Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
Page
Course overview Core language (reminder from KS3) TV Types of film Visit to the cinema
Reviewing a film Biography of a famous person Story writing and narrative
1 2-4 5 6 7
8-9 10 11
29 30-31 31 32
33-35 36 37
38 39
Irregular FUTURE TENSE The CONDITIONAL TENSE The PERFECT TENSE The PLUPERFECT TENSE The SUBJUNCTIVE
AR regular verbs list ER/IR regular verbs list Irregular verbs YO form present Radical-changing verbs list Direct Object Pronouns
40 41 42 43 43-44
45-46 47 48 49 50
Common Errors (to avoid!) Numbers Dates, months and time Expressions of frequency & linking words Time expressions Intensifiers, comparatives, adverbs, positions High-frequency words and expressions
Prepositions Colours - Adjectives Comparatives and superlatives Personal Identification
51-53 54 55 56 57 58 59
60 61-63 64 65
Describing people Family At home Miscellaneous Parts of the body, illness and health problems Food and drink
The GCSE Spanish course covers the following topics: Speaking and Writing Topics Media and Culture - Music/Film/Reading, Fashion/Celebrities/Religion, Blogs/Internet Sports and Leisure - Hobbies/interests, Sporting Events, Lifestyle Choices Travel and Tourism - Holidays, Accommodation, Eating (food and drink) Business, Work and Employment - Work Experience/Part-time Jobs, Product or service Information Listening and Reading Topics Out and About - Visitor Information, Basic Weather, Local Amenities, Accommodation, Public Transport, Directions Customer Services and Transactions - Cafes and Restaurants, Shops, Dealing with Problems Personal Information - General Interest, Leisure Activities, Family and Friends, Lifestyle (healthy eating and exercise) Future Plans, Education and Work - Basic Language of the Internet, Simple Job Advertisements, Simple Job Applications and CV, School and College, Work and Work Experience
This booklet contains the topics Media and Culture, Sports and Leisure and Personal Information, General 1 Vocabulary and essential grammar.
tener to have
tengo I have
ser to be
soy eres es somos I am you are
estar to be
estoy ests
est
yo I t you l/ella he/she Usted you (polite, sing.) nosotros we vosotros you (fam.pl.) ellos/ellas they Ustedes you (polite, pl.)
I am you are
he/she is/you are
(pol.sing)
tienes
tiene tenemos tenis
estamos estis
estn
sois
son
Time words ahora now antes before despus after hoy today ayer yesterday maana tomorrow otra vez - again siempre always a menudo often a veces sometimes nunca never la semana pasada last week la semana que viene next week
tienen
they/you have
(pol.pl.)
Referring to things una cosa a thing esto this eso that algo (ms) something (else) otro (an)other mucho a lot (un) poco (a) little muy very todo all/everything
Asking questions Por qu? why? Qu? what? Cundo? when? Dnde? where? Quin? who? Cunto(s)? how much/many? Cmo? how?
puedo/puede quiero/quiere
y and o or tambin also pero but Opinions porque because con with Pienso que I think that sin - without Creo que I believe that Me parece que it seems Sentence building that.. I can/he,she can I want to/he,she wants to
I have to/he has to + verb Im going to/he is going to I (dont) like to/he doesnt like to
Presente soy/ es
estoy/ est
I am/ s/he/it is
I am/ s/he/it is
hay
tengo/ tiene
haba
tena
Comparing
Asking questions Por qu? why? Qu? what? Cundo? when? Dnde? where? Quin? who? Cunto(s)? how much/many? Cmo? how?
Making links tambin also no..tampoco neither sin - without Sentence building
(no) puedo / puede
ms...que more than menos..que less than tan + adj + como as.as tanto(a,os,as) + noun + como as many..as
hablamos hablasteis
hablaraon
visit compr
me aloj nad
pas
lo pas bien
I spent
I had a good time
voy a/va a
iba a (no) me (le) gusta
+ verb
viaj
jugu
I travelled
I played
me (le) encanta
me (le) gustara
Sentence building
(no) puedo / puede (no) quiero / quiere I can(not) / s/he can (not)... I (dont) want to / s/he (doesnt) want(s)to
my your
mi tu
his/her your
our your
su su
vuestro nuestro
(no) quera
their your
su su
me te lo (le)*
la lo/la(le) * nos os los
estaba a punto de
acabo/acaba de
acab/acab de
antes de/despus de
las los/las
no s nada de eso
I dont know anything about that never (not..ever) I never to go the cinema No-one (not anyone)
I dont know anyone
nonunca
no voy nunca al cine
nosotros - we
vosotros you pl., f am
emos
is
ellos/ellas - they
ustedes you pl., polite
n
n
nonadie
no conozco a nadie
a comedy a documentary
Describing a programme
Types of film & adjectives una pelcula una pelcula romntica una pelcula cmica una pelcula histrica una pelcula policaca una pelcula de ciencia-ficcin una pelcula de accin una pelcula de aventura una pelcula de terror/ de miedo
una pelcula de dibujos animados una pelcula de guerra una pelcula del oeste emocionante
a film a romantic film a comedy an historical film a thriller a science fiction film an action film an adventure film a horror film
a cartoon a war film a western exciting
aburrido divertido inteligente gracioso/cmico infantil interesante tonto informativo serio triste
boring fun intelligent funny childish interesting stupid informative serious sad
la entrada la pantalla el precio la sesin la categora apta para todos los pblicos para mayores de 7 aos para mayores de 13 aos para mayores de 18 aos
Diga?/Dgame? Quieres salir conmigo?
