed against it. 509.1.3.6. Seal coat: A seal coat conforming to Clause 513 shall be applied to the surface immediately after laying the carpet. 509.1.4. Opening to traffic: No traffic shall be allowed on the road till the seal coat has been laid. After the seal coat is laid, the road shall be opened to traffic according to Clause 513.4.
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Section
509.1.5. Surface finish and quality control of work: The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902. Control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 509.1.6. Arrangements for traffic: During the period of construction, arrangement of traffic shall be done to Clause 112. 509.1.7. Measurements for payment: Open graded premix carpet shall be measured as finished work in square metres. 509.1.8. Rate: The contract unit rate for open-graded premix carpet shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 504.8. 509.2. 20 mm Thick Premix Carpet using Cationic Bitumen Emulsion 509.2.1. Scope: This work shall consist of laying and compacting an open graded premix carpet of 20 mm thickness with Cationic bitumen emulsion placed on a previously prepared base in accordance with the requirements of these Specifications to serve as a wearing course. 509.2.2. Materials 509.2.2.1. Binder: The binder shall be Cationic bitumen emulsion of Medium Setting (MS) grade complying with IS : 8887 and having bitumen content 60 per cent minimum by weight. For liquid seal coat MS grade can be used, but it is preferable to use Rapid Setting (RS) grade of Cationic bitumen emulsion. However, for premix seal coat Slow Setting (SS) grade Cationic bitumen emulsion shall be used. 509.2.2.2. Coarse aggregates: Clause 509.1.2.2. shall apply. Aggregates should be cleaned by washing or by sprinkling water copiously. The coarse aggregates shall satisfy the quality requirements set forth in Table 500-3, except that the water absorption value shall be limited to a maximum of 1 per cent. Stripping value is not to be considered unless directed by the Engineer. Water absorption up to 2 per cent may be permitted in exceptional cases only. 509.2.2.3. Fine aggregates: Fine aggregates for seal coat shall be crushed stone chips or coarse sand, clean, uncoated and free from clay, dust and other deleterious matter. 509.2.3. Quantities of materials required : The materials shall be proportioned as per quantities given in Table 500-17 and 500-18. TABLE 500-17. QUANTITIES OF AGGREGATES FOR 10 m2 AREA
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 (A) Premix Carpet
Section
(a) Coarse aggregate 13.2 mm size; passing IS 22.4 mm sieve and retained on IS 11.2 mm sieve (b) Coarse aggregate 11.2 mm size; passing IS 13.2 mm sieve and retained on IS 5.6 mm sieve (B) For Seal Coat:
0.18 m3 0.09 m3
(a) Liquid seal coat: Crushed fine aggregates 6.7 mm size; passing IS 9.5mm sieve and retained on IS 2.36mm sieve (b) Premix coat: Coarse sand or stone grit passing 2.36 mm sieve and retained on 180 micron sieve TABLE 500-18. QUANTITIES OF BINDER (A) For Tack Coat (i) Normal bituminous surfaces (ii) Dry and hungry bituminous surface (iii) Granular surfaces treated with primer (iv) Non Bituminous surfaces: (a) Granular base (not primed) (b) Cement concrete surface (B) (C) For Premix Carpet: For Seal Coat : (a) for liquid seal coat (b) for premix seal coat
0.06 m3
0.06 m3
For 10 m2 area 2.0 to 2.5 kg 2.5 to 3.0 kg 2.5 to 3.0 kg 3.5 to 4.0 kg 2.5 to 4.0 kg 20 to 23 kg 12 to 14 kg 10 to 12 kg
509.2.3.1. Aggregates: 509.2.4. Construction operations
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Section
509.2.4.1. Weather limitations: Cationic bitumen emulsions shall not normally be stored below 0o C. However, premix carpet work with Cationic emulsion shall be carried out only when the atmospheric is temperature is above 10o C. 509.2.4.2. Preparation of base: The underlying base on which the premix carpet is to be laid shall be prepared, shaped and conditioned to the specified lines, grades and cross-sections in accordance with Clause 501. The cleaned surface can be finally washed with water , if it is readily available. 509.2.4.3. Preparation of binder: Clause 508.2.3.3 shall apply.
509.2.4.4. Tack coat: Clause 508.2.3.4 (A) shall apply. Tack coat shall be applied not earlier than 10 minutes before spreading the premix. On water bound macadam surface, water shall be sprayed to make the surface damp before applying tack coat. 509.2.4.5. Preparation of premix: Premixing of Cationic bitumen emulsion and aggregates can be done in a suitable mixer such as cold mixing plant as per IS : 5435 (Revised ) or concrete mixer or by shovels in exceptional cases with the approval of the Engineer. However, for large works, continuous mixing operation can be done either in batch or continuous mixer units suitable for emulsion mixes. When using concrete mixer for preparing the premix, 0.135 cu.m. (0.09 cu .m of 13.2 mm size and 0.045 cu. m of 11.2 mm size) of aggregates per batch may be used as this quantity will cover 5 sq. m. of road surface with 20 mm average thickness. The aggregates required for one batch should be kept ready near the mixer. The aggregates shall be cleaned free from dust and dirt, if any, by dipping or washing or copiously sprinkling water. First the coarse aggregates of 13.2 mm size shall be charged into the mixer followed by 5 to 6.5 kg of Cationic bitumen emulsion and then 11.2 mm size aggregates are added, followed by 5 to 6.5 kg of Cationic bitumen emulsion. After the materials have been mixed thoroughly, the mix shall be immediately transported to the laying site in suitable vehicles. Too much mixing shall be avoided as it may result in decoating of aggregates. Because of ease of mixing, Cationic bitumen emulsion and aggregates can be mixed manually by shovels when mechanical mixer is not available or when the work is too small, with the approval of the Engineer. 0.06 cu. m of aggregates can be conveniently mixed in one heap, with appropriate quantity of emulsion. It is preferable to make the aggregates damp before mixing as it reduces the effort required for mixing and also helps to get better coating of aggregates. The 13.2.mm size aggregates and emulsion are mixed first and then the 11.2 mm size aggregates and remaining quantity of emulsion are added and mixed. Too much mixing shall be avoided as it will result in decoating of aggregates.
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Section
509.2.4.6. Spreading of mix: The premixed cationic bitumen emulsion and aggregates shall be spread within 10 minutes of applying the tack coat. The mix is easily workable for about 20 minutes after mixing and hence all levelling, raking, etc., should be completed within this time for easy workability. The mix should be spread uniformly to the desired thickness, grades and crossfall (camber) making due allowance for extra quantity required to fill up depressions, if any. The crossfall should be checked by means of camber boards and inequalities evened out. Too much use of blades or rakes should be avoided. 509.2.4.7. Rolling: The rolling shall start immediately after laying the premix. Smooth wheeled tandem roller of 80-100 kN shall be used preferably, though three wheeled steel roller of equivalent capacity can also be used. While rolling, wheels of roller should be clean and kept most to prevent the premix from adhering to the wheels and being picked up. In no case shall fuel/lubricating oil be used for this purpose. Excessive use of water for this purpose shall also be avoided. Rolling shall commence at the edges and progress towards the centre longitudinally except in case of superelevated and uni-directional cambered sections where rolling shall be done from lower edge towards the higher edge parallel to the centre line of the road. After one pass of roller over the whole area, depressions or uncovered spots should be corrected by adding premix material. Rolling shall be continued until the entire surface has been rolled to compaction and all the roller marks eliminated. In each pass of the roller, preceding track shall be overlapped uniformly by at least 1/3 width. Roller(s) shall not stand on newly laid material while there is a risk that it will be deformed thereby. At joints, the edges along the transverse of the carpet laid and compacted earlier shall be cut to their full depth so as to expose fresh surface which shall be painted with a thin surface coat of binder before the new mix is placed against it. 509.2.4.8. Seal coat: A seal coat, liquid or premix type, shall be applied 4 to 6 hours after laying the premix carpet. Liquid seal coat: Quantities of the materials required are given in Tables 500-17 and 500-18. For application of binder Clause 508.2.3.4 (A) shall apply. Immediately after spraying emulsion, stone chips in a clean state shall be spread uniformly, preferably by means of a mechanical gritter, otherwise manually so as to cover the surface completely. Start rolling with 60-80 kN roller soon after spreading the chips. The rolling operation shall be as indicated in 509.2.4.7. as far as applicable.
