Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I. The Eye
A. Internal Structures of Eye
1. Conjunctivae--thin, transparent mucous membranes--lines eyelid and
covers eyeball
1. Retina contains:
a. Blood vessels--nourishment
b. Photoreceptors
1. Rods--responsible for peripheral vision
2. Cones--responsible for central vision and color
3. Two main cavities within eyeball:
3. Wear Gloves
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8.
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C. Assessment of eye
1. PERRLA
2. Consensual response- pupil exposed to the light demonstrated a
direct response to the light, and the pupil not exposed to
the light demonstrated a similar constriction
3. Accommodation- is the process by which the eye increases optical
power to maintain a clear image (focus) on the
retina
4. Visual acuity--Snellen chart at 20 ft distance
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5. Refractive errors:
a. Emmetropia- normal refraction
b. Hyperopia- Farsightedness
c. Myopia- nearsighted
d. Presbyopia- due to aging
1. S&S:
- Swelling
- Pain
2. Treatment:
a. Warm Compress
d. No makeup
e. I & D
f. Hand washing
1. Allergic
- Wearing makeup
- Foods
- Dog/cat hair
SSx-
- Hyperemia- redness
-↑ Lacrimation – Tearing
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Tx-
- Steroid Drops
b. S&S:
-
Treatments:
a. Surgery
b. Eye Removal
8th Cranial Nerve; most common benign tumor and although benign, as it grows it
exerts pressure toward brain stem and is life threatening.
2. Organ of balance
- Semicircular Canals
a. Pinna/Auricle
c. Purupl/Boils
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2. Obstructions
a.
b. Swollen canal- tumor, blunt trauma (boxer)
c. Bug- use mineral oil to remove
d.
e.
2. Trauma
Inside- fluid builds up and can burst tympanic membrane
Outside- slapped
* Concern about ossicles- air conduction
1. Antibiotics
2. Surgery
- tubs- myringotomy - pressure won’t build up
- repair myringoplasty
- Tympanoplasty
- Mastoidectomy- to remove infected air cells within the
mastoid bone
1. Hearing Impairment
- Exposure to loud noises
- Drugs- ototoxic
- vancomycin
- gycomycin
- Lasix
- Aspirin
- head noises
- can be so sever patients have commited suicide
- Tinnitus masques or white noise- takes place of noise- like hearing aid-
makes another tolerable noise
3. Balance Disorders
- Inner ear
a. Labyrinthitis
- Condition of inner ear caused by a virus
- N/V
b. Presbycusis
- impaired hearing because of old age
- Along with vision loss