KARPAGAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING COIMBATORE -641 032.

B.E CSE / B.TECH Continuous Internal Reassessment: I Time: Two Hours Answer Key
Answer ALL Questions PART A (7x 2 = 14 marks)

Semester: VI Date:15.02.2013 Maximum: 50 Marks

10P605 / 10F602 INFORMATION STORAGE AND MANAGEMENT

1. What is Information Lifecycle Management? Information lifecycle management (ILM) is a proactive strategy that enables an IT organization to effectively manage the data throughout its lifecycle, based on predefined business policies. This allows an IT organization to optimize the storage infrastructure for maximum return on investment. 2. What are the solutions available for data storage?

Tape Library: A collection of tape drives and tapes Jukeboxes: A collection of optical disks and drives Disk Arrays: A collection hard disks Each solution addresses specific needs for data storage and management. Tape Library Backup/Restore; Archival of data Jukeboxes Typically to store non-changing content over long periods of time Disk Arrays To store data that has to be immediately accessible and online.

3. What is cache hit and cache miss? If the requested data is found in the cache, it is known as a cache hit. The data is sent directly to the host, with no disk operation required. This provides fast response times. If the data is not found in cache, the operation is known as a cache miss. When there is a cache miss, the data must be read from disk. The back end controller accesses the appropriate disk and retrieves the requested data. Data is typically placed in cache and then sent to the host.

4. List out any four key requirements for Data Center Elements. Data Availability Security Performance Scalability Capacity Manageability

5. Write a short note on physical disk.

Physical disks are where data is stored. Drives are connected to the controller with either SCSI (SCSI interface and copper cable) or Fibre Channel (optical or copper) cables. When a storage system is used in environments where performance is not critical, ATA drives may be used. The connection to the drives will then be made via parallel ATA (PATA) or serial ATA (SATA) copper cables. Some storage systems allow a mixture of SCSI or Fibre Channel drives and ATA drives. The higher performing drives are used for application data storage, while the slower ATA drives are used for backup and archiving.

6. What is LUN? The LUNs are presented separately to the host or hosts. A host will see a LUN as if it were a single disk device. The host is not aware that this LUN is only a part of a larger physical drive. The host assigns logical device names to the LUNs the naming conventions vary by platform. Examples are shown for both UNIX and Windows addressing. For example, without the use of LUNs, a host requiring only 200 GB could be allocated an entire 1TB physical disk. Using LUNs, only the required 200 GB would be allocated to the host, allowing the remaining 800 GB to be allocated to other hosts. In the case of RAID protected drives, these logical units are slices of RAID. 7. Write are the parities used in RAID 6.

RAID-6 protects against two disk failures by maintaining two parities Horizontal parity which is the same as RAID-5 parity Diagonal parity is calculated by taking diagonal sets of data blocks from the RAID set members

Answer ALL Questions

PART B (3x 12= 36 marks)

8.(a) Explain the Management, Implementation and Benefits of ILM. Definition Information lifecycle Example Definition Information lifecycle Management ILM characteristics Information Lifecycle Management Process ILM implementation Benefits of Implementing ILM (OR)

(12) (1) (2) (1) (2) (2) (2) (2)

b) (i) Explain the Data Center Infrastructure elements and requirements in detail.(12) Five core elements of data center Example Requirements (2) (2)
(8)

9. (a) Explain the Disk Drive Components . Key components of a disk drive Platter Spindle read/write head actuator arm assembly controller (OR) a) Describe the components of an Intelligent Storage System. An intelligent storage system consists of four key components: front end cache back end physical disks

(12) (3) (3) (2) (2) (2)

(12) (2) (4) (2) (4)

10. (a) Write short note on Striping, Mirroring and parity

(12) (4)

Striping:

Mirroring

(4)

Mirroring is a technique whereby data is stored on two different HDDs, yielding two copies of data. In the event of one HDD failure, the data is intact on the surviving HDD and the controller continues to service the hosts data requests from the surviving disk of a mirrored pair. When the failed disk is replaced with a new disk, the controller copies the data from the surviving disk of the mirrored pair. Mirroring involves duplication of data the amount of storage capacity needed is twice the amount of data being stored.

Parity

(4)

Parity is a method of protecting striped data from HDD failure without the cost of mirroring. An additional HDD is added to the stripe width to hold parity, a mathematical construct that allows re-creation of the missing data. Parity is a redundancy check that ensures full protection of data without maintaining a full set of duplicate data. Parity RAID is less expensive than mirroring because parity overhead is only a fraction of the total capacity.
(OR) (b) Write short note on RAID 4, RAID 5 and RAID 6 (12)

RAID 4(Striping with Dedicated Parity Disk) (4) RAID Level 4 stripes data for high performance and uses parity for improved fault tolerance. Data is striped across all the disks, but one in the array. Parity information is stored on a dedicated disk so that data can be reconstructed if a drive fails.

RAID 5(Independent Disks with Distributed Parity). (4) RAID 5 does not read and write data to all disks in parallel like RAID 3. Instead, it performs independent read and write operations. There is no dedicated parity drive; data and parity information is distributed across all drives in the group.

RAID 6(Dual Parity RAID)

(4)

Two disk failures in a RAID set leads to data unavailability and data loss in singleparity schemes, such as RAID-3, 4, and 5 Increasing number of drives in an array and increasing drive capacity leads to a higher probability of two disks failing in a RAID set RAID-6 protects against two disk failures by maintaining two parities Horizontal parity which is the same as RAID-5 parity Diagonal parity is calculated by taking diagonal sets of data blocks from the RAID set members Even-Odd, and Reed-Solomon are two commonly used algorithms for calculating parity in RAID-6

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