More than 60 percent of the population in the world is having problems, hair dandruff.

In Indonesia alone, the figure could be higher because of the tropical climate, pollution, lifestyle habits, as well as the use of the jilbab or head covering as a helmet that can affect the scalp problems as the hair growth media. Scalp disorders such as sensitive, oily and dandruff, which disturb the normal hair growth often occurs. Hair loss also becomes more serious scalp problems. Awareness to treat scalp is not as high as for treating facial skin. Meanwhile, the problem of hair is originated from the root, which is scalp. The most common scalp problems is smooth scaly scalp or dandruff, and fungal populations were more fertile if scalp conditions is overly oily. Shampoo is a kind of liquid, such as soap, which serves to increase the surface tension of the scalp so as to clean the dirt in the scalp. Activities cleanse the scalp and hair is called keramas. In a scientific term, shampoo is defined as a preparation containing surfactant in a form suitable and useful for removing dirt and fat attached to the hair and scalp to prevent harm to the hair, scalp, and the health of the wearer. Shampoo is generally used by mixing them with water in order to dissolve the natural oils secreted by the body to protect the hair and clean dirt. But not all in the form of liquid or shampoo is used with a mixture of water, there is also a powder dry shampoo that does not use water. This dry shampoo is also used by humans, more commonly used for pets such as cats and dogs which not like to contact with water. Some industries that produce shampoo or hair care products in general also issued a conditioner in order to facilitate shampoo users to re-arrange her hair. Formulations for shampoo should contain ingredients that serves as a surfactant, foaming agent and stabilizer, opacifier, hydrotopes, viscosity modifiers, and preservatives. The ingredients in the shampoo should be safe and easily degraded as other body care cosmetics. Each material must have the specific functions and roles (Mottram, 2000). Basically, dandruff is caused by "hiperkeratinisasi", which is abnormalities in keratinization process of the skin caused due to functional disorders. In this case the scalp cells grow old before their time, thus forming a hard keratin and resemble cell horns. In normal, cells on the scalp growing at a pace that is almