ASSINGMENT NO.

02

COURSE TITLE

: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION MONITORING AND ASESSMENT

GROUP NAME

M.SC(P)

GROUP MEMBERS:

1. MUHAMMAD MANSOOR MOIN 2. MUHAMMAD TALHA HUSSAIN 3. ASAD KARIM 4. ASIF KHAN 5. AKHTER ABBAS 6. TAHIR ALI 7. RIAZ ALI SHAH 8. SHAHID ZAMAN

Diseases caused by ingestion of water Contaminated by human or animal Excrement, which contain pathogenic Micro-Organisms.

Include cholera, typhoid, amoebic and Bacillary dysentery and other diarrheal Diseases.

NAME OF THE MICRO ORGANISMS CAUSING THE WATER BORNE DISEASES GIARDIASIS(Diarrhea) CRYPTOSPPRIDIOSIS(Diarrhea) CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS(Diarrhea) SHIOGELLOSIS(Dysentery) VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS(Diarrhea) CYCLOPRIASIS(Diarrhea) SALMONELLA TYPHOSA(Typhoid) VIBRIO CHOLERA(Cholera)

TYPE OF THE MICRO ORGANISM FROM WHICH WATER BECAME CONTAIMINATED Protozoan Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria

In addition, waterborne disease Can be caused by the pollution of Water with chemicals that have an adverse effect on health.

HARMFUL CHEMICALS CAUSING THE WATER BORNE DISEASES ARSENIC FLOURIDES NITRATES CARCINOGENIC PESTICIDES LEAD HEAVY METALS(Hg,Cd,Ni)

SOURCES FROM WHICH THE WATER BECAME CONTAIMINATED Industrial Waste(Cotton dying and Denim Washing) Industrial Waste Fertilizers Agricultural Use Pipes Detergent Industries, Textile Industries

The southern Sindh province of Pakistan adjoins the Arabian Sea coast where drinking water quality is deteriorating due to dumping of industrial and urban waste and use of agrochemicals and yet has limited fresh water resources. The study assessed the drinking water quality of canal, shallow pumps, dug wells, and water supply schemes from the administrative districts of Thatta, Badin, and and Thar by measuring coliform) physical, quality chemical, biological (total

parameters. All four water bodies (dug wells, shallow pumps canal water, and water supply schemes) exceeded WHO MPL for turbidity (24%, 28%, 96%, 69%), coliform (96%, (100%, 77%, 99%, 92%, 44%, 81%), 63%), and electrical conductivity However, the respectively.

turbidity was lower in underground water, i.e., 24% and 28% in dug wells and shallow pumps as compared to open water, i.e., 96% and 69% in canal and water supply schemes, respectively. In dug wells and shallow pumps, limits for TDS, alkalinity, hardness, and sodium exceeded, respectively, by 63% and 33%; 59% and 70%, 40% and 27%, and 78% and 26%. Sodium was major problem in dug wells and shallow pumps of district Thar and considerable percent in shallow pumps of Badin. Iron was major problem in all water bodies of district Badin ranging from 50% to 69% and to some extent in open waters of Thatta. Other parameters as pH, copper, manganese, zinc, and phosphorus were within standard permissible limits of World Health Organization. Some common diseases found in the study area were gastroenteritis, diarrhea and vomiting, kidney, and skin problems.

UNDERGROUND PIPELINE SYSTEM:

In the district Thatta and Badin, People usually use the water that is supplied by the Administrative of the respective districts, by the means of the underground pipeline system. Above defined diseases are due to the fact that the supply lines of the water system carries a very bad and un hygienic condition as the Potable water lines lies beneath the waste water carrying lines .

As a fact that waste water may have a certain weight due to which the waste water lines may became leaks and the Dirt and the Pathogenic Microorganism my get entered into the Premium Drinking Water Lines. Hence, water may became contaminated POLLUTED, consumption. The River Indus that passes nearby the both districts also contain the high level of the toxic chemical, which also contributed to the water borne diseases, as the Administrative also supply the same river water to the both districts. or in some areas for it may the became human hence misfit

CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES:
Chemical industries contributing a lot in the water borne diseases, as they discharge their waste into the river without treating it, in their waste water treatment plant. These Industries may include the Denim dying industries, Cotton and textile industries

and the detergent producing industries, and their waste may include the alarming levels of the heavy metals(Hg, Cd, Ni and Ar) and the toxic substances.

SEA WATER INTRUSION:

Sea water intrusion has its own optimum role in it. As the sea water contains the high levels of alkaline earth metals like MAGNESIUM and CALCIUM and their carbonates which contributes in the Hardness of the water, hence making the water unfit for the washing purposes as well. Therefore, the underground water also gets

contaminated and in some areas of the Thatta and Badin it completely became polluted.

1. BOIL THE WATER BEFORE CONSUMING IT. 2. USE OF THE CHOLORINE TABLETS IS RECOMMENDED (KEEP IN MIND THAT THE PEOPLE DIDNT KNOW WHO TO USE SUCH TABLETS, POOR SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITION).

3. THE USUALL TEMPERATURE IN THE SUMMER IN BOTH THE DISTRICTS (i-e 38 TO 45) PROVIDES A NATURAL DISINFECTION BY THE MEANS OF THE SOLAR DISINFECTION, AS THE RADIATION KILLS THE MOST OF THE MICRO ORGANISM PRESENT IN THE WATER, AND THE VOLATILE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IF PRESENT MAY BECAME EVAPORATED IN SUCH CONDITONS

RESEARCH PAPER :Drinking water quality assessment in Southern Sindh (Pakistan).

a. Department of Soil Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan

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