contigo dos entradas, por favor Para qu pelcula? Para qu sesin? Aqu tiene Cunto es? En qu sala es? A qu hora empieza?
with you two tickets please for which film? for which session? here you are How much is it? Which room/cinema is it? What time does it start?
la msica transcurre (transcurrir) termina con (terminar) interpreta a (interpretar) se desarrolla (desarollarse) cuenta/narra la historia de (contar/narrar) tiene lugar en (tener lugar)
se muere (morirse) sufre (sufrir) empieza con (empezar)
the music it takes place/occurs (to happen) it ends with (to finish/end) he/she plays the part of (to play the role of) it develops (to develop) it tells the story of..(to tell) it takes place in..(to take place)
he/she/it dies (to die) he/she/it suffers (to suffer) it starts with (to start/begin)
he/she/it is looking for (to search/look for) he/she/it finds (to find) he/she/it discovers (to discover) he/she kills (to kill)
peace
death truth
la amistad la respuesta
la vida
friendship answer
life
oscuro arriesgado
celoso/envidioso hermoso
dark risky
jealous/envious beautiful
he/she started to (to start) he/she made his debut performance in (to make ones first appearance) he/she had the opportunity to (to have) he/she played (to play)
he/she scored (to score)
tuvo el papel principal en (tener) fue la estrella en (ser) Verbs in the imperfect
tena poco dinero (tener) cuando tena 18 aos
he/she had the starring role in..(to have) he/she was the star in (to be)
he/she had little money (to have) when he/she was 18
10
Sentence beginnings A los.aos Cuando tena .aos Al terminar el colegio.. De nio/nia Desde 1990 hasta 2000 Fue el ao en el que Fue la poca en la que
To present 2 contrasting ideas pero aunque sin embargo but although however
At the age of .. When he/she was years old On finishing school. As a boy/girl From 1990 until 2000 It was the year in which It was the time in which
To express simultaneous action mientras To express consequence as que por eso To express cause como porque Time expressions
en cuanto as soon as
al cabo de
antes/despus
after
before/after
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la paga
Mis padres me dan
quince libras a la semana cuarenta libras al mes
my parents give me
15 a week 40 a month
holidays
12
13
El tiempo libre 2
el quiosco
la novela
Free time
kiosk
novel
pop, rock, rap folk, classical la msica pop, rock, rap tradicional, folclrica. clsica music song la cancin performance la actuacin/representacin concert el concierto composer el compositor disco/nightclub la discoteca singer el/la cantante pop star la estrella de msica pop orchestra, group/band la orquesta, el grupo tune la meloda CD, cassette el CD, el casete headphones los auriculares stereo el equipo estereofnico
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El tiempo libre 3
Free time
to babysit to bowl
to collect to come
to cook to go to go out
to go shopping
rodar una pelcula andar, caminar,ir de paseo, pasear ver la televisin disfrutar de enfrentarse con ir a mirar escaparates preferir descansar , relajarse
to shoot (a film ) to walk, to take a walk, to stroll to watch tv to enjoy to get to grips with to window shop to prefer to rest, relax
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el ajedrez la coleccin
el entretenimiento, la diversin
chess collection
entertainment
party
game
el inters el ocio el pasatiempo la excursin el parque el pub, el bar el monumento el parque temtico,el parque de atracciones el club juvenil
elzoo,el parque zoolgico
interest leisure pastime trip park pub, bar monument theme park youth club
zoo
el placer
la sorpresa
pleasure surprise
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Tecnologa
el blog los canales de charla el ordenador,el computador el correo electrnico el Internet la pgina de internet el telfono mvil on-line, en lnea, conectado/a el mensaje de texto chatear, charlar
Technology
blog chatrooms computer e-mail internet internet page mobile (phone)
online
text message to chat (online, on MSN etc)
descargar navegar por Internet comunicar por texto la pgina web el web site el enlace, la comunicacin el sondeo, la encuesta la barra oblicua la tecla el teclado el ratn la contrasea (de acceso) la impresora
to download to surf online to text webpage website connection opinion poll/survey forward slash key (of keyboard) keyboard mouse password printer
17
Tecnologa (2)
la pantalla borrar , suprimir imprimir archivar subir, poner el virus subrayar el videojuego la informtica la consola de juegos el programador, la programadora
Technology
screen to erase, delete to print to save, to store to upload virus underscore computer game computing, ICT games console programmer
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los Juegos Olmpicos el atletismo el bdminton el baloncesto el balonmano el boxeo el ciclismo el hockey el judo el tenis de mesa el tiro el tiro con arco el triatln el voleibol el pentatln moderno el piragismo el remo el taekwondo el tenis el ftbol la esgrima la gimnasia la halterofilia la hpica la lucha la natacin la vela