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Section
Premix seal coat: The quantities of aggregate and binder to be used shall be as given in Tables 500-17 and 500-18. Grit or sand used for premix seal coat should be made thoroughly wet with water before mixing with emulsion of slow setting grade. The mixing, spreading and rolling etc. shall be carried out as per Clause 509.2.4.5. to 509.2.4.7. except for the quantities and materials which shall be for premix seal coat. Rolling shall be continued till the premix material completely seals the voids in the premix carpet and smooth uniform surface is obtained. 509.2.5. Opening to traffic: Traffic should not be allowed over the premix surface with or without seal coat, for 6 to 8 hours after rolling. In case of single lane roads, traffic may be allowed at slow speed not exceeding 10 km per hour. If any premix material gets picked up by vehicle tyres, the spot shall be filled by new mix. It is preferable to open the road to traffic the next day after 24 hours. 509.2.6. Surface finish and quality control: The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902. The control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 509.2.7. Arrangements for traffic: During the period of construction, arrangement of traffic shall be done to Clause 112. 509.2.8. Measurements for payment: The premix carpet and seal coat shall be measured as finished work in square metres. 509.2.9. Rates: The contract unit rate for premix carpet and seal coat shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 504.8 (i) to (vi). 510. MIX SEAL SURFACING 510.1 Scope 510.1.1. This work shall consist of laying and compacting mix seal surfacing in a single course composed of suitable aggregates premixed with a bituminous binder on a previously prepared base, in accordance with the requirements of these Specifications, to serve as a wearing course.
510.1.2. Mix seal surfacing shall be of Type A or Type B as specified. 510.2. Materials
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 510.2.1. Binder: Clause 509.1.2.1. shall apply. 510.2.2. Coarse aggregates: Clause 509.1.2.2. shall apply.
Section
510.2.3. Fine aggregates: The fine aggregates shall consist of crusher run screening, natural gravel/sand or a mixture of both. These shall be clean, hard, durable, uncoated, dry and free from injurious, soft or flaky pieces and organic or deleterious substances. 510.2.4. Aggregates gradation: The coarse and fine aggregates shall be so graded or combined as to conform to the grading set forth in Table 500-19. TABLE 500-19. AGGREGATES GRADATION FOR MIX SEAL SURFACING IS Sieve Designation 13.2 mm 11.2 mm 5.6 mm 2.8 mm 90 micron Per cent by weight For Type A Mix passing Seal the sieve Surfacing
-
For Type B Mix Seal Surfacing 100 88-100 31-52 5-25 0-5
100 52-88 14-38 0-5
510.2.5. Proportioning of materials: The total quantity of aggregates used for Type A and B mix seal surface shall be 0.27 cubic metre per 10 square metres area. The quantity of binder used for premixing in terms of straight-run bitumen shall be 22.0 kg and 19.0 kg per 10 square metres area for Type A and Type B surfacing respectively. 510.3. Construction Operations Clause 509.1.3.1. Through 509.1.3.5. shall apply. 510.4. Opening to Traffic Traffic may be allowed after completion of the final rolling when the mix has cooled down to the surrounding temperature. 510.5. Surface Finish and Quality Control of Work The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902.
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Section
Control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 510.6. Arrangements for Traffic During the period of construction, arrangement of traffic shall be done to Clause 112. 510.7. Measurements for Payment Mix seal surfacing, Type A or B shall be measured as finished work in square metres. 510.8. Rate The contract unit rate for mix seal surfacing, Type A or B shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 504.8 (i) to (vi). 511. SEMI-DENSE BITUMINOUS CONCRETE 511.1. Scope This work shall consist of construction in a single course of semi-dense bituminous concrete binder/wearing course on a previously prepared bituminous base to the requirements of the Specifications. 511.2. Materials 511.2.1. Binder: Clause 504.2.1. shall apply. 511.2.2. Coarse aggregates: Clause 504.2.2 shall apply. The Stone Polishing Value as measured by BS : 812 (Part-114) shall not be less than 55. The aggregates shall satisfy the physical requirements as given in Table 500-3 except that the maximum value of water absorption shall be 1 per cent. However, water absorption upto a maximum of 2 per cent may be permitted in exceptional cases only. 511.2.3. Fine aggregates: Clause 507.2.4. shall apply. 511.2.4. Filler: Clause 507.2.4. shall apply. 511.2.5. Aggregates gradation: The mineral aggregates including filler shall be so graded or combined as to conform to the grading set forth in Table 500-20.
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 TABLE 500-20. AGGREGATES GRADATION FOR SEMI-DENSE BITUMINOUS CONCRETE Grading 1 100 88-100 42-64 22-38 11-24 7-18 5-13 3-9 Grading 2 100 85-100 70-92 42-64 22-38 11-24 7-18 5-13 3-9
Section
IS Sieve Designation 22.4 mm 13.2 mm 11.2 mm 5.6 2.8 710 355 180 90 mm mm micron micron micron micron
Grading 3 100 79-100 68-90 33-55 22-38 6-22 4-14 2-9 0-5
Note : Grading 1 shall be adopted for 25 mm compacted thickness and Grading 2/3 for higher thicknesses. 511.3. Mix Design 511.3.1. Requirements of mix: Semi-dense bituminous concrete mix shall be properly designed so as to satisfy the criteria laid down in Table 500-21.
TABLE 500-21. REQUIREMENTS OF SEMI-DENSE BITUMINOUS CONCRETE MIX
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 1. Marshall Stability (ASTM Designation: D 1559) determined on Marshall specimens compacted with 75 compaction blows on each end Marshall flow (mm) Per cent air voids in mix Per cent air voids in material aggregate (VMA) (Minimum)
Section
820 kg (1800 lbs) Minimum
2. 3. 4.
2-4 3-5 (for 13.2 mm max size) 11-13 (for 22.4 mm max size) 65-75 Not less than 4.0 per cent
5. 6.
Per centage voids in mineral aggregates filled with bitumen (VFB) Binder content, per cent by weight of mix
Note : 1. Higher stability values consistent with other requirements should be achieved as far possible. 2. At bus stops, parking areas and roundabouts near minimum flow value should be adopted. 3. Attempt should be to have well graded aggregates and the per cent voids in the mix closer to the lower limit. 511.3.2. Binder content: The binder content shall be so fixed as to achieve the requirements of the mix set forth in the Table 500-21. Marshall Method for arriving at the binder content shall be adopted. 511.3.3 Job mix formula: Clause 507.3.3 shall apply. 511.3.4. Permissible variation from job mix formula: The Contractor shall have the responsibility of ensuring proper proportioning of materials in accordance with the approved job mix formula and producing a uniform mix. The permissible variations of the individual percentages of the various ingredients in the actual mix from the job mix formula may be within the limits as specified in Table 500-22. These variations are intended to apply to individual specimens taken for quality control tests vide Section 900. Table 500-22. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS FROM JOB MIX FORMULA
