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Interleaving in GSM

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Language: English

Interleaving in GSM
Nabil Magdy Hassan, sec :(8), B.N:19 Electronics & Electrical Communications Department, Cairo University
1. Interleaving Definition
An interleaving rearranges a group of bits in a particular way. It is used in combination with FEC codes in order to improve the performance of the error correction mechanisms. The interleaving decreases the possibility of losing whole bursts during the transmission, by dispersing the errors. Being the errors less concentrated, it is then easier to correct them.

3. Interleaving for the speech channels

2. Interleaving for the control channels

A burst in GSM transmits two blocks of 57 data bits each. Therefore the 456 bits corresponding to the output of the channel coder fit into four bursts (4*114 = 456). The456 bits are divided into eight blocks of 57 bits. The first block of 57 bits contains the bit numbers (0, 8, 16,.....448), the second one the bit numbers (1, 9, 17,.....449), etc. The last block of 57 bits will then contain the bit numbers (7, 15,.....455). The first four blocks of 57 bits are placed in the evennumbered bits of four bursts. The other four blocks of 57 bits are placed in the odd-numbered bits of the same four bursts. Therefore the interleaving depth of the GSM interleaving for control channels is four and a www.scribd.com/doc/54545641/Interleaving-in-GSM

The block of 456 bits, obtained after the chann coding, is then divided in eight blocks of 57 bits i the same way as it is explained in the previou paragraph. But these eight blocks of 57 bits ar distributed differently. The first four blocks of 57 bit are placed inthe even-numbered bits of fou consecutive bursts. The other four blocks of 57 bit are placed in the odd-numbered bits of the next fou bursts. The interleaving depth theGSM interleaving for speech channels eight. A new data block also starts every four burst

The interleaver for speech channels is called a bloc diagonal interleaver.

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GSM interleaving for control channels is four and a new data block starts every four bursts. The interleaver for control channels is called a block rectangular interleaver.

The control information is not diagonally interleave as are speech and data.This isbecause only a limite amount of control information is sent every mult frame.If thecontrol information was diagonall interleaved, the receiver would not be capabl ofdecoding a control message until at least two mult frames were received.This would betoo long a delay

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. Interleaving for the data TCH channels

A particular interleaving scheme, with an interleaving depth equal to 22, is applied to the block of 456 bits obtained after the channel coding. The block is divided into 16 blocks of 24 bits each, 2 blocks of 18 bits each, 2 blocks of 12 bits each and 2 blocks of 6 bits each. It is spread over 22 bursts in the following way: The first and the twenty-second bursts carry one block of 6 bits each. The second and the twenty-first bursts carry one block of 12 bits each. The third and the twentieth bursts carry one block of 18 bits each. From the fourth to the nineteenth burst, a block Search This Document of 24 bits is placed in each burst. Search A burst will then carry information from five or six
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quality, whereas with speech, if a delay wer

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introduced thiscould detected th subscriber.This is why be speech uses abyshorte interleavingdepth.

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Interleaving in GSM

Search History: consecutive data blocks. The data blocks are said to Searching... be interleaved diagonally . 00 A of new Result 00 data block starts 00 results for result for

every four bursts.

p.

The data bits are spread over a large number of bursts to ensure that the data isprotected. Therefore, if a burst is lost, only a very small amount of data from one datablock will actually be lost.Due to the error protection mechanisms used, the lost datacan be reproduced at the receiver. This wide interleaving depth, although providing a high resilience to error, does introducea time delay in the transmission of the data.If data transmission is slightly delayed, it will not affect the reception

Interleaving in GSM
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Category: Rating: Upload Date: 05/03/2011 Copyright: Attribution Non-commercial Tags: This document has no tags. Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Word Doc (.doc / .docx), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Flag document for inapproriate content Research > Math & Engineering

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