The Olympic games athletics badminton basketball handball boxing cycling hockey judo table tennis shooting archery triathlon volleyball pentathlon canoeing rowing taekwondo tennis football fencing gymnastics weightlifting equestrian events wrestling swimming sailing
19
Los deportes
sports
bailar to dance hacer aerbica to do aerobics practicar / hacer deporte to do sport hacer ejercicio to exercise pescar to fish hacer footing to jog jugar to play (a game) montar a caballo to ride (horse) ir en patines de ruedas to roller-skate remar to row correr to run practicar la vela to sail disparar to shoot tirar to shoot (at goal) nadar to swim lanzar en paracadas to do parachuting tirarse (al agua) to dive bucear , practicar el buceo /el to scubadive submarinismo montar en monopatn to skateboard dance el baile el esqu (acutico) el patinaje sobre hielo
la escalada (en rocas) skiing (water)
el alpinismo la carrera
race, racing
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Los deportes
el club la pelota el polideportivo el miembro,el socio, la socia el equipo el gol, la meta el partido el/la participante el jugador,la jugadora el ambiente la final la liga el espectador el estadio marcar un gol participar en el torneo el gamberro,la gamberra el rbitro/rbitra
sports club ball leisure centre member team goal (football) match participant player atmosphere final league, division spectator stadium to score a goal to take part in tournament hooligan, lout referee championship fanatical about sports equipment sports ground bull fight bull ring
el campeonato fantico de los artculos de deporte el campo de deporte la corrida de toros la plaza de toros
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La vida sana adicto/a anorxico/a bajo/a en grasas / desnatado/a bien hecho borracho/a casero/a daoso/a delgado dependiente enfermo/a estresado/a estresante friendly ecolgico/a gordo/a grasiento/a hambriento inconsciente lleno/a no alcohlico/a orgnico/a
22
La vida sana 2 poco sano/a que daa el medio ambiente relajante saludable sano/a, en forma vegetariano/a en mala forma el accidente el alcohol el alcohlico,la alcohlica el apetito el centro de asesoramiento para drogadictos el cigarillo el corazn el cuerpo el estreimiento el fumador,la fumadora el jrabe (para la tos) el medio ambiente el movimiento, el ejercicio el no fumador, la no fumadora
Healthy lifestyles unhealthy environmentally unfriendly relaxing healthy fit vegetarian unfit accident alcohol alcoholic appetite drug advice centre cigarette heart body constipation smoker (cough) syrup environment movement, exercise non-smoker
23
La vida sana 3 el olor el reciclaje el sabor el tabaco el vicio/la mala costumbre la actividad la adiccin,la dependencia la comida basura la comida rpida la costumbre la dieta la droga la fecha de caducidad la fibra diettica la gimnasia la grasa la hambre la indigestin la medicina la obesidad la pobreza la receta la rehabilitacin
Healthy lifestyles smell recycling taste tobacco bad habit activity addiction junk food fast food habit diet drug best-before date dietary fibre gymnastics fat, grease hunger indigestion medicine obesity poverty recipe rehab
24
La vida sana 4 la salud la sobredosis la tos de fumador/a la tranquilidad las dificultades de respiracin las drogas las vitaminas los alimentos orgnicos ahorrar asar asar a la parrilla aspirar beber comer correr dejar de desayunar engordar estar a rgimen estar en forma formar el compost frer fumar
Healthy lifestyles health overdose smokers cough calm, peace breathing difficulties drugs vitamins organic food to save to roast to grill, barbecue to breathe in to drink to eat to run to give up to have/eat breakfast to put on weight to be on a diet to be in shape to compost rubbish to fry to smoke
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La vida sana 5 hacer ejercicio hacer gimnasia intentar mantenerse en forma mover parar perder peso , adelgazar proteger reciclar reciclar relajarse resistir la tentacin sazonar
separar, ordenar
Healthy lifestyles to exercise to do gymnastics to try to keep fit to move to stop to lose weight to protect to recycle to recycle to relax to resist temptation to season to separate/sort the rubbish to be allergic to to succumb to tempation to be hungry to contribute to take (medicine) to be sick, vomit
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How to say a, some and the: definite and indefinite articles un una unos unas
el
a (masculine object) a (feminine object) some (more than one masculine object) some (more than one feminine object)
the (masc object)
la los las
the (fem object) the (more than one masc object) the (more than one fem object)
NB: Sometimes the article is not needed in Spanish: e.g. No tengo hermanos = I havent any brothers or sisters e.g. Mi padre es profesor = My dad is a teacher
El alfabeto espaol
A B C D E
F G H
a b th d
eff j ach
J K L M N
O P
jota ka ell em en
e o p
R
S T
err
ess t
U V
oo oob
NB: ch and ll are no longer separate letters in the Spanish alphabet but you still might see them in older dictionaries.
In Spanish most words are written as they are said see some more tips on the next page!
W oob dobl X
Y
ekees
ye
ee
koo
theta
27
Subject pronouns
yo
Usted
yo t
l
ella
ellas Ustedes
vosotros
nosotros ellos/ellas
28
The endings tell you who is doing the action of the verb. E.g. hablo = I speak, bailan = they dance. In Spanish you usually leave out the subject pronoun (I, you, he, she) because the endings show which person is referred to. Look at the table below to see which endings you need to add to the regular AR, -ER and IR verbs to make the present tense.
NB: Use the t and vosotros forms of you when talking to friends, relations or children. Use the Usted and Ustedes forms when talking to an adult who you would not call by their first name.
Regular present tense verbs (AR) hablar to speak yo (I)
t (you, 1 pers fam)
hablo
hablas
habla habla
hablamos hablis
aprende aprende
aprendemos aprendis
vive vive
vivimos vivs
hablan hablan
aprenden aprenden
viven viven
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The 2 verbs to be
SER to be yo (I)
t (you, 1 pers fam) l/ella (he, she) Usted (you, 1 pers, formal) nosotros (we)
ESTAR to be estoy
ests est est estamos
soy
eres es es somos
vosotros (you, pl, fam) ellos/ellas (they) Ustedes (you, pl, formal)
SER is for describing permanent or unchanging characteristics e.g. nationality, professions, physical appearances, time ESTAR is for locations and temporary conditions e.g. mood, state of health, weather, location and position, states that might change
IR to go
voy
TENER to have
tengo
t (you, 1 pers fam) l/ella (he, she) Usted (you, 1 pers, formal) nosotros (we) vosotros (you, pl, fam) ellos/ellas (they) Ustedes (you, pl, formal)
30
quiero quieres
quiere quiere queremos queris
quieren quieren
pueden pueden
dicen dicen
Ojo!
At the back of this guide you have a dictionary of verbs..
Questions Where?
Who?
Cundo? Qu?
Cmo?
When? What?
How?
31
GUSTAR to like
me (to me) te (to you) le (to him/her) le (to you formal,1 pers) nos (to us)
os (to you fam.pl) les (to them) les (to you formal, pl)
ENCANTAR to love
INTERESAR to interest
gusta(n)
encanta(n)
interesa(n)
There are other verbs that work in this way too. The most important ones are:
32
2. Use gustar (or other similar verbs) followed by an infinitive to express the meaning to like doing something ejemplo: Me gusta mucho montar a caballo I like horse-riding a lot.
3. Use se puede followed by an infinitive to express the meaning you/one can do something ejemplo: En Cambridge se puede hacer punting
suelo sueles
suele suele
solemos
solis suelen suelen
beber agua mineral tomar el desayuno a las siete comer muchas legumbres cenar a las ocho comer muchos pasteles
33
5. Use any of the verbs below followed by an infinitive to give advice to someone.
hay que..
se debe
you (one) must
you (one) should..
se tiene que
se recomienda
ir a Espaa tomar el desayuno a las siete visitar Barcelona cenar a las ocho ver una pelcula
7. Use tener que followed by an infinitive to express the meaning to have to do something ejemplo: Tengo que lavar los platos todos los das I have to wash the dishes every day
34
8. Use hay que followed by an infinitive to express the meaning to have to do something in a more impersonal way, about people in general
9. Use necesitar followed by an infinitive to express the meaning to need to do something ejemplo: Necesito llamar a mi madre I need to phone my mum 10. Use hace falta followed by an infinitive to express the meaning to need to do something and gustara followed by an infinitive to express the meaning would like to do something
Me
Te Le Nos
Os
Les
estudiar ms
35
{
(ER) comer to eat (IR) vivir to live
yo (I)
t (you, 1 pers fam) l/ella (he, she)
compr
compraste compr
com
comiste comi
viv
viviste vivi
Usted (you, 1 pers, formal) nosotros (we) vosotros (you, pl, fam)
ellos/ellas (they) Ustedes (you, pl, formal) NB: empezar changes spelling in yo form empec jugar too becomes jugu in yo form
also: alojarse (to stay) ayudar (to help) bailar (to dance) baarse (to bathe) cantar (to sing) cenar (to have dinner) empezar* (to begin) jugar* (to play) pasar (to spend time) pensar (to think) tomar (to take) visitar (to visit)
also: also: beber (to drink) salir (to go out) volver (to return) deber (to have to)
36
fui
fuiste
Here are some other important irregular verbs the yo form is given and the endings are usually predictable. E.g. decir dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron. dar poder querer
traer
(to give)
(to be able, can) (to want, wish) (to bring)
di pude quise
traje
dije puse vi
supe
(to put)
(to see, watch) (to know)
venir
(to come)
vine
producir
(to produce)
produje
37
{
viva vivas
compraban
coman
vivan
Most verbs are regular (SER and IR are not). Here are the most common verbs to use in the imperfect tense.