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 S.No. Description of ingredient
Section Permissible variation by weight of total mix in percentage 8 7 6 5 4 2 0.3 10oC
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Aggregate passing 13.2 mm sieve and larger sieves Aggregate passing 11.2 mm sieve and 5.6 mm sieve Aggregate passing 2.8 mm sieve and 1.40 mm sieve Aggregate passing 710 micron sieve and 355 micron sieve Aggregate passing180 micron sieve Aggregate passing 90 micron sieve Bitumen Mixing Temperature 511.4. Construction Operations
511.4.1. Weather and seasonal limitations: Clause 504.3.1. shall apply. 511.4.2. Preparation of base: The base on which semi-dense bituminous concrete is to be laid shall be prepared, shaped and conditioned to the specified lines, grades and cross-sections in accordance with Clause 501 or as directed by the Engineer. 511.4.3. Tack coat: A tack coat as per Clause 503 shall be applied on the base. 511.4.4. Preparation of mix: Clause 507.4.4 shall apply. 511.4.5. Spreading of mix: Clause 507.4.5. shall apply. 511.4.6. Rolling: Clause 507.4.6 shall apply. 511.5. Opening to Traffic Traffic may be allowed after completion of the final rolling when the mix has cooled down to the surrounding temperature. 511.6. Surface Finish and Quality Control of Work The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902.
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Section
Control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 511.7. Arrangements for Traffic During the period of construction, arrangement of traffic shall be done to Clause 112. 511.8. Measurements for Payment Semi-dense bituminous concrete shall be measured as finished work in cubic metres or tonnes as directed by the Engineer. 511.9. Rate The contract unit rate for semi-dense bituminous concrete shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 504.8 (i) to (vi). The rate shall cover the provision of bitumen in the mix at 4.5 per cent of the weight of the total mix, with the provision that the variation of quality of bitumen will be assessed and the payment adjusted as per the rate of bitumen coated. 512. BITUMINOUS CONCRETE 512.1. Scope This work shall consist of construction in a single layer, bituminous concrete (asphaltic concrete) of thickness 25-100 mm on previously prepared bituminous course to the requirements of these Specifications. 512.2. Materials 512.2.1. Bitumen: Clause 507.2.1. shall apply. 512.2.2. Coarse aggregates: Clause 507.2.2. shall apply. The Stone Polishing Value as measured by BS : 812 (Part 114) shall not be less than 55. The aggregates shall satisfy the physical requirements as given in Table 500-8 except that the maximum value for the water absorption should be 1 per cent. 512.2.3. Fine aggregates: Clause 507.2.3. shall apply. 512.2.4. Filler: Clause 507.2.4 shall apply. 512.2.5. Aggregates gradation: The mineral aggregates, including mineral filler shall be so graded or combined as to conform to the grading set forth in Table 500-23.
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Section
TABLE 500-23. AGGREGATES GRADATION FOR BITUMINOUS CONCRETE IS Sieve Designation 26.5 mm 19 mm 9.5 mm 4.75 mm 2.36 mm 300 micron 75 micron 510 512.2. Mix Design Per cent passing the sieve by weight 100 90-100 56-80 35-65 23-49 5-19 2-8
512.3.1. Requirement of mix: Apart from conformity with the grading and quality requirements of individual ingredients, the mix shall meet the requirements set forth in Table 500-24. TABLE 500-24. REQUIREMENTS OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE MIX S. No. 1. Description Marshall stability (ASTM Designation: D-1559) determined on Marshall specimens compacted by 75 compaction blows on each end Marshall flow (mm) Per cent voids in mix Per cent voids in mineral aggregates (VMA) Per cent voids in mineral aggregates filled by bitumen (VFB) Binder content, per cent by weight of total mix Water Sensitivity (ASTM D1075) Loss of stability on immersion in water at 60o C Swell Test (Asphalt Instt. MS-2, No. 2) Requirements 820 kg (1800 lb) Minimum 2-4 3-5 Minimum 11-13 per cent 65-75 Minimum 4.5 Min 75 per cent retained strength 1.5 per cent Max
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
512.3.2. Binder content: The binder content shall be so fixed as to achieve the requirements of the mix set forth in Table 500-24. Marshall method for arriving at the binder content shall be adopted.
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512.3.3. Job mix formula: Clause 507.3.3. shall apply except that the requirement of Bituminous Concrete mix shall be as per Table 500-24. 512.3.4. Permissible variations from the job mix formula: The Contractor shall have the responsibility of ensuring proper proportioning of materials in accordance with the approved job mix formula and producing a uniform mix. The permissible variations of individual percentages of various ingredients in the actual mix from the job mix formula may be within the limits as specified in Table 500-11. These variations are intended to apply to individual specimens taken for quality control tests vide Section 900. 512.4. Construction Operations 512.4.1. Weather and seasonal limitations: Clause 504.3.1. shall apply. 512.4.2. Preparation of base: The base on which bituminous concrete is to be laid shall be prepared, shaped and conditioned to the specified levels, grade and crossfall (camber) in accordance with Clause 501 or as directed by the Engineer. The surface shall be thoroughly swept clean free from dust and foreign matter using mechanical broom and dust removed by mechanical means or blown off by compressed air. In portions where mechanical means cannot reach, other approved method shall be used. 512.4.3.Tack coat: A tack coat complying with Clause 503 shall be applied over the base. 512.4.4. Preparation of mix: Clause 507.4.4. shall apply. 512.4.5 Spreading: Clause 507.4.5. shall apply. 512.4.6. Rolling: Clause 507.4.6. shall apply. 512.5. Opening to Traffic Traffic may be allowed immediately after completion of the final rolling when the mix has cooled down to the surrounding temperature. 512.6 . Surface Finish and Quality Control of Work The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902. Control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900.
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 512.7. Arrangements for Traffic
Section
During the period of construction, arrangement of traffic shall be done to Clause 112. 512.8. Measurements for Payment Bituminous concrete shall be measured as finished work in cubic metres or tonnes as provided in the Contract. 512.9. Rate The contract unit rate for bituminous concrete shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 504.8. (i) to (vi). The rate shall cover the provision of bitumen in the mix at 5.0 per cent of the weight of the total mix with the provision that variation of the quantity of bitumen will be assessed and the payment adjusted as per the rate of bitumen quoted. 513. SEAL COAT 513.1. Scope 513.1.1. This work shall consist of application of a seal coat for sealing the voids in a bituminous surface laid to the specified levels, grade and cross fall (camber). 513.1.2. Seal coat shall be of either of the two types as specified below: (A) (B) Liquid seal coat comprising of an application of a layer of bituminous binder followed by a cover of stone chippings. Premixed seal coat comprising of a thin application of fine aggregates premixed with bituminous binder.
