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Fig. 3.12 The development of the hen egg at the time of laying
Ingression
P V
(cell move inwards individually)
Fig. 3.15 Ingression of mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation in the chick embryo
Hensens node
A
Epiblast (ectoderm)
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Fig. 4.2 Notochord and head-fold formation during node regression in chick embryo
A
(prospective somites)
Fig. 3.17 Development of the neural tube and mesoderm in the chick
Fig. 3.18 Scanning electron micrograph of early somites and neural tube
One pair of somites per 90 minutes in chick
Hensens node
13-somite 20-somite 40-somite (3d after laying)
Fig. 3.20 The extra-embryonic structures and circulation of the chick embryo
Bring O2 to embryo
Fig. 3.35 The posterior marginal zone of the chick specifies the posterior end of the A-P axis
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Fig. 4.20 Hensens node can induce a new axis in avian embryo
Hensens node
Left
Right
Left
Right
Fig. 4.4 The temporal order of somite formation is specified early in embryonic development
Somite
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1. 2.
Somite formation is an autonomous process. No signal specifying antero-posterior position or timing is involved. A molecular pattern has been laid down in the pre-somitic mesoderm.
P
Somite formation every 90 minutes
Fig. 4.7 FGF and retinoic acid gradients help to pattern the antero-posterior axis in the mouse (and chick) embryo
Fig. 4.8 The pre-somitic mesoderm has acquired a positional identity before somite formation
cervical Thoracic
Stage 10
Stage 8
-Specification by position has occurred before somite formation begins. -Identity of somites along the antero-posterior axis is specified by Hox gene expression (Fig. 4.4 and Fig. 4.8)
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- The quail cells have distinctive nuclei. - To study the fate map for particular somites
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(express Pax3)
(express Pax1)
Dermis and all the trunk muscle Cartilage of the vertebrae and ribs