CHEM 8152 Extra practice problems 1. Contrast spontaneous and stimulated emission. 2.

Describe the advantage of a four-level laser system over a three-level type. 3. An interference filter is to be constructed for isolation of the CS2 absorption band at 4.54 m. (a) If it is to be based upon first-order interference, what should be the thickness of the dielectric layer ( = 1.34)? (b) What other wavelengths would be transmitted? 4. Why is glass better than fused silica as a prism construction material for a monochromator to be used in the region of 400-800 nm? 5. For a grating, how many lines per millimeter would be required in order for the firstorder diffraction line for = 500 nm to be observed at a reflection angle of 10 degrees when the angle of incidence is 60 degrees? 6. Consider an infrared grating with 72.0 lines per millimeter and 10.0 mm of illumination area. Calculate the first-order resolution () of this grating. How far apart (in cm-1) must two lines centered at 1000 cm-1 be if they are to be resolved? 7. For the grating described above, calculate the wavelengths on the first- and secondorder diffraction spectra at reflective angles of (a) 20 degrees and (b) 0 degrees. Assume the incident angle is 50 degrees. 8. Describe the sources and detectors that would be well suited for each of the following purposes: (a) the investigation of the fine structure of absorption bands in the region of 450-750 nm (b) obtaining absorption spectra in the far infrared (20-50 m) (c) a portable device for determining the iron content of natural water based upon the absorption of radiation by the red Fe(SCN)2+ complex (d) routine determination of nitrobenzene in air samples based upon its absorption at 11.8 m (e) spectroscopic studies in the vacuum ultraviolet 9. What is the speed of a lens with a diameter of 4.2 cm and a focal length of 8.2 cm? 10. Compare the light gathering power of the previously described lens with one that has a diameter of 2.6 cm and a focal length of 8.1 cm. 11. Describe the basis for radiation detection with a silicon diode transducer.

12. Consider the common mirage associated with an inhomogeneous distribution of air situated above a warm roadway. Envision the bending of the rays as if it were instead a problem in total internal reflection. If an observer, at whose head = 1.00029, sees an apparent wet spot at 88.7o down the road, find the index of the air immediately above the road. 13. A biconcave lens ( = 1.5) has radii of 20 cm and 10 cm and an axial thickness of 5 cm. Describe the image of an object 1 inch tall placed 8 cm from the first vertex (using the thin-lens equation). 14. What must the focal length of a thin negative lens be for it to form a virtual image 50 cm away (measured from the lens) of an ant located 100 cm away (measured from the lens)? Given that the ant is to the right of the lens, locate and describe its image. 15. Determine the focal length of a planar-concave lens (= 1.5) having a radius of curvature of 10 cm. 16. A thin double-convex glass lens (with = 1.56) while surrounded by air has a 10 cm focal length. If it is placed under water (with = 1.33) 100 cm beyond a small fish, where will the guppys image be formed? 17. Locate the image of a paperclip 100 cm away from a convex spherical mirror having a radius of curvature of 80 cm. 18. Determine the numerical aperture of a single clad optical fiber given that the core has an index of 1.62 and the clad 1.52. When immersed in air, what is its maximum acceptance angle? What would happen to a ray incident at 45o? 19. Describe the image that would result for an object 3 inches tall placed 20 cm from a spherical concave shaving mirror having a radius of curvature of -60 cm.