513.2. Materials 513.2.1. Binder: Clause 509.1.2.1. shall apply. The quantity of bitumen shall be 9.8 kg and 6.8 kg per 10 square metres area for Type (A) and Type (B) seal coat respectively. 513.2.2. Stone chippings for type (A) seal coat: The stone chippings shall consist of angular fragments of clean, hard, tough and durable rock of uniform quality throughout. They should be free of elongated or flaky pieces, soft or disintegrated stone, organic or other deleterious matter. Stone chippings shall be of 6.7 mm size defined as 100 per cent passing through 11.2 mm sieve and retained on 2.36 mm sieve. The quantity used for spreading shall be 0.09 cubic metre per 10 square metres area. The chippings
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Section
shall satisfy the quality requirements spelt out in Table 500-3 except that the upper limit for water absorption value shall be 1 per cent. 513.2.3. Aggregates for type (B) seal coat: The aggregates shall be sand or grit and shall consist of clean, hard, durable, uncoated dry particles and shall be free from dust, soft or flaky/elongated material, organic matter or other deleterious substances. The aggregate shall pass 2.36 mm sieve and be retained on 180 micron sieve. The quantity used for premixing shall be 0.06 cubic metre per 10 square metres area. 513.3. Construction Operations 513.3.1. Preparation of base: The seal coat shall be applied immediately after the laying of bituminous course which is required to be sealed. Before application of seal coat materials, the surface shall be cleaned free of any dust or other extraneous matter. 513.3.2. Construction of type (A) seal coat: The binder shall be heated in boilers of suitable design, to the temperature appropriate to the grade of bitumen approved by the Engineer, and the seal coat applied in accordance with the construction operations described in Clauses 508.1.3.3 through 508.1.3.5. 513.3.3. Construction of type (B) seal coat: Mixer of appropriate capacity and type shall be used for preparation of mix material. The plant shall have separate dryer arrangement for heating aggregate and pugmill for mixing aggregate and binder. The binder shall be heated in boilers of suitable design, to the temperature appropriate to the grade of bitumen approved by the Engineer. Also the aggregates shall be dry and suitably heated to a temperature directed by the Engineer before the same are placed in the mixer. Mixing of binder with aggregates to the specified proportions shall be continued till the latter are thoroughly coated with the former. The mix shall be immediately transported from the mixing plant to the point of use and spread uniformly on the bituminous surface to be sealed. As soon as sufficient length has been covered with the premixed material, the surface shall be rolled with 80-100 kN smooth-wheeled roller. Rolling shall be continued till the premixed material completely seals the voids in the bituminous course and a smooth uniform surface is obtained. 513.4. Opening to Traffic In the case of type (B) seal coat, traffic may be allowed soon after final rolling when the premixed material has cooled down to the surrounding temperature. However, as regards type (A) seal coat, Clause 508.1.4. shall apply.
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 513.5. Surface Finish and Quality Control of Work
Section
The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902. Control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 513.6. Arrangements for Traffic During the period of construction, arrangement of traffic shall be done to Clause 112. 513.7. Measurements for Payment Seal coat, Type (A) and (B) shall be measured as finished work in square metres. 513.8. Rate The contract unit rate for seal coat, Type (A) or (B) shall be payment in full carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 504.8. (i) to (vi). 514. SUPPLY OF MINERAL AGGREGATES FOR PAVEMENT COURSES 514.1. Scope These Specifications shall apply to work where it is intended only to collect, transport and stack the mineral aggregates and mineral filler for use in pavement courses. The actual work of laying the courses shall, however, be governed by the Specifications for the same, given elsewhere in these Specifications. The size and quantities of the aggregates to be so supplied shall be so selected by the Engineer that the grading requirements set forth in these Specifications for the courses for which the supply is intended are satisfied. All the material shall be procured from approved sources and shall conform to the physical requirements, specified in the respective Specifications for the individual items given elsewhere in these Specifications. 514.2. Sizes of Mineral Aggregates The mineral aggregates shall be designated by the their standard sizes in the Contract and shall conform to the requirements set forth in Table 500-25.
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Section
TABLE 500-25. SIZE REQUIREMENTS FOR MINERAL AGGREGATES
S.No.
Standard size of aggregates 75 63 45 mm mm mm
Designation of sieve through which the aggregates shall wholly pass 106 90 53 45 mm mm mm mm
Designation of sieve on which the aggregates shall wholly be retained 63 53 26.5 22.4 13.2 11.2 6.7 2.8 mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)
26.5 mm 22.4 mm 13.2 mm 11.2 mm 6.7 mm 514.3. Stacking 1. Coarse Aggregates:
26.5 mm 22.4 mm 13.2 mm 11.2 mm
Only the aggregates satisfying the Specification requirements shall be conveyed to the roadside and stacked. Each size of aggregate shall be stacked separately. Likewise, materials obtained from different quarry sources shall be stacked separately. 2. Fine Aggregates: As given in relevant Specifications. The aggregates shall be stacked entirely clear of the roadway on even ground, or platform prepared in advance for the purpose by the Contractor at his own cost and in a manner that permits of correct and ready measurement. Material shall not be stacked in location liable to inundation or floods. The dimensions of the stacks and their location shall be as approved by the Engineer. Where the material is improperly stacked, the Engineer shall have the right to order complete re-stacking of the materials to specifications at the cost of the Contractor. Mineral filler shall be supplied in dry state in bags or other suitable containers approved by the Engineer and shall be protected from weather dampness, etc., so as to prevent deterioration in quality.
514.4. Quality Control of Materials
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Section
The Engineer shall exercise control over the quality of the materials so as to ascertain their conformity with the Specification requirements, by carrying out tests for the specified properties. Testing shall be to the following frequencies and the Engineer shall have the right to modify these according to the needs. Coarse and fine : aggregates Mineral filler : One test for each specified property per 50 m3 of material. One test for each specified property for every five tonnes, subject to a minimum of one test for each consignment.
Material not conforming to the Specification requirements shall not be brought to the work site. 514.5. Measurements for Payment Coarse and fine aggregates supplied at site of works shall be paid for in cubic metres. The actual volume of the aggregates to be paid for shall be computed after deducting the specified percentages from the volume computed by stack measurements Table 500-26. TABLE 500-26. PER CENT REDUCTION IN VOLUME OF AGGREGATES S.No. Standard size of aggregates Percentage reduction in volume computed by stack measurements to arrive at the volume to be paid for 12.5 10.0 5.0 5.0
1. 2. 3. 4.
75 mm and 63 mm 45 mm and 26.5 mm 22.4 mm, 13.2 mm, 11.2 mm and 6.7 mm Fine aggregate
Unless otherwise directed, measurement shall not be taken until sufficient material for use on the road have been collected and stacked. Immediately after measurement, the stacks shall be marked by white wash or other means as directed by the Engineer. Mineral filler as delivered at site of works shall be measured in tonnes.
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 514.6. Rates
Section