SER to be (irregular) IR to go (Irregular) HACER to do/make (reg) ESTAR to be (reg) HABER there is/are
yo (I) t (you, 1 pers fam) l/ella (he, she) Usted (you, 1 pers, formal) nosotros (we) vosotros (you, pl, fam) ellos/ellas (they) Ustedes (you, pl, formal)
38
Yo (I) T (you 1 person, fam) l/ ella he/she Usted you 1 person ploite Nosotros - we Vosotros you pl., fam ellos/ellas - they
Ustedes you pl., polite
s emos is n
n
Infinitive +
Examples
Despus de mis exmenes, ir a Espaa After my exams, I will go to Spain
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Verb
Meaning
I Form in future
salir tener poder decir hacer haber Examples Lo har ms tarde I will do it later
Tendremos un exmen la semana que viene We will have a test next week Habr un cine nuevo en nuestro pueblo el ao que viene There will be a new cinema in our town next year
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Conditional Tense
The conditional is used to describe things we would do. This is another good tense as there is only one set of endings for all 3 types of verbs. You need to remember, just as with the future tense, that endings are added on to the infinitive, which is unusual when forming tenses in Spanish.
Regular Conditional Tense Verbs
Yo (I)
T (you 1 person, fam)
a
as a a amos ais an
Infinitive +
l/ ella he/she Usted you 1 person ploite Nosotros - we Vosotros you pl., fam ellos/ellas - they Ustedes you pl., polite
an
Cantara pero no puedo. Formas irregulares (just like for the FUTURE tense) Podra I would be able to Tendra I would have Saldra I would go out Hara I would do Habra there would be Pondra I would put
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Perfect Tense
The perfect tense is used as in English to mean I have done. It has two parts as in English: the present tense form of the verb haber (another verb meaning to have) and the past participle.
The past participle of regular verbs is made by Taking off the infinitive ending (ar/er/ir) and adding -ado (ar verbs) or ido (er and ir verbs) e.g. -ar verbs -er verbs
-ir verbs
dejado
jugado esquiado
comido
perdido tenido
vivido
salido venido
There are a few (not very many really!) irregular past participles to learn! (to open) abrir abierto
(to cover) cubrir cubierto
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past participle
e.g. comprado bebido venido
E.g. 1 Cuando haba terminado mis deberes, vi la televisin 2 Tuve que hablar con mi profesor porque haba olvidado mi libro
The Subjunctive
Es importante que Its important that Es una mala idea que its a bad idea that
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What do the phrases on the previous page have in common? They express: uncertainty, feelings, judgements
wishes, hopes, preferences, permitting. attitudes They all end in que and they all need to be followed by the subjunctive.
The subjunctive is easy to form: You take the present tense YO form of the verb and add these endings:
AR verbs -e -es -e -emos -is -en ER/IR verbs -a -as -a -amos -is -an
For example: I want you to finish Quiero que termines. Espero que me escribas. I hope that you write to me
cuando,
when referring to the future!!
For example: When I arrive tomorrow = Cuando llegue maana When I am older = Cuando sea mayor
hacer haga; hagas; haga; hagamos; hagis; hagan ser sea; seas; sea; seamos; seis; sean ir vaya; vayas; vaya; vayamos; vayis; vayan tener tenga; tengas; tenga; tengamos; tengis; tengan haber haya; hayas; haya; hayamos; hayis; hayan
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AR verbs - regular
acabar aceptar acompaar aconsejar adorar alojarse alquilar andar anular aparcar arreglar aterrizar ayudar cambiar cargar charlar circular (en coche) cliquear comprar contactar cuidar dejar desear detestar durar echar de menos empujar to finish, end to accept to accompany to advise to love to stay to rent/to hire to walk to cancel to park to repair, tidy to land to help to change to load, to charge to chat to go along (in a car) to click to buy to contact to look after to leave,lend to want, wish for to hate to last
to miss to push
to love to get angry to show/teach to enter to send to escape to listen to wait for to hope to study to go wrong/to fallar fail, to miss faltar to miss, be lacking firmar to sign ganar to win, earn gastar to spend golpear to hit hablar to speak iluminar to light informar to inform intentar to try interesarse en to be interested in investigar to research invitar to invite juntarse on to meet lIamar to call lIamar (a la to knock (at the puerta) door) lIamar (el to ring (the bell) timbre) 45
encantar enfadarse ensear entrar enviar escapar(se) escuchar esperar esperar estudiar
lIamarse lIegar lIorar mandar mecanografiar mejorar navegar en Internet notar odiar olvidar organizar parar(se) pasar pasear (el perro) pasearse pegar perdonar preguntar presentar prestar reembolsar reemplazar rellenar reparar reservar revisar robar
to be called to arrive to cry to give orders to type to improve to surf the internet to note to hate to forget to organise to stop to pass by/to go to walk (the dog) to go for a walk to stick to forgive to place, ask (a question) to present to lend to refund to replace to fill to repair to reserve to revise to steal
saltar salvar situarse solicitar telefonear terminar(se) tirar tocar tomar trabajar triunfar usar utilizar verificar visitar
to jump to save to be situated to apply for to phone to end, finish to throw, pull to touch to take (have food and drink) to work to succeed to use to use to check to visit
Ojo!
