Rectangular cavity: a metal enclosed box of volume Vcav = abd

y d

TE102 - mode

b a z Electromagnetic fields can exist in a variety of different configurations called modes. If the electric field E1 is perpendicular to the zdirection, these modes are denominated TEmodes. TEmnp: m,n,p are the number of half-cycles along the x,y,z, direction respectively. x Magnetic field B1 lines

Electric field E1 lines

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GKMR WS2005/06 Denninger rectangular cavity

Magnetic field lines B1, TE102 mode

kx = m a

ky = n b

kz =

p d

For the empty cavity, the resonance frequency for a general TEmnp mode is:

f0 =
TEmnp

ck c = kx2 + ky2 + kz2 2 2

f0 = c 2 1 4 1 + a2 d 2 2

c m2 n2 p2 f0 = + + 2 a2 b2 d 2

TE102

Typical resonance frequencies of the Bruker-rectangular cavities are 9.4 GHz. This can be achieved by: a = 24 mm d = 42.7 mm Calculation by: rechteckresonator.mws

a = 24 mm

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GKMR WS2005/06 Denninger rectangular cavity

Modepicture: Reflected microwave-power versus frequency

In the tune-mode of ESR-spectrometers, the microwave frequency is swept over a range of appr. 100 MHz around the nominal centre frequency. The reflected power is depicted versus the frequency on an oscilloscope display.

50 MHz

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GKMR WS2005/06 Denninger rectangular cavity

0.8 0.6

Rechteck-Resonator rectangular cavity

Reflected Power (rel.units)

0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 data: 10.02.2003 -0.8 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25
rechteck_resonator.opj

width: = 2.1883 MHz

Datafile: 'resonator.dat' Formel1= lor(x,p0,p1,p2)+p3+p4*x P0= -8.47285 R0= -8 P1= 2.1883 R1= 3 P2= -0.826127 R2= 1 P3= 0.660709 R3= 2 P4= -0.00303764 R4= 0.1 Fehlerquadratsumme= 0.00588067

Q = 9400 MHz/2.1883 MHz = 4296

Frequency Offset (MHz)

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GKMR WS2005/06 Denninger rectangular cavity

The quality factor Qcc is the critically coupled cavity. By the definition of critical coupling: Qcc = 1/2Qu

Qu is the quality factor of the uncoupled cavity

The quality factor Qu can be calculated, if the dimensions a,b,d and the resisitvity of the metal is known.

a = 24 mm, d = 42.5 mm, b = 10 mm = 1.510-8 m (Cu at T = 295K)

Qu = 9663

The measured value of Qcc = 4296 compares to an expected value of Qu/2 = 4831

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GKMR WS2005/06 Denninger rectangular cavity

ESR-Signal: Sodium-Electro-Sodalite (SES), T = 295 K

25 dB

1000

ESR-SIGNAL (1 der.)

30 dB

500
35 dB 40 dB

st

45 dB

-500

-1000

3372

3373

3374

3375

3376

3377

3378
ses_power_02.opj

MAGNETIC FIELD (Gau)

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ESR-Signal: Sodium-Electro-Sodalite (SES), T = 295 K

1500
5 db 0 db

1000

ESR-SIGNAL (1 der.)

10 db

15 db

st

500
20 db

-500

-1000

-1500 3370

3372

3374

3376

3378

3380
ses_power_01.opj

MAGNETIC FIELD (Gau)

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45

Sodium electro sodalite (SES) ESR-signal, T = 295 K

att = 0 dB

40
att = 5 dB

ESR-signal intensity (dB)

35
att = 15 dB

att = 10 dB

30
att = 25 dB

att = 20 dB

25

att = 30 dB

slope: ESR-signal = const power

0.5174

att = 35 dB

20
att = 45 dB

att = 40 dB

15 0 10 20 30 40 50
ses_power_o3.opj

Microwave power (dB)

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GKMR WS2005/06 Denninger rectangular cavity