The contract unit rates for different sizes of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and mineral filler shall be payment in full for collecting, conveying and stacking or storing at site of works including full compensation for: (i) (ii) (iii) all royalties, fees, rents where necessary; all leads and lifts; and all labour, tools, equipments and incidentals to complete the work to the Specifications. 515. 515.1 Scope 515.1.1 This work shall consist of constructing a single layer of 25 mm to 50 mm thick Bitumen Mastic wearing course for road pavements and bridge decks. The bitumen mastic shall be laid over a Dense Bituminous Macadam base in case of road pavements and over a Cement Concrete base in bridge decks. 515.1.2. The Bitumen Mastic is an intimate homogeneous mixture of selected well-graded aggregates and bitumen in such proportions as to yield a plastic and voidless mass, which when applied hot can be trowelled and floated to form a very dense impermeable surfacing. 515.2. Materials 515.2.1 Bitumen: The binder shall be straight-run bitumen of a suitable grade satisfying the requirements of IS : 73 or industrial bitumen as per IS : 702. It shall be paving bitumen of Grade S 35 (30/40 penetration grade) or any other appropriate grade as directed by the Engineer. The requirements of physical properties of bitumen are as given in Table 500-27. TABLE 500-27. REQUIREMENTS OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Characteristic Penetration at 25oC (in 1/100 cm) Softening point (Ring and Ball Method) Ductility at 27o C (Minimum) Loss on heating (Maximum) Solubility in CS2 (Minimum) Requirement 20 to 40 50o C to 90o C 10 cm 3 per cent 99 per cent Method of tests IS : 1203 IS : 1205 IS : 1208 IS : 1212 IS : 1216 BITUMEN MASTIC
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515.2.2. Coarse aggregates: The coarse aggregates shall consist of hard, durable crushed stones, which shall be clean, strong, free of disintegrated pieces, organic and other deleterious matter and adherent coatings. They shall be hydrophobic and of low porosity and shall satisfy the physical requirements given in Table 500-3 except that the maximum value of water absorption shall be 1 per cent. The percentage and grading of the coarse aggregates to be incorporated in the bitumen mastic depending upon the thickness of the finished course shall be as in Table 500-28. TABLE 500-28. GRADING AND PERCENTAGE OF COARSE AGGREGATES S.No. Type of work Thickness of Finished Course (mm) Percentage of Coarse Aggregates
Passing IS Sieve 19 mm 13.2 mm 2.36 mm
Percentage 100 88-96 0-5
1.
Wearing course for pavement & bridge deck
(a) 25-40 (b) 41-50
(a) 30-40 (b) 40-50
515.2.3. Fine aggregates: The fine aggregates shall be the fraction passing 2.36 mm and retained on 75 micron sieve consisting of crusher run screening, natural sand or a mixture of both. These shall be clean, hard, durable, uncoated, dry and free from any injurious soft or flaky pieces and organic or deleterious substances. 515.2.4. Filler: The filler shall be limestone powder passing 75 micron sieve and shall have a calcium carbonate content of not less than 80 per cent by weight when determined in accordance with IS : 1195. The grading of the fine aggregates inclusive of filler shall be as given in Table 500-29. TABLE 500-29. GRADING OF FINE AGGREGATES (INCLUSIVE OF FILLER) S.No. 1 2 3 4 I.S. Sieve Passing 2.36 mm 600 212 micron micron I.S. Sieve Retained 600 micron 212 micron 75 micron _ Percentage by Weight 0-25 5-35 10-20 30-50 14-17
75 micron Bitumen Binder
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 515.3. Mix Design
Section
515.3.1. Hardness number: The bitumen mastic shall have a hardness number of 60 to 80 at 25 0C without coarse aggregates and 10 to 20 at 25 0 C after adding coarse aggregates. The hardness number shall be determined in accordance with the method specified in IS : 1195. 515.3.2. Binder content: The binder content shall be so fixed as to achieve the requirements of the mix set forth in Clause 515.3.1. and shall be in the range of 14 to 17 per cent by weight of total mix as indicated in Table 500-29. 515.3.3. Job mix formula: The Contractor shall intimate the Engineer in writing at least 20 days before the start of the work, the job mix formula proposed to be used by him for the work, indicating the source and location of all materials, proportions of all materials such as binder and aggregates, single definite percentage passing each sieve for the mixed aggregates and results of the tests recommended in various Tables and Clauses of this Specification. 515.4. Construction Operations 515.4.1. Weather and seasonal limitations: Clause 504.3.1. shall apply. 515.4.2. Preparation of the base: The base on which bitumen mastic is to be laid shall be prepared, shaped and conditioned to the specified levels, grade and crossfall (camber ) in accordance with Clause 501 or as directed by the Engineer. In case of a cement concrete base, the surface shall be thoroughly swept and scraped clean and free of dust and other deleterious matter. Under no circumstances shall bitumen mastic be spread on a base containing a binder which will soften under high application temperatures. If any such spots or area are there, the same shall be cut and repaired before the bitumen mastic is laid. 515.4.3. Tack coat: A tack coat as per Clause 503 shall be applied on the base or as directed by the Engineer. 515.4.4. Preparation of bitumen mastic: Preparation of bitumen mastic consists of two stages. The first stage shall be mixing of filler and fine aggregates and then heating the mixture to a temperature of 170 0 C to 2000 C. Required quantity of bitumen shall be heated to 1700 C to 1800 C and added to the heated aggregate. They shall be mixed and cooked in an approved type of mechanically agitated mastic cooker for some time till the materials are thoroughly mixed. Initially the filler alone is to be heated in the cooker for an hour and then half the quantity of binder is added. After heating and mixing for some time, the fine aggregates and the balance of binder are to be added and further cooked for about one hour. The second stage is incorporation of coarse aggregates and cooking the mixture for a total period of 3 hours. During cooking and mixing, care shall be taken to ensure that the contents in the cooker are at no time heated to a temperature exceeding 2000 C.
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Section
In case where the material is not required for immediate use it shall be cast into blocks with filler, fine aggregates and binder, weighing about 25 kg each. These blocks when required to be used, have to be reheated in the mechanically agitated cooker to a temperature of not less than 170o C and not more than 200o C, thoroughly incorporated with the requisite quantity of coarse aggregates and mixed continuously for not less than an hour. Mixing shall be continued until laying operations are completed so as to maintain the coarse aggregates in suspension. At no stage during the process of mixing shall the temperature exceed 200o C. The bitumen mastic blocks (without coarse aggregates) shall show on analysis a composition within the limits as given in Table 500-30.
TABLE 500-30. COMPOSITION OF BITUMEN MASTIC BLOCKS WITHOUT COARSE AGGREGATES
I.S. Sieve Passing 2.36 mm 600 212 micron micron
I.S. Sieve Retained 600 micron 212 micron 75 micron -
Minimum 0 4 8 25 14
Maximum 22 30 18 45 17
75 micron Bitumen Content
