ARTS Quarter 1: Folk Arts of the Philippines EXPLORE YOUR UNDERSTANDING

According to an internet source, a country's past history dictates its culture and tradition. This tradition is presented in its arts through music, dance, literature, architecture, fine arts, print, weaving, dress, cuisine, beliefs, folktales, stories, etc. In this module you will be able to learn the indigenous arts of our country basic principles and elements of art. Our culture is distinct from other neighboring countries in the Pacific and Southeast Asia. Through migrations and trade, countries from the opposite side of the world have come into the country, leaving their cultural mark on its inhabitants which in turn have passed them on to the present generation. But let us first focus on the indigenous arts of our country, like carving, pottery, weaving and physical ornaments, relating it with the elements and principles of arts. This module will bring you to different regions of our country and guide you on the importance and purpose of different indigenous arts, and experience how they are done or made.

Pre Assessment:
Activity 1: Direction: Below are art works that can be seen in our country. Can you name them and give a short description about each?

A. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ B. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ C. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ D. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Were you able to identify the pictures? Have you seen any of them? Activity 2: LOOP A WORD: Find the words below from the word pool curve vertical form texture value positive
P D W R N A D L T S I A D B E T J F E C F Q I V G E A S X U O G A N A R F A T L

negative sculpture tertiary

R T G C T T H F U P M L O X I I S H R T A D N Z V A N J E U S P A C E R X G E R

diagonal shape painting

H J L D Y A C U E A F K C O L O R L W P S M S L D H X A S

color space collage

E R P O S I T I V E X Y C U R V E W T D

Continue reading and explore the wonderful world of arts. 2

FIRM-UP YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Lesson 1: What is Folk Art Do you recall something that your great-grandmother taught your grandmother which she taught your mother to teach you? Was there something that has been practiced a long time, that you don't even know why it is being practiced, except that it has just always been done like that? Those are what we called folk arts. Folk arts are the craftsmanship of people from a local area which depicts the everyday life and are handed down from generation to generation. Folk art is primarily utilitarian and decorative rather than purely aesthetic. Folk art is the craftsmanship of people from a local area which depicts the everyday life and is handed down from generation to generation. Folk art is primarily utilitarian and decorative rather than purely aesthetic. Folk art reflects traditional art forms of diverse community groups ethnic, tribal, religious, occupational, geographical, age - or gender-based who identify with each other and society at large. Folk artists traditionally learn skills and techniques through apprenticeships in informal community settings, though they may also be formally educated. Activity 1: Making use of the graphic organizer below, write what you have learned from your mother that her mother taught her that you think has been passed down from generation to generation? grandmother

Great grandmother 1

Mother

You

2. Look for anything in your home that you think is an indigenous artwork. What importance does it brings to your family? Explain. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Lesson 2: Indigenous Art of the Philippines A. Weaving Weaving is popular in the northern part of the Philippines. Materials, ranging from the pinya cloth, a sheer fabric made of fibers of the leaf of the pineapple plant, as woven the province of Aklan, to colorful tapestries and waist cloths of different tribes handloomed from decidedly Western materials of mercerized cotton threads. Banig is a handwoven mat usually used for sleeping. Technically, it is not a textile. Depending on the region of the Philippines, the mat is made of palm (buri), pandan or sea grass leaves. The leaves are dried, usually dyed, then cut into strips and then woven into mats which could be plain or intricate. The Philippines is famous for handloomed fabrics which range from fine and transparent to textured and geometric. The jusi (raw silk in Chinese) is basically a translucent fabric woven from silk yarn and pineapple thread favored for Barong Tagalog, the national attire for men. The fabric is usually embroidered (burda = embroidery) with intricate designs. The sheer pineapple fiber cloth, or pinya is the finest of all the handwoven fabrics of the Philippines. Like the jusi, it is also the choice fabric for the Barong Tagalog. Similarly, it is also embroidered with intricate designs. The fiber is derived from wild pineapple plant of Aklan province where most of the pinya fiber in the Philippines is woven. More recently, mixture of silk and pinya (the so called 'pinyaseda') has appeared in the market. This design is derived from the tubular fabric (malong) that the Yakan women from Basilan wear. The diamond patterning is very distinctive for the Yakan tribe.

