Introduction

Consists of Beryllium(Be),

Physical Properties

General Features
Shiny and silvery white colour Ductile and malleable Insoluble in water Relatively high MP and BP than Group 1 elements Combustion of Group 2 elements give characteristic colour

Magnesium(Mg), Calcium(Ca), Strontium(Sr), Barium(Ba), Radium(Ra) Oxidation state of +2 Form ionic compound 2 valence eletrons indicate Group 2 position

Preparations
Beryllium Currently most beryllium is produced by reducing beryllium fluoride with purified magnesium that had been produced by electrolysis, itself. BeF2 + Mg MgF2 + Be Magnesium Magnesium is principally obtained by electrolysis of fused magnesium chloride from brines, wells, and sea water. At the cathode, the Mg2+ ion is reduced by two electrons to magnesium metal: Mg2+ + 2 e Mg At the anode, each pair of Cl ions is oxidized to chlorine gas, releasing two electrons to complete the circuit: 2 Cl Cl2 (g) + 2 e Calcium In the industry, metallic calcium is separated from the melted calcium chloride by electrolysis. Ca2+ + 2 e Ca 2 Cl Cl2 (g) + 2 e Barium Barium is commercially produced through the electrolysis of molten barium chloride (BaCl2): Ba2+ + 2 e Ba 2 Cl Cl2 + 2 e Barium metal is also obtained by the reduction of barium oxide with finely divided aluminium at temperatures between 1100 and 1200 C: 4 BaO + 2 Al BaOAl2O3 + 3 Ba The barium vapor is cooled and condensed to give the solid metal, which can be cast into rods or extruded into wires. Strontium The metal can be prepared by electrolysis of melted strontium chloride mixed with potassium chloride : Sr2+ + 2 e Sr 2 Cl Cl2 (g) + 2 e Radium Extracted from the uranium mineral pitchblende

What is Emerald? Chemical Properties

Composed of Beryllium aluminium silicate (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) Beryllium is found as the mineral beryl Exist in precious green color caused by small amount of chromium Aquamarine- Blue green emerald when iron ions are present

Close-packing of spheres is a dense where small ion filled the spaces between large ions. arrangement of equal spheres of atoms in an infinite, regular arrangement. Many crystals based on closed packing of atoms
Cubic crystal system Hexagonal crystal system

Why CO2 fire extinguisher is not suitable for burning Mg fire ?

It will simply causes it to burn more due to Mg reacts with CO2 to form magnesium oxide and carbon 2 Mg (s) + CO2 2 MgO (s) + C (s)

Biological Significant
Beryllium causes chronic beryllium disease (CDB) and often-fatal lung disease. Radium causes nasophacyngeal radium irradiation (NRI). Barium causes consume orally for purpose of making X-ray of stomach/ intestine. Strontium causes link to bone cancer. Calcium prevents osteoporosis and essential for proper blood clotting. Magnesium aids in treatment of asthma, cardiac arrhythmia, high blood pressure, fibromyalgia and diabetes

FCC- Ca (Calcium), Sr (Strontium) BCC- Ba (Baruim), Ra (Radium) Consists of two types: Face Centered Cubic (FCC) and Body Centered Cubic (BCC) FCC consists of eight atoms at the corner of the cube and one atom at the center of each cube faces BCC consists of only nine atoms, where eight atoms were found at cube corner and one located at the entire cube center Structural cell in BCC is smaller than FCC Example:

HCP-Be (Beryllium), Mg (Magnesium) Known as Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

Therefore, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers cannot be used for extinguishing magnesium fires. To quench Mg fire: Cover sand or Class D dry chemical fire extinguisher to quench magnesium fires.

Unit cells consists of three layer atoms

Top and bottom layer consists of six atoms at the corner of hexagon and one atom located at center of each hexagon The middle layer between upper and lower layer of atoms nestled 3 atoms Example:

Reference
http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/visu alelements/pages/data/intro_group ii_data.html http://www.chemtopics.com/elem ents/alkaline/alkaline.htm http://www.britannica.com/EBche cked/topic/15638/alkaline-earthmeta

Calcium silicone CaSi

Beryllium aluminium cyclosilicate Be3Al2(SiO3)6

Benjamin Levins Bryan Lee Leong Yau Bok Zhui Mun Cassandra Chee Ke Jun Bong Sin Yee Chan Kar Hui Cheah Seng Wai

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