You can go to www.verbix.com to check your verb endings in the tense you need.
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ER verbs - regular
aprender beber comer creer deber leer responder vender ver to learn to drink to eat to think, believe to have to to read to answer to sell to see
IR verbs - regular
abrir aadir arrepentirse decidir describir discutir discutir escribir partir permitir recibir subir vivir to open to add to regret, be sorry to decide to describe to discuss to argue to write to leave to allow to receive to climb to live
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AR verbs
yo (acojo) yo (agradezco) yo (caigo) yo (cojo) yo (complazco) yo (conozco) yo (hago) yo (merezco) yo (ofrezco) yo (parezco) yo (me parezco a) yo (pongo) yo (repongo) yo (s)
ER verbs
acoger agradecer caer coger complacer to be host to to thank to fall to take, catch to please to know (meet (get to conocer know) hacer una pregunta to ask a question merecer to deserve ofrecer to offer parecer to seem parecerse a to look like, to resemble poner to put reponer to put back saber to know (a fact)
IR verbs
conducir decir dirigir dirigirse a introducir producir to drive to say to manage to apply to to introduce to produce yo (conduzco) yo (digo) yo (dirijo) yo (me dirijo a) yo (introduzco) yo (produzco)
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Radical-changing verbs
Other verbs change their vowel in the root or stem of the verb, except in the nosotros and vosotros parts of the verb. These verbs can also be called boot verbs - you can see why below! pienso piensas piensa
pensamos
pensis piensan
eie
preferir to prefer prefiero
prefieres prefiere prefiere preferimos
oue
dormir to sleep duermo
duermes duerme duerme dormimos
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? .
wasnt cheap.
Can you play with the football ? Yes, and my brother plays with
the football too.
Instead of so much repetition of football, in English we would say it. You could also do the same for people instead of things, and for several things instead of just one thing.
In English we put the pronoun where the noun was that it replaces. In Spanish you put the pronoun in front of the verb. E.g. Compro mucha ropa. La adoro! (I buy lots of clothing. I love it!
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in the morning por la maana in the afternoon / evening por la tarde at 5 oclock in the morning a las 5 de la maana at 8 oclock in the evening a las 8 de la tarde 3. Next week / the following week Next Saturday Im going to go to el prximo sbado the cinema (future + present = voy a ir al cine prximo) The following / next Saturday I el sbado siguiente went to the cinema (past = fui al cine siguiente)
4. In Spanish the adjective comes after the noun. the brown dog el perro marrn
5. In Spanish the adjective changes its ending to match the noun it describes. the small dog el perro pequeo the small house
the small dogs
la casa pequea
los perros pequeos
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6. Saying your age use TENER not SER I am 15 years old My mum is 40 years old Tengo 15 aos Mi madre tiene 40 aos
7. You have to know the genders of nouns. Lots can be correctly guessed. i.e. words ending in o are usually masculine, words ending in a are usually feminine. BUT these are the key exceptions to watch out for: el da day el problema problem el programa programme el sistema system el poema poem el idioma language el tema subject/topic el clima climate el mapa map el planeta planet el sof sofa
And dont forget these two unusual feminine nouns: la radio radio la mano hand
8. GUSTAR means to please not to like so to use it to express liking you have to say something pleases me or something pleases her/him or, for plural things, they please me
I like chocolate me gusta el chocolate
I like horror films She likes chocolate My dad likes horror films
pelculas de terror
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9. Once you get GUSTAR right, there is the temptation to add me to lots of other verbs that dont need it: e.g. me prefiero = I prefer me/myself OR me odio = I hate me/myself. They dont need me in front. REMEMBER: GUSTAR is different,
10. Is or are? Forgetting to make your verb match your subject. I like comedies because they Me gustan las comedias are funny porque son interesantes.
11. I like going to the cinema Me gusta + infinitive. NOT me gusta voy = I like I go
to go
to
Me gusta ir al cine
12. Using un/una with jobs Dont do it! I am a doctor Soy mdico 13. Using your or my with parts of the body or clothing Dont do it! In Spanish just use el or la I twisted my ankle me torc el tobillo I put on my jumper Me pongo el suter 14. Using un otro to mean another Dont do it! Just use otro I want another book Quiero otro libro
15. Two verbs to be. SER and ESTAR SER is generally used with permanent or intrinsic properties. ESTAR is generally used with temporary conditions or transient qualities. This is too simple but try to consider when you say is or are in Spanish whether you want es or est, son or estn.