Ikat weaving from Mindanao.

A Mountain Province woman wrap around

The bahag or loin cloth of the Mountain Province is an exquisitely hand-loomed piece of long cloth that is wrapped around the man's middle. Much of the modern bahags have found their way to the low land as table runners, serviettes, and other decor and fashion accoutrements.

Different Panels of a Bontoc Blanket

Tnalak from Tboli tribe

patadyong west visayan wrap around

Various Batik Patterns from Zamboanga, Davao and Cotabato

Tubaw from South Cotabato

B. Pottery Pottery has a long tradition in the country, and is one of the earliest arts practiced by Filipinos. Originally a purely functional art, pottery can be highly artistic as well. Pottery is the ceramic ware made by potters. It can also refer to the material of which the pottery ware is made, which major types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain.

C. Carving Woodcarving has a long tradition in our country. Some carvings are merely decorative, but many carved objects and motifs have symbolic meaning. The bulol, or "Ifugao rice god," is a carved human figurine into which a certain class of anito is said to incorporate itself when worshipped. Bulols are kept in the house or granary, and are usually made in pairs. They are carved of narra wood, which represents wealth, happiness, and well-being. Every step in their production requires a ceremony, from tree selection to arrival at the owner's house; a consecrated bulol has been bathed in pig's blood, had myths recited to it, and received offerings of wine, ritual boxes, and rice cakes Okir-a-datu are elaborate curvilinear carved motifs made by the Maranao and Tausug tribes of Mindanao. The main okir motifs are the sarimanok (mythical bird), the naga (mythical serpent) and the pako rabong (fern). Such motifs are used to decorate the houses of Sultans.

The Hagabi is a wooden seat of the Ifugao representing the social status of a citizen. It shows the wealth and power of its owner is usually a Kadanagyan or a person belonging to a high level in society. This is because only the rich only capable to its operation including the ritual to celebrate the time after its formation.

 Paete is known for all kinds of woodcarvings, especially santo figures.

Pakil is known for filigree-like woodcarvings that are delicately carved.

Betis, Pampanga is known for its artisans' skillful carved embellishment of wooden furniture.
D. Jewelry or personal Ornaments Our Philippine ancestors at the time that they were documented by the western world, were known to be wearing elaborate jewelry made of gold. Jewelry is usually considered as an applied and decorative art. It is by no means utilitarian its materials are often rare and precious, the labor being highly skilled makes them more expressive. Tboli are known for their penchant for personal adornment and colorful crafts.

Jewels are discrete art objects on the human body, to beautify the human body some Philippine groups altered the body itself flattening the forehead, tattooing the skin and filing and gold-pegging the teeth through surgical operations. Wearing jewelry, however, satisfies the demands of vanity without causing physical pain. Jewelry, like all art, is expressionist pure and simple, the creation of biased, subjective vision. Its impact begins when worn, altering the visual itself, but a jewel changes its function and impact depending on the wearer and the viewer.

Wow! What a tour of the different regions and their indigenous arts! Did you enjoy your colourful creative and colourful trip? Let us first check your understanding about the past lesson. 7

Activity 1:
1. Describe and differentiate the design and color combinations used in weaving by indigenous people in each region in our country. Write your answers on the circles provided for.

Zamboanga

Cotabato

Color and Color Design Bontoc Davao

Mindanao

Zamboanga

Cotabato

Design
Davao Bontoc

Mindanao

1. Look for anything in your home that you think is an indigenous artwork. What importance does it bring to your family? Explain. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Crepe Paper Designing