The mix shall be transported to the laying site in a towed mixer transporter having arrangement for stirring and keeping the mix hot during transportation. 515.4.5. Spreading: The bitumen mastic shall be deposited directly on the prepared base immediately in front of the spreader where it is spread uniformly by means of wooden floats to the required thickness. The mix shall be laid in one metre width contained between angle iron of sizes suitable to retain the required thickness. The temperature of the mix at time of laying shall be around 170 0 C. In case blowing takes place while laying the bitumen mastic, the bubbles shall be punctured while it is hot and the surface treated well. 515.4.6. Joints: It shall be ensured that all construction joints are properly and truly made. These joints shall be made by warming existing bitumen mastic by the application of excess quantity of the bitumen mastic mix which afterwards shall be trimmed off to make it flush with the surfaces on either side. 515.4.7. Surface finish: The bitumen mastic surface can be slippery after floating; in order to provide resistance to skidding, the bitumen mastic after spreading, while still hot, and in plastic condition shall be covered with a layer of stone aggregates of 9.5 mm size (passing 13.2 mm sieve and retained on 6.7 mm sieve). Hard stone chips
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Section
of approved quality precoated with bitumen at the rate of two per cent of S-65 to S-90 penetration grades at 25o C at the rate of 0.005 cu. m per 10 sq.m shall be rolled or otherwise pressed into the surface of the mastic layer when the temperature of bitumen mastic is between 80o C and 100o C. 515.5 Opening to Traffic The traffic may be allowed after completion of the work when the bitumen mastic has cooled down to the surrounding temperature. 515.6 Quality Control of Work The type and grade of bitumen; the quality, grade and percentage of coarse and fine aggregates and filler; the temperature control for heating the materials/mix, laying, floating and compacting, hardness number of the bitumen mastic, etc., should be strictly followed as indicated in the various Clauses of this Specification or as directed by the Engineer. The quality control tests for coarse and fine aggregates shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. For mineral filler, one test for each property for every 5 tonnes, subject to a minimum of one test for each consignment shall be carried out. The surface of the bitumen mastic tested with a straight edge 3.0 m long, placed parallel to the centre line of the carriageway shall have no depression greater than 4 mm. The same limit shall also apply in case of transverse profile when tested with a camber template. 515.7. Arrangements for Traffic During the period of construction, arrangement of traffic shall be done to Clause 112. 515.8. Measurements for Payment Bitumen mastic shall be measured as finished work in square metres or by weight in metric tonnes as provided in the Contract. 515.9. Rate The contract unit rate for bitumen mastic shall be payment in full carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed under Clause 504.8 (i) to (vi). 516. SLURRY SEAL
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 516.1. Scope
Section
This work shall consist of mixing emulsified bitumen, well-graded fine aggregates (with mineral filler) and water, spreading the mixture and rolling on a pavement surfacing as a surface treatment. 516.2. Materials The materials for slurry seal immediately prior to mixing shall conform to the following requirements: 516.2.1. Emulsified bitumen: The emulsified bitumen shall be a Cationic rapid setting type as approved by the Engineer, conforming to the requirements as per IS : 8887. It shall be capable of producing a slurry as would develop early resistance to traffic and rain and is sufficiently stable to permit mixing with the specified aggregates, without breaking during the mixing and laying processes. If approved by the Engineer, a slow setting emulsion may be used. 516.2.2. Water: Water shall be of such quality that the bitumen will not separate from the emulsion before the slurry seal is in place of work. 516.2.3. Aggregates: The aggregates shall be crushed igneous rock, limestone or slag and may be blended, if required, with clean, sharp, naturally occurring sand free from silt, clay or other fine material to produce a grading as given in Table 500-31. It shall meet the requirements of the film stripping test (IS : 6241) and suitable amount and type of anti-striping agent added, as may be needed.
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Section
TABLE 500-31. AGGREGATES GRADING FOR SLURRY SEAL Sieve size 4.75 mm 3.35 mm 2.36 mm 1.18 mm 600 300 150 75 micron micron micron micron 516.3 Proportioning The mixed material shall consist of aggregates, water and emulsified bitumen (about 180-250 litres per tonne of dry aggregates) and where necessary, Portland cement as an additive. The proportion of the additive (portland cement) shall not normally exceed 2 per cent by weight of dry aggregates. The precise proportion of each constituent should be selected by laboratory tests and trials. 516.4. Mixing The various constituents shall be weighed in the needed proportions and mixed in a mechanical mixer so that all particles of the aggregates are uniformly coated and the slurry is of such consistency as can be satisfactorily laid. It shall be a semi-fluid, homogeneous mass with no emulsion run-off. 516.5. Site Preparation The pavement surface shall be suitable prepared by removing any loose material, dust and vegetation after patching up any potholes, depressions etc. All manhole covers, inspection covers and gully gratings should be masked. 516.6. Laying If required, a tack coat shall be applied. The rate of spread of tack coat shall depend on the surface to be treated: for bituminous surfaces, at the rate of 0.15 to 0.30 litres/sq.m and for concrete surfaces at the rate of 0.4 to 0.6 litres/sq.m. Spreading shall be carried out by mechanical means. Spreading shall not be undertaken when the ground temperature falls below 40 C or where the surface contains standing water. The slurry 3 mm 100 80-100 75-100 55-90 35-70 20-45 10-25 5-15 1.5 mm 100 95-100 70-95 55-75 30-50 10-30 5-15
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Section
shall be spread at a rate such that the cover of aggregates (dry mass equivalent) is 4-6 kg/sq.m. for 3 mm thick work and 2-4 kg/sq.m for 1.5 mm thick work. The slurry shall be rolled by a pneumatic tyred roller having an individual wheel load between 7.5 and 15.0 kN making at least six passes or as may be directed by the Engineer. Rolling shall commence as soon as the slurry has set sufficiently to ensure that rutting or excessive movement will not occur., Adequate steps shall be taken to avoid damage by traffic until such time that the mixture has cured sufficiently so that the slurry seal will not adhere to and be picked up by the tyres of vehicles. 516.7. Surface Finish and Quality Control of Work The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902. Control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 516.8. Measurements for Payment Slurry seal shall be measured as finished work in square metres. 516.9. Rate The contract unit rate for slurry seal shall be payment in full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in Clause 504.8 (i) to (vi). 517. RECYCLING OF BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT 517.1 Scope This Specification covers the recycling of existing bituminous pavement materials towards upgrading an old bituminous pavement which has served its first-intended purpose. The work shall be performed on such widths and lengths as may be directed by the Engineer and may consist of pavement removal, stockpiling of materials from the old pavement, addition of new bitumen and untreated aggregates in the requisite proportions, mixing , spreading and compacting of the blended materials. 517.2. Materials 517.2.1 Material for recycling pavement: The recycling materials shall be a blend of reclaimed and new materials proportioned to achieve a paving mixture with specified engineering properties. The reclaimed materials shall be tested and evaluated to find the optimum blend meeting the mix requirements. Such testing and evaluation shall be carried out on representative samples obtained by the random sampling technique.
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Section
