Cold Flow Circulating Fluidized Bed Testing Facility

Joseph S. Mei Lawrence J. Shadle

U. S. Department of Energy
National Energy Technology Laboratory

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Objectives
Emulate fully integrate operation of CFB systems to troubleshoot operational problems in gas-solid transferred through riser, standpipe, and non-mechanical valves Study operational principles of key gas-solid transport system componentss such as non-mechanical valves and standpipes Generate reliable data to validate mathematical and dynamic models currently being developed at DOE/NETL and provide data for stochastic and engineering models development Provide a platform for testing and development of advanced instrumentation to better characterize the internal flow behavior of a riser

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

0.3-m Diameter Circulating Fluidized Bed Cold Model

To Bag House

Experimental Facility

0.152 m

0.305 m
0.253 m

15.45 m

11.4 m

6.34 m

4.7 m
2.96 m

1.52 m
0 m

Aeration

0.091 m - 0.244 m

Aeration

Air

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Research Instrumentation

Available Instruments Pressure Transmitters (differential pressure measurement) Solid Sampling Probes (solid flux measurement) Spiral Solid Flow Meter (solid circulation rate measurement) Vector Probe (particle velocity measurement) Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) (particle velocity measurement near the riser wall)

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Spiral Solid Flow Meter

Flexible Cable Inside SS Tubing

Sealed Ball Bearing

Universal Joint

Rotation Electronics

Aeration Flow and Solids Circulation Rate vs Time

Fiberglass Spiral

Aeration Flow Circulation Rate

1000

4 3 2 1 0 0 100 200 Time (s) 300 400

600 400 200 0 500

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Circulation Rate (kg/h)

Aeration Flow (scmh)

800

Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV)

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Laser Doppler Velocimeter Measurements

Velocity 1 Realtime
1.50 1.00 Mean Velocity, m/s 0.50 0.00 -0.50 -1.00 -1.50 -2.00 0 5 10 15
rp55
rp55
rp59
rp59
Avg rp55
Avg rp59

4.0 Velocity Ch. 1 (m /sec) 2.0 0 -2.0 -4.0 -6.0

RP55, Ug= 15.25 ft/s, Ms= 6000 lb/hr RP59, Ug= 15.25 ft/s, Ms= 2000 lb/hr

20

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

-2.50 Distance from the wall, mm

Time Ch. 1 (sec)

Dense flow- near wall Ug= 15.25 ft/s, Ms=6000 lb/hr

Increasing circ. rate, decreases gas velocity near wall Upward flow velocity decreases Downward flow velocity increases.

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Research Instrumentation
Instruments

Under Development Capacitance Imaging System (solid/void fraction measurement) Shear Probe (wall shear stress measurement) Gas and Solids Mixing Techniques

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Capacitance Imaging System

6 7

25,000 current measurements per second 400 current measurements per frame Approx 60 frames per second 40 micro-second measurement period (half of time used for transient recovery) Eight cycles of displacement current used for averaging for each point

16

10 15

11 14 13 12

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Pressure Drop Across the Entire Riser as a Function of Solid Flux at Various Riser Gas Velocities
400
2.7 m/s
2.9
3.2
3.5
3.8
4.9
5.2
5.5
6.5

R iser Pressure D rop, Pa/m

300

200

100

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 2 Solid Flux, kg/m -s 12 14 16 18

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Upper and Lower Transport Velocity

1000 Bed Empty Time (s) 800 600 400 200 0 0.0
Utr,lo =2.25 m/s

De nse -Phase Flow Re gime Fast Fluidiz ation

Dilute -Phase Flow Re gime

1.0

2.0

3.0

Utr, up =3.35 m/s

4.0

5.0

Riser Gas Velocity, Ug (m/s)

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Riser Axial Solid Fraction Profiles at Different Flow Regimes

Ms = 3,200 lbs/hr

60 50
Riser Height, ft

Ug = 6.01 ft/sec

40 30 20 10 0 0 0.1

Ug = 12.75 ft/sec

Ug = 10.57 ft/sec

0.2 0.3 Solid Fraction, (1- )

0.4

0.5

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Comparison of Average Solid Fraction under NonSteady State and Steady State Condition in a Riser
0.16 0.14 Avg Solid Fraction, (1- ) 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 4.142 2.342 Riser Pressure Drop, kPa 0.625

Non-Steady State Condition at Ug=2.79 m/s Steady State Condition at Ug=2.79 m/s Non-Steady State Condition at Ug=3.2 m/s Steady State Condition at Ug=3.2 m/s

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Solid Fraction Profile in Riser

16 14 12 Riser Height, ft 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.00

Ug = 3.2 m/s, PDT811a = 2.34 kPa

Non-Steady State Condition

Steady State Condition

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

Solid Fraction, (1- )

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Model Validation
refinement (2-D) on small scale experiments 3-D Simulations on small scale experiments Minimum cell size (10x particle size) 2-D and 3-D simulations of NETLs CFB Simulation time needed to compare with SS tests data Parallel simulations on NETL clusters and PSC terascale Effect of flux limiters on pressure drop
Cir. Rate: 4488 lbs/hr Gas Flow: 3.2 m/s
Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Grid

Comparison of Experimental Data with MFIX Predictions on Axial Pressure Profile

Ug=17.25 ft/s, Ms=3172 lbs/hr

60 Riser Height (ft) 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 Del P/Del L 0.008 0.01

MFIX

Experiment

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Comparison of Experimental Data with MFIX Predictions on Radial Solid Flux

Ug=17.25, Ms=3172 lbs/hr

Solid Flux, Gs (lbs/ft -s)

1 0 0 -1 -2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Exp

MFIX
Radial Position (ft)

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date

Comparison of Experimental Data with MFIX Predictions on Radial Solid Flux

Ug=15.25 ft/s, Ms=2015 lbs/hr
1.50 1.00
Mass Flux, Gs (lbs/ft2 s)

0.50 0.00 0 -0.50 -1.00 -1.50 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

MFIX

EXP.

MFIX (fine grid)

Radial Position (ft)

Descriptor - include initials /org#/date