Materials Needed: Crepe paper (red, blue, green 1 small bottle zonrox black or brown) Small ice cream plastic cup Cotton buds 2 to 5 pieces Old newspaper Procedure: 1. Prepare the needed materials. 2. Cover your working table with newspaper. 3. Spread the crepe paper over the newspaper before starting to work. 4. Pour a little amount of zonrox on the ice cream cup. 5. Carefully dip the cotton buds on the zonrox a little. 6. Draw ethnic designs of your choice like the naga and okir designs of Maranao starting from one side of the crepe paper. 7. Continue your work until you have cover the whole crepe paper. 8. Let your work dry before inserting it on your portfolio of works. Lesson 3: Elements of Arts Do you believe that art is everywhere? Art as we all know can be seen around us. The beautiful flowers, the sunset and even the dress we wear are work of art. Man has formulated basic elements with which to express his own interpretation of art called Elements of Art. Artists decides on how they want to put them to use. Each element is very important to a piece of art, but some are stressed more than others. Line is a very important element of art. Line is most

easily defined as a mark that spans a distance between two points. As an art element, line pertains to the use of various marks, outlines and implied lines in artwork and design. Have you seen a work of art with no use of lines.
Whether it is a drawing, painting, or sculpture, lines are important. They help form shapes, and communicate an idea or feeling.

Form may be created by the forming of two or more shapes or as three-dimensional shape (cube, pyramid, sphere, etc). It may be enhanced by tone, texture and colour. Form is considered three-dimensional showing height, width and depth. Examples of these are sculpture, theatre play, figurines. Space is the area provided for a particular purpose. It may have two dimensions (length and width), such as a floor, or it may have three dimensions (length, width, and height). Space includes the background, foreground and middle ground. Space refers to the distances or areas around, between or within components of a piece.

There are two types of space: positive and negative space. Positive space refers to the space of a shape representing the subject matter. Negative space refers to the space around and between the subject matter.
Another important element of art is color. It is a wonderful tool to create mood in a piece of art. The effect of color can have a strong impact on your feelings.

Color pertains to the use of hue in artwork and design. The primary colors are red, yellow, blue. Secondary colors, which are directly mixed from combinations of primary colors produces, green(yellow and blue), orange (red and yellow), purple or violet (red and blue), and the combinations of primary and secondary colors create tertiary colors (yellowgreen, yellow-orange, blue-green, blue-violet, red-violet, red-orange).
What shapes can you see from the two pictures? Are they soft and round or more geometric in shape? Shape is an element of art that is defined with edges You will notice that playful shapes create happy and funny image while straight ones like triangles and squares looks serious.

Value pertains to the use of light and dark, shade and highlight, in an artwork. Black and white photography depends entirely on value to define its subjects. Value is directly related to contrast. Value is the darkness and lightness of an object depending on how the light is shown.
The last Element of Art is Texture, which refers to the way the paint feels on the surface of the canvas. Artists can create texture by using paint brush, palette knife, or any type of tool or medium they would like to use.

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Activity 1: Simple Collage Materials Needed: 10 t0 50 pieces punched dots 1 string about 1 yard long 1 color construction paper 6 toothpicks or broom sticks 2 visual textures 1 piece fabric Procedure: 1. Think of a design you want to make out of the materials you prepared. 2. You can do whatever you want to do with your materials (eg. bent, cut, torn) 3. Do not glue your work until you are sure of your idea. 4. You are free to add more collage materials. 5. After finishing your work, write a short explanation which defined actual and visual texture and where they appeared in your design. 6. Add your finished art work in your portfolio. Lesson 4: Principles of Art

The principles of visual art are the set of rules or guidelines of visual art that are to be considered when considering the impact of a piece of artwork. They are combined with the elements of art in the production of art.
Movement shows actions, or alternatively, the path the viewer's eye follows throughout an artwork. Movement is caused by using elements under the rules of the principles in picture to give the feeling of action and to guide the viewer's eyes throughout the artwork. In movement your art should flow, because you are controlling the

viewers eye. Unity is the quality of wholeness that is achieved through the effective use of the elements and principles of art. The arrangement of elements and principles to create a feeling of completeness. Harmony is achieved in a body of work by using similar elements throughout the work. It gives an uncomplicated look to a piece of artwork. Color Harmony or Color Theory is also considered a principle through the application of the design element of color.