517.2.2. Extraction: ASTM Designation D-2172 shall be adopted to quantitatively separate aggregates and bitumen from any representative sample of reclaimed bitumen pavement. 517.2.3. Aggregates evaluation: Mechanical sieve analysis (IS : 2386, Part I) shall be performed on the aggregates portion of the reclaimed bituminous pavement sample to determine the gradation. Any deficiencies shall be made up by suitably blending the needed sieve fractions of new and/or reclaimed aggregates with reclaimed bituminous pavement aggregates. 517.2.4. Evaluation of bitumen: Based on the relative weights of extracted aggregates and bitumen in the reclaimed bituminous pavement, the bitumen content shall be determined at 600 C to estimate the required amount and grade of bitumen to be used in the recycled mix design. 517.2.5. New Bitumen: In order to increase the bitumen content to meet the recycled mix design requirements and also to blend with the aged bitumen in the reclaimed portion of the mixture to yield a bitumen content meeting the design specifications, new low-viscosity bitumen shall be added. The new bitumen used for this purpose are penetration grades 80/100, 120/150 or 200/300 i.e viscosity grades AC-10, AC-5, AC-2.5 (AR-4000, AR-2000, AR-1000), as approved by the Engineer. 517.2.6. Recycling agents: These are organic materials with chemical and physical characteristics selected to restore aged asphalt to desired specification of viscosity of combined aged asphalt and recycling agent. 517.2.7. Untreated aggregates: If necessary, fresh untreated aggregates shall be added to the reclaimed bitumen pavement to produce a mix with the desired gradation. Reclaimed aggregates materials, if any, or any aggregates normally used for the desired bituminous mix or both may be used for this purpose. 517.2.8. Combined aggregates: The blend of reclaimed and new aggregates shall meet specified gradation criteria as approved by the Engineer. The blend of aggregates shall be checked for quality requirements, including resistance to stripping as per Table 500-3. 517.3. Mix Design The gradation requirement and bitumen content in the final mix shall conform to Clause 504, 507 or 512, depending upon whether the final desired bituminous material is bituminous macadam, dense bituminous macadam or bituminous concrete respectively. The mix design shall be done as per the Marshall method, the requirements conforming to the values as set out in the above Clauses.
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 517.4. Reclaiming Old Pavement Materials
Section
The removal of pavement materials to the required depth shall be accomplished either at ambient temperature (cold process) or at an elevated temperature (hot process), as approved by the Engineer. 517.4.1. Cold process of removal: In the cold process, the ripping and crushing operations shall be carried out using scarifiers, grid rollers, or rippers or by any other means as directed by the Engineer. The removed materials shall be loaded and hauled for crushing to the size as directed by the Engineer. Alternatively, cold milling or planing machines can be used to reclaim asphalt pavement to controlled depths. After the asphalt treated layers are removed, any remaining aggregate materials that are to be incorporated in the recycled hot mix shall be scarified and removed. When the pavement material removal is completed, any drainage deficiencies shall be corrected. After that, the base/sub-base as the case may be shall be cut, graded and compacted to proper grade, cross-section and profile. 517.4.2. Hot process of removal: In this process, the road surface shall be heated, usually by LPG or any other suitable means as approved by the Engineer, before scarification. A travelling plant shall be used and a milling drum that follows the planer, removes the heated soft bituminous layer. The depth, width and speed of travel shall be adjusted to suit specific requirements as directed by the Engineer. 517.4.3. Stockpiling: In the cold process, the reclaimed asphalt pavement material shall be stockpiled with the height of stockpiles not exceeding 3 m. The reclaimed untreated aggregates base/sub-base material shall be stockpiled in the same manner as new aggregates. The number and location of stockpiles shall be carefully planned for efficient operation of the hot-mix plant. 517.5. Mixing and Laying 517.5.1. Preparation of mix: The mixing of recycled aggregates, new aggregates and bitumen shall be done in a hot mix plant of suitable capacity which shall be either batch type or drum-mix type, capable of meeting the overall Specification requirements under stringent quality control. The Plant shall have the features as given in Clause 504.3.4. The temperature of binder at the time of mixing shall be 150-163 0 C and that of aggregate in the range of 155-1630 C. Provided also that at no time shall the difference in temperature between the aggregates and binder exceed 14 0 C. The temperature of both the aggregates and the bitumen at the time of mixing shall be in accordance with the job mix formula and strictly controlled. All overheated and carbonized mixture, shall be rejected.
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Section
Mixing shall be thoroughly to ensure that a homogeneous mixture is obtained in which all particles of the mineral aggregates are coated uniformly. Any tipper causing excessive segregation of materials by its spring suspension or other contributing factors or that showing undue delays shall be removed from the work until such conditions are corrected 517.5.2. Spreading: The mix transported from the hot mix plant to the site shall be spread by means of a self-propelled mechanical paver with suitable screeds capable of spreading, tamping and finishing the mix to specified grade, lines and cross-section. Paver Finisher shall have the essential features as spelt out in Clause 504.3.5. However, in restricted locations and in narrow width where the available equipment cannot be operated in the opinion of the Engineer, he may permit manual laying of the mix. Mixes with a temperature of less than 1200 C shall not be put into paver spreader. Longitudinal joints and edges shall be constructed true to the centre line of the road. Longitudinal and transverse joints shall be offset by at least 250 mm from those in the lower courses and the joints on the top most layer shall not be allowed to fall within the wheel path. All transverse joints shall be cut vertically to the full thickness of the previously laid mix with pneumatic cutter and the surface painted with hot bitumen before placing fresh material. Longitudinal joints shall be preferably hot joints. Cold longitudinal joints shall be properly heated with joint heater to attain a suitable temperature of about 80 0 C before laying of any adjacent material. 517.5.3. Compaction: Clause 507.4.6 shall apply. 517.5.4. Opening to traffic: Traffic may be allowed after completion of the final rolling when the mix has cooled down to the surrounding temperature. 517.6. Surface Finish and Quality Control The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of Clause 902. Control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with Section 900. 517.7. Arrangement for Traffic During the period of construction, arrangement for the traffic shall be done to Clause 112 517.8. Measurements for Payment
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Section
The recycled pavement work shall be measured in cubic metres or tonnes of finished work as provided by the Contract. 517.9. Rate The contract unit rate for recycled pavement shall be payment in full for carrying out required operations including full compensation for: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Making arrangements for traffic to Clause 112; Providing all material to be incorporated in the work, including all royalties, fees, rents where necessary and all leads and lifts; All labour, tools, equipment, plant and incidentals to complete the work to the Specification; Carrying out the work in part width of the road where directed; and Carrying out tests to control the quality of the work.
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Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous)

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous)

500 Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous)

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

See diagrams on pages 142 and 143 of Specifications.

(iii) (iv) (v)

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Low porosity Medium porosity High porosity

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 503.2. Materials

3.5 to 4.0 3.0 to 3.5

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

B - For Batch Type Plant

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

(e) (f) (g) (h) (i)

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 (iii)

(v) (vi) (vii)

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 505.3. Construction Operations

IS Sieve Designation 63 mm 53 mm 45 mm 26.5 mm 22.4 mm 13.2 mm 11.2 mm 5.6 mm 2.8 mm

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 S. No. Description of Ingredients

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Stone chippings 0.15 cu.m

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

For second coat-6.7 mm size

Material For 10 sq.m. area Cationic Bitumen Emulsion Aggregates

508.2.3.4. First Coat

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 (A) Premix Carpet

509.2.3.1. Aggregates: 509.2.4. Construction operations

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

100 52-88 14-38 0-5

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

TABLE 500-21. REQUIREMENTS OF SEMI-DENSE BITUMINOUS CONCRETE MIX

820 kg (1800 lbs) Minimum

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500 S.No. Description of ingredient

Section Permissible variation by weight of total mix in percentage 8 7 6 5 4 2 0.3 10oC

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500

Base and Surface Courses (Bituminous) 500