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40 50 60 70 80 90
1000 - mil
1458 mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y ocho 2000 dos mil 1,000,000 un milln 2,000,000 dos millones primero
segundo
first
second
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diciembre
December
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Linking words before though afterwards, then then first of all or but so nevertheless, however also and
Conectivos antes aunque despus entonces primero (de todo) o pero pues sin embargo tambin y
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Time expressions
now
Expresiones temporales
ahora
night the day after tomorrow at the start soon next a fortnight
fortnight
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Intensifiers
rather/quite almost too very really bastante casi demasiado muy realmente
Comparatives
more (.than) less (than) as (as)
Comparativos
ms (..que) menos (que) tan (como)
Adverbs
quickly unfortunately straight away especially Immediately recently especially still (yet) already perhaps
Adverbios
de prisa desgraciadamente enseguida especialmente inmediatamente recientemente sobre todo todava ya quizs
Positions
below (down) over there there here up there
Posiciones
abajo ah all aqu arriba
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Prepositions
at, to because of a a causa de
at (someone's en casa de house)
in on above opposite
between
al lado de
alrededor
around before
under
alrededor de antes
bajo
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Colores
Remember that colours are adjectives. Adjectives in Spanish often change their spelling according to what they describe. Adjectives ending in o work like blanco. Adjectives ending in l, s, n work like the colours azul, gris and marrn. Adjectives ending in e work like verde.
blanco/a/os/as white
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duro/a hard abierto/a open enfadado/a angry aburrido/a boring estupendo/a great agradecido/a grateful estpido/a, alto/a high tonto/a stupid amable kind falso/a wrong, false antiguo/a former, antique fantstico/a great asqueroso/a disgusting cansado/a tired bello/a beautiful favorito/a favourite breve brief favorito/a, brillante brilliant preferido/a favourite bueno/a good feo/a ugly buscado/a sought after flexible flexible caliente hot great, cansado/a tiring formidable marvellous cercano/a close fuerte strong cerrado/a con gordo/a fat lIave locked grande big, tall cerrado/a closed grande great confortable comfortable gratis, contento/a happy/pleased gratuito/a free corto/a short handsome/ de buen humor in a good mood guapo/a pretty/ de pie standing horrible awful dbil weak igual same difcil difficult ilusionado/a exciting dinmico/a dynamic increble unbelievable divertido/a funny joven young 62
Adjetivos
junto/a largo/a libre ligero/a limpio/a listo/a lIeno/a maduro/a magnfico/a maravilloso/a mismo necesario/a nuevo/a numeroso/a otro/a pequeo/a perdido/a perfecto/a pesado/a podrido/a propio/a prximo/a rpido/a real responsible rico/a roto
together long free light clean ready full mature magnificent marvellous same necessary new numerous other small lose perfect heavy rotten own next fast/quick real responsible rich broken
ruidoso/a noisy sabio/a wise sano/a healthy satisfecho/a satisfied sensacional sensational serio/a serious severo/a, strict estricto/a silencioso/a silent solo/a alone sucio/a dirty tmido/a shy tpico/a typical todo/a all trabajador/a hardworking ltimo/a last til useful vago/a lazy vlido/a valid valioso/a, de valuable (gran) valor variable variable verdadero/a true viejo/a old
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Comparatives
el/la ms + adjective el/la menos + adjective Ejemplos: Mi padre es el ms alto de la familia. Soy el ms deportista de la familia. Mi hermana es la menos egoista de la familia Excepciones
mejor peor
the most the least. My dad is the tallest in the family. I am the most sporty in the family. My sister is the least selfish in the family
better worse
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la direccin el cumpleaos
la edad la fecha de nacimiento
el lugar de nacimiento la nacionalidad el cdigo postal el nmero de telfono el ao el carcter / la personalidad el sexo el prefijo local el rasgo caracterstico nacido/a muerto/a casado/a separado/a solo/a adulto/a. mayor menor de edad el extranjero/la extranjera presentarse
place of birth nationality postcode telephone number year character, personality gender area code character trait born deceased (dead) married separated alone adult underage foreigned to introduce oneself
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Describing people
old-fashioned
active
likeable lively
unfriendly helpful
atractivo/a aventurero/a bien equilibrado/a bonito/a , mono/a , lindo/a cansado/a celoso/a charlatn/a, hablador/a contento/a , feliz de buen / mal humor delgado/a deprimido/a desagradable descarado/a descontento/a , insatisfecho/a digno/a de confianza duro/a , severo/a econmico/a , ahorrativo/a
attractive adventurous well-balanced pretty tired jealous talkative happy in a good / bad mood thin depressed unpleasant, disagreable cheeky dissatisfied reliable hard, harsh thrifty 66
Describir a personas 2
educado/a , corts
Describing people
polite
generoso/a gracioso/a hermoso/a guapo/a honesto/a ideal impaciente impresionante, magnfico/a independiente ingenioso/a inteligente joven jubilado/a leal , fiel loco/a , mal educado/a , descorts multicultural normal optimista
generous funny beautiful honest ideal impatient awesome, magnificent independent witty intelligent young pensioner, senior citizen loyal, faithful mad, crazy impolite multicultural normal optimistic
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serio/a simptico/a , amistoso/a solitario/a tacao/a , malo/a , tmido/a tonto/a tranquilo/a triste vanidoso/a