Variety (also known as alternation) is the quality or state of having different forms or types. The differences which give a design visual and 11

conceptual interest: notably use of contrast, emphasis, difference in size and color. Balance is arranging elements so that no one part of a work overpowers, or seems heavier than any other part. The three different kinds of balance are symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial. o Symmetrical (or formal) balance is when both sides of an artwork, if split down the middle, appear to be the same. The human body is an example of symmetrical balance. o The asymmetrical balance is the balance that does not weigh equally on both sides. o Radial balance is equal in length from the middle. An example is the sun. Contrast is created by using elements that conflict with one another. Often, contrast is created using complementary colors or extremely light and dark values. Contrast creates interest in a piece and often draws the eye to certain areas.

Proportion is a measurement of the size and quantity of elements within a composition. In ancient arts, proportions of forms were enlarged to show importance. The ancient Greeks found fame with their accurately-proportioned sculptures of the human form. Beginning with the Renaissance, artists recognized the connection between proportion and the illusion of 3dimensional space.

Pattern and rhythm (also known as repetition) is showing consistency with colors or lines. It is indicating movement by the repetition of elements. Rhythm can make an artwork seem active.

Activity 1: Drawing with Pencil, Crayons, Chalk and Markers Materials Needed: Paper Chalk Crayons

Marker Pencil

Directions: 1. On a piece of paper draw continuous, curved line that crosses itself many times. 12

2. Color in the resulting shapes, using only primary colors, secondary colors, or a variety of colors. 3. Observe your work. What did you feel while doing your workWrite your observation on a piece of and paste it together with your work in your portfolio 4. Include your work on your portfolio.

Activity 5: Multiple Choice.

Answer the following and try to recall what you have just read. 1. A type of balance in which both sides of a composition are balanced yet different. A. Asymmetrical B. Symmetrical C. Equal D. Geometric 2. Formal balance is another word for which type of balance? A. Asymmetrical B. Radial C. Symmetrical D. Geometric 3. Which of the following is another word for "center of interest"? A. Focal Point B. Emphasis C. Dominance D. All of the above 4. A plan for selecting colors for a composition is also known as a ________. A. Color spectrum B. Color Wheel C. Color Scheme D. Color Mix 5. Another word for brightness of a color is __________. A. Value B. Intensity C. Hue D. Complementary 6. The art element that refers to the sense of touch is___________ A. Value B. Pattern C. Texture D. Shape 7. The circular chart used to remember color relationships is a ________. A. Color Scheme B. Color Wheel C. Color Ray D. Color Circle 8. Secondary colors are obtained by mixing two ___________ colors. A. Neutral colors B. Complementary colors C. Primary colors D. Tertiary colors

9. Colors are said to be contrasting if they are _____________. A. different in lightness and darkness. B. light in value. C. dark in value. D. bright and intense. 10. Contrast can be created by using ____________. A. smooth and rough textures. B. large and small shapes. C. Plain areas against areas of patterns. D. all of the above

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Lesson 5: Art and Religion Philippines is celebrating many festivals all year round. Every region, provinces and Cities has different kinds of festivities, events and schedule. People celebrate every festival with excitement, enthusiasm and high spirits. Filipinos enjoys every moment when celebrating the festival. The event or fiesta is characterized by the community to express the warm welcome of the harvest, express religious fervours, or commemorate a historic event. In Cebu, they have a dance ritual in honor of the miraculous image of the Santo Nio, called Sinulog. The dance is performed to seek help from the Santo Nio and to thank Him for favors and blessings received. In the town of Kalibo, Aklan, the wildest among Philippine fiestas held every third Sunday of January, is the Ati-Atihan. Celebrants paint their faces with black soot and wear bright, outlandish and intricate costumes as they dance in revelry during the last three days of this two week-long festival. The Ati-Atihan, a feast in honor of the Santo Nio, is celebrated on the second Sunday after Epiphany.

ions Moriones Festival, one of the most

colourful festivals in the island of Marinduque, a very popular festival in the Philippines, is the most unique festival in the world. Morion means "mask" or "visor," a part of the medieval Roman armor which covers the face. This week-long celebration starts on Holy Monday and culminates on Easter Sunday when the story of Longinus is reenacted in pantomime. Every January 9 at Quiapo Church in Manila, The Black Nazarene, a life-sized statue of Christ is carried through town by barefooted men yelling, "Viva Seor, while huge crowd tries to touch the statue. Every year thousands of devotees from all walks of life come to the district of Quiapo to take part in the procession as a way of strengthening their faith or fulfilling their 14

"panata" (vow) to Lord.

Every May 15, the fronts of houses in Lucban, Quezon are elaborately decorated with brightly colored rice wafer, called kiping, a type of rice dough made from a traditional recipe. The occasion is the Pahiyas Festival which is done in honor of San Isidro Labrador, the patron saint of the town. This is to give thanks for a good harvest to assure farmers of more bountiful harvests in forthcoming seasons. Presently, the Pahiyas Festival has become the pride not only of Lucbanons but all Quezonians for consistently keeping the culture and religion alive. The bright colors of "kiping" transcend the beauty if this town, not to mention the friendly smiles and greetings you get to receive from one street to another. Philipp i Davao is very alive every third week of August because it celebrates The festival is celebrated together with the harvesting of fruits and blooming of flowers. The Festival is highlighted with street dancing in which the performers wears graceful and colorful ethnicinspired garments with Floral Float Parade, which features floral and agricultural bounties.

Activity 1: Check Your Understanding: Tell a story of your own town fiesta and describe the different ways how you celebrate it. Compare it with other fiestas that you have experience. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Activity 2: Lets Make a Mask Materials Needed: Newspaper Cardboard Paste out of cornstarch mirror Procedure: 1. Prepare cornstarch or flour paste and pour in a small pail. 2. Tear newspaper and mix it with paste solution until the newspaper is soft enough to be molded. 3. Making use of the cardboard as your base, start molding a human face figure.

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4. To add details to your work, use the mirror to look at your face and try to copy your features. 5. Finish your work and let it dry under the sun.

Deepen Your Understanding

After thoroughly reading your lesson, let us now do some activities and deepen your understanding. Pretend that you are a native from the north. Just follow the directions and enjoy doing your work.

Activity 1 : Weaving a Paper Mat

Materials Needed: Colour paper or any paper available like newspaper or magazine glue/paste pencil Scissor ruler Directions: 1. To make cool paper weave, first cut out strips of colour construction paper or newspaper or magazine. 2. Next take a piece of construction paper and cut full length slits leaving an inch at either end of the paper. (cut them either horizontally or vertically depending upon how you cut your strips). 3. Now take your paper strips and weave them across the piece of paper with the slits, over and under, creating a beautiful weave. 4. When you are done with each weave, push it to the top and start another one. 5. Glue or paste the ends of the strips that you have woven to keep it in place. 6. When you are done with the weave, you can cut the paper weave into any shape or design that you want. Rubrics for checking your work. 5
Creativity/ Originality The student showed her own creativity and work is unique The student continuously worked on his project until it was complete.

4
The student tried new design but distorted The student worked hard and completed the project, but with more effort. With a little more effort, the artwork could have been outstanding

3
The student tried new idea, but was not able to do it The student finished the project, but it could have been improved with more effort. The artwork craftsmanship is not beautifully done.

2
The student work on an idea but became messed up The student finished the project, but more effort is needed.

1
The student accepted others ideas as own The project was mostly completed and a minimum amount of effort was used. The artwork showed poor craftsmanship and needs improvement

Effort/Persev erance

Craftsmanshi p/Skill Consistency

The artwork was beautifully and patiently done

The artwork showed little effort of craftsmanship

TOTAL 16

Did you enjoy your weaving activity? You can do weaving using other materials like ribbons, cogon grass, or any material available in your area.. After your weaving activity let us try your creativity in carving making use of soap. This time assume that you are a sculptor from Paete, Laguna and execute activity No. 2.

