Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CONTENT NO
1. CONTENT
CONTENT
PAGES
1
2.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3.
OBJECTIVES
4.
INTRODUCTION
4-5
5.
6-18
6.
19
7.
ATTACHMENT
20-25
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to extend my gratitude especially to my science sir Mr S.Selvaraj of SJK (T) Ladang Kemuning H/D for his guidance Secondly, I wish to extend my sincere appreciation to my headmistress Miss Theivamary and teachers for their kind during my science folio preparation in SJK (T) Ladang Kemunig H/D. ` Lastly, I would like to thank my fellow friends and my family for supporting me to do this science fair folio.
OBJECTIVES
Define microorganisms State the significance of microorganisms. Enumerate causes of microorganisms Describe general principles of microorganisms Explain about useful and harmful of microorganisms Describe methods of preventing microorganisms from spreading the contagious diseases.
Introduction
Microorganisms (short form is microbes) are very tiny living things. They cannot be seen with our naked eye. They can only be seen with the help of a microscope. Notice that the size of a microorganism is very small compared to the size of a human. Microorganisms can be found everywhere on earth. They live almost everywhere where moisture is found. Microorganisms can be found in ponds, soil, salty water, hot spring or even snow drifts. They can only be found on the bodies of animals, people and in the air we breathe. The four main type of microorganisms are bacteria, virus, fungi and protozoa.
Bacteria
Bacteria live almost everywhere. They live in air, water, soil and living organisms. Some bacteria use sunlight to make their own food. Other bacteria feed on the rotten matter. Some bacteria feed on the bodies of living things. Bacteria exist in different shapes, colours and sizes. Very tiny.
Virus
Viruses are the tiniest among all types of microorganisms. Can only be seen under the electron microscope. A virus can only reproduce in a living body. When a virus enters a living body, it uses materials from the living body to make new viruses. Viruses can be found in some animals, plants, humans, protozoa, fungi and bacteria. Can infect some bacteria, fungi, protozoa
Fungi
The largest microorganisms Mushroom, yeast and moulds are fungi Fungi looks like a plant, but they have no roots, stems or leaves. Fungi cannot make their own food. They feed on living organisms. Fungi can be found in water, soil, air, rotten foods and on the bodies of living things. Reproduce from spores.
Protozoa
Larger than bacteria and viruses. Aquatic organisms. Protozoa live mainly in water or damp areas. Most of them are able to move around. They feed on dead or living organisms. Some of them feed on other microorganisms. Amoeba and paramecium are examples of protozoa.
Useful microorganisms
Uses of Microorganisms Some microorganisms are useful. Microorganism are widely used in food industry for making bread, tapai and tempeh. Yeast is widely used in making bread. It makes the bread dough rice and the bread fluffy. Microorganisms also play an important role in making fertilisers. The remains of dead animals and plants can be turned into fertiliser by the decaying process. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi are responsible for the decaying process. They break down the tissues of dead organisms simpler materials that can be observed by plants as fertilisers. So, microorganism can be improve the fertility of soil. Fungi are used to produce antibiotics. Antibiotics can kill or slow down the growth of harmful bacteria.
The air
Direct contact
Food or water
Animals
A microorganism (from the Greek: , mikrs, "small" and , organisms, "organism") or microbe is amicroscopic organism, which may be a single cell[1] or multicellular organism. The study of microorganisms is calledmicrobiology, a subject that began with Anton van Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microorganisms in 1675, using a microscope of his own design. Microorganisms are very diverse; they include all of the prokaryotes, namely the bacteria and archaea; and various forms ofeukaryote, comprising the protozoa, fungi, algae, microscopic plants (green algae), and animals such as rotifers andplanarians. Some microbiologists also classify viruses as microorganisms, but others consider these as nonliving.[2][3] Most microorganisms are microscopic, but there are some like Thiomargarita namibiensis, which are macroscopic and visible to the naked eye.[4] Microorganisms live in all parts of the biosphere including soil, hot springs, on the ocean floor, high in the atmosphere and deep inside rocks within the Earth's crust. Microorganisms are critical to nutrient recycling in ecosystems as they act asdecomposers. As some microorganisms can fix nitrogen, they are a vital part of the nitrogen cycle, and recent studies