Lab 9: Semiconductor Applications

Brittany Duffy EE 330- Integrated Electronics Lab Section B Professor Randy Geiger 3/28/13

Introduction
During this laboratory, we were able to use SCRs, Triacs, BJTs, and diodes for various applications. Throughout this lab, we became familiar with MOSFET applications. We designed a voltage-controlled amplifier and a half-wave rectifier. Lastly, we created a circuit in combination with a thyristor and bipolar devices to create an ON/OFF circuit controlled by a laser pointer. We used the following components throughout this lab: 2N4400 BJT MC 14007 transistor array Q4015L5 Triac Q4010LS2 SCR operational amplifier LED photo transistor photo resistor other standard electronic components

Procedures, Results, and Analysis

Part 1. Voltage Controlled Amplifier
The circuit shown in Figure 1 serves as a voltage-controlled amplifier. As the dc voltage VCONT changes, the gain of the amplifier changes as well. Figure 2 shows the circuit we built. We used 6V biasing for the op amp.

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Calculations:

Figure 2

1) From information obtained in the datasheet, determine R so that the voltage gain is 30 with VCONT = 5V. Use the n-channel transistor with W/L = 152/6 on your MOS array.
( )

126.72

R=29*

= 3.67k

2) What does VCONT need to be changed to for a gain of 10? = VCONT=

( )

1.38 V

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Experimental verification: 1) Determine R so that the voltage gain is 30 with VCONT = 5V. Use the n-channel transistor with W/L = 152/6 on your MOS array. We set VCONT=5V and Vin= 0.1 V (see Figure 3). We then adjusted the potentiometer until Vout = 3V (see Figure 4). This ensured a voltage gain of V. We found the potentiometer to be set at R= 3.39k, which is very close to my calculated value of 3.67k (see Figure 5).

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5 2) What does VCONT need to be changed to for a gain of 10? We set VCONT=5V and Vin= 0.29 V (see Figure 6). We then adjusted the potentiometer until Vout = 2.9V (see Figure 7). This ensured a voltage gain of V. We found the potentiometer to be set at R= 1.15k (see Figure 8).

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Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8 Analysis: As you can see from above, in order for the gain to go from 10 to 30, the size of the resistor must be almost tripled.

Part 2: A Nonlinear Application

Two circuits are used in this section. We analytically predicted the relationship between VOUT and VIN for - 4V<VIN<4V and verified experimentally. We also predicted the output if the input is a 1KHz sinusoidal waveform of 4V 0-p value. The parts using during this section were the n-channel MOSFET from the 4007 array for M1 and a 1N4148 diode for D1. We used 6V biasing for the op amp.

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Circuit with MOSFET

10k

Figure 9

Figure 10 Results from multimeter using DC voltage: Vout= Vin when 0Vin4 Vout= 0 when -4Vin0

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Experimental verification using 1kHz sinusoidal waveform of 4V:

Figure 11 Circuit with Diode

10k

Figure 12

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Figure 13 Results from multimeter using DC voltage: Vout= Vin when 0Vin4 Vout= 0 when -4Vin0 Experimental verification using 1kHz sinusoidal waveform of 4V:

Figure 14

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Analysis: As you can see from data gathered from the DC and AC analyses, the results match. The images show that the diode and MOSFET have essentially the same function in this circuit as a half wave rectifier.

Part 3: Laser Pointer Controlled Load

In this part, we wanted to build a circuit that turned on the lamp (LED in this case) when a laser pointer was shown at one target (Green) and had it stay on. The LED will turn off once the laser pointer is shown at the other target (Red) as shown in Figure 15.

Figure 15 In order to accomplish our goal, we designed the following circuit design shown in Figure 16. We designed the circuit using a Q4010LS2 SCR, a 2N4400 BJT, 2 photoresistors, and other circuit elements. The main idea was to have an off circuit driving the base of the BJT and an on circuit connected to the SCR.

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Photoresistor

Photoresistor Figure 16 Using the schematic in Figure 16, we were able to successfully turn the LED on and off using a bright light. A laser pointer was also experimented with this, which turned out to work correctly. Figure 17 shows our entire working circuit when no light is shined on it. When we shined the light on the photo-resistor in the On Circuit section, the value decreases, causing the gate voltage of the SCR to increase and eventually reach its trigger voltage; therefore, the SCR will be turned on and the light turns on (see Figure 18). On the other hand, when the light is shown on the photo-resistor in the Off Circuit section, the value of the resistor decreases, causing the gate to source voltage to decrease. This in turn is lower than the threshold voltage, so the MOSFET is now off (see Figure 19). Basically, the Off Circuit photo-resistor is much like a reset to the light; it turns the light off. Figure 20 shows the top view of the circuit.

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Figure 17

Figure 18

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Figure 19

Figure 20

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Conclusion
This lab was very neat to be able to see actual applications of these various parts. In the first couple parts, we were able to validate the voltage controlled amplifier and the MOS transistor diode. These two functions of the MOSFET are extremely important and have been covered during lecture. While designing the last circuit, we were able to develop a better understanding of the functions and differences of the BJT, SCR, and MOSFET.

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