Activity 2: Soap Carving

Materials Needed: Bars of soap kitchen utility knife peelers nail cuticle pusher Directions: 1. Buy some soap. Get some nice bars for the eventual finished product, but don't forget some inexpensive practice bars. 2. Think of some simple designs that will not be impossible to carve: fish are always good, a simple bird, or perhaps just a shape, such as a heart. 3. Sketch the outline of the shape on the bar with a knife or other sharp instrument such as a nail cuticle pusher. 4. Hold the knife in your right hand and the soap in your left (reverse this if you're left-handed). 5. Pay attention to the feel of the knife. Slowly and carefully shave the soap according to your desired art form. 6. Use a sharp knife to gradually shave away layers until you achieve the shape you want. Rubrics for checking your work
Check here Category Description Good Average Needs Improvement

Growth

How do you compare your work to your previous work? Did you show more feeling and expressiveness in your work? Does it show more thought? Does it show more skill?

Creativity

How original, innovative, and daring is your work? Does it extend or change from past work youve done ?

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Care

Did you make your work appropriate for the style of art being made? Did you stay on the job and finish it at once? How are principles of design and composition used to make the visual elements work well?

Work Habits

Composition And Design

Elements and Principles of arts work hand in hand. I want you to perform the following activities and show how creative are you in using the elements and principle of arts.

Activity 3: Creative Principles

Materials Needed: Bond Paper Crayola/ color pencil/ marking pen Direction: 1. In a sheet of bond paper, create a series of design using dots, lines and a combination of both 2. Make use of at least 4-6 colored pencil point markers for variety 3. Follow the following criteria for dot designs a. use only two colors per design (keep it simple). b. dots must be round and colored solid. c. dots within each design should vary in size. d. dots may overlap, stack on top of each other, run off the edge of the paper, etc. 4. Limit each design to three colors to ensure that the designs do not become more about color than about design. Keep in mind the principles of art. 5. After you are done with your work, try to point out designs which show: a. unity between all parts of the design. b. formal (symmetrical), informal (asymmetrical) and radial balance. c. areas of movement and rhythm. d. several different kinds of contrast. e. any obvious patterns. f. a focal point or center of interest. g. all seven principles due to outstanding organization of the basic elements within the design. 6. Mount your work in your portfolio.

Activity 4: Crayon Etching

Materials Needed: Paper Crayons Popsicle stick or nail or an empty ballpen Directions: 1. Fill the paper with crayon shapes or patterns making sure to press hard. Use light colors at this stage. 18

2. Once you have filled the paper with crayons patterns, color heavily over the whole paper using black crayon. 3. Plan out a picture or design and using the popsicle stick or paper clip, a nail or empty ballpen, scratch the design into the black crayon. The light colors will show through where you scrape away the black. 4. To finish your work polish the picture by rubbing wax paper on it -- to give it a shine. You can also use a clean piece of cloth or even a plastic bag.

TRANSFER YOUR UNDERSTANDING

After reading, analyzing and doing the activities in the book, you are now ready to execute what you have just learned.

Activity 1: Paper Bead

Materials Needed: Colored magazine pages or newspaper Scissor glue/paste ruler/pencil 1. Making use of magazine or newspaper measure the pattern as shown in the picture 2.Glue up the middle of the triangle and roll round a stick starting with the widest part 2. Make around 50 to 70 pieces of the beads and connect the beads using a sewing thread or a crochet thread to make a necklace or a bracelet depending on your choice.

Activity 2: Create Your Own Design

List five places in your surroundings (home, school, etc.) where you may see good designs. Example: cookie package 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Draw and design in a format (square, circle, etc.) and label as many elements and principles as possible.

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If you could redesign any package of food in your home to make it more visually appealing, what would you pick to draw? What would be example of changes you would make?

Activity 3: Pulot Sining Directions: 1. Gather anything you see around you like mineral water bottle, dried twigs, stones, sticks, anything that you think can be made into a work of art. 2. Decide on what you want to make out of the things you have gathered. 3. Assemble your artwork using glue, or any material for bonding and come out with an art work of your own. 4. Be able to describe and defend your work through an essay form why you come out with that artwork. 5. Keep your work for checking.

References and Additional Readings: http://www.google.com.ph http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/links/ http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/middlelessons http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elements_of_art http://arthistory.about.com/cs/reference/f/elements.htm http://www.johnlovett.com/test.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines http://traveleronfoot.wordpress.com/2008/05/17/filipino-folk-art-in-pahiyas/

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