serious friendly lonely mean, nasty shy foolish, silly quiet sad conceited
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Familia
el/la miembro de la familia
Family
member of the family
relative father/mother
parents
el pap / la mam
el padrastro / la madrastra
dad/mum
step-dad/step-mum
el padre / la madre sin pareja el hombre / la mujer el marido, esposo / la mujer, esposa el hijo nico, la hija nica el nio,el chico,el muchacho
el hermano / la hermana el gemelo / la gemela los hermanos el hijo / la hija el abuelo / la abuela los abuelos el novio / la novia el to / la ta el sobrino / la sobrina el nieto / la nieta
single dad/single mum man / woman husband, wife single child boy
brother / sister twin brother / twin sister siblings son / daughter grandad / grandma grandparents boyfriend / girlfriend (fianc) uncle / aunt nephew / niece grandson / granddaughter
cousin son/daughter-in-law
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fastidiar, molestar
llamarse
estar de buen / mal humor cuidar celebrar felicitar criticar donar divorciarse, separar estar prometido/a , ser novios/as casarse llevarse bien con invitar besar conocer gustar parecer cuidar
to be in a good / bad mood to care for, to look after to celebrate to congratulate to criticise to donate to get divorced to get engaged to get married to get on with to invite to kiss to know, (be familiar with) to like to look (e.g. pretty, ugly etc) to look after
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Familia (3) esperar con impaciencia , hacer mucha ilusin preferir apoyar
visitar
to get up somebodys nose, to pick on, to harass to suffer the eldest, older the youngest, younger pet
dog cat friend neighbour single person penfriend teenager gentleman / lady miss people, person guy, bloke relationship together
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Family argument
kiss
la fiesta el anillo de compromiso el anillo de boda el regalo el bautizo el trabajo la vida el hogar sin hogar en paro la ayuda la residencia de ancianos el sentimiento
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At home bathroom
detached house
dream flat
house picture
la casa adosada semi-detached house el despacho study (room) la casa adosada terraced house ordenado/a tidy desordenado/a untidy el bloque de pisos (house divided into flats) el cepillo/la pasta de dientes tooth brush/paste to switch on encender to switch off apagar peinarse to comb (hair) divertirse to enjoy oneself apetecer to feel like (doing something) poner to put on maquillarse to put on make-up reparar to repair afeitarse acompaar to shave to tag along, to accompany
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knowledge
advantage
el concurso la emergencia la luz el paso la encuesta, el sondeo la universidad la discriminacin racista (m,f) perjudicar experimentar agotado/a rizado/liso el bigote la barba calvo/a el tatuaje
competition emergency light step survey university discrimination racist to disadvantage to experience sold out curly/straight moustache beard bald tattoo
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las partes del cuerpo la cabeza los ojos las orejas / Los odos
la nariz la boca
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Saying something hurts me duele me duelen tengo dolor de .. my .. hurts (singular) my .. hurt (plural) I have .ache
tengo fiebre / gripe / tos / nauseas / catarro tengo nauseas tengo una insolacin / una quemadura / una ampolla / una picadura tengo ganas de tengo que
huir ir a casa
I have a temperature / flu / a cough / cold I feel sick I have sunstroke / a burn / a blister / a bite I want to.. / feel like I have to
run away go home
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Los problemas de la salud me siento enfermo/a tengo ganas de vomitar estoy cansado/a
estar nervioso/a
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La comida : la fruta la manzana el albaricoque el pltano la cereza el zumo de fruta la uva el meln,(la sanda) la naranja el melocotn la ciruela la frambuesa la fresa la pia la pera
Food: fruit apple apricot banana cherry fruit juice grape melon (water melon) orange peach plum raspberry strawberry pineapple pear
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La comida : las verduras la haba,la juda la zanahoria la coliflor el pepino las judas verdes la lechuga la ensalada
el champion
Food: vegetables bean carrot cauliflower cucumber green beans lettuce salad mushroom (round topped) mushroom (flat topped) pea potato tomato vegetable garlic onion
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las pastas Las bebidas el agua mineral (con gas, sin gas) el cacao el caf el t (de fruta, de hierbas) el vino (tinto, blanco)
el zumo la cerveza la leche (con toda la nata) la limonada
pasta Drinks mineral water (sparkling, still) chocolate coffee tea (fruit, herbal) wine (red, white)
juice beer milk (full fat) lemonade
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Ms comida el aceite el azcar el chocolate el desayuno el helado el huevo el huevo frito el postre el queso el tentempi el yogur la cena la cena la comida la comida,el almuerzo la comida,la alimentacin,los comestibles la grasa la mantequilla la margarina la mermelada la miel
more food oil sugar chocolate breakfast ice cream egg fried egg sweet (dessert) cheese snack yoghurt evening meal, dinner, supper evening meal meal lunch food fat, grease butter margarine jam honey
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Ms comida 2 la nata,la crema la nuez la sal la sopa la tortilla las patatas fritas las patatas fritas las tapas los caramelos los huevos revueltos crudo/a dulce graso/a , grasiento/a picante sabroso/a
more food cream nut salt soup omelette chips crisps snacks taken at the bar sweets scrambled eggs raw sweet fatty, greasy hot (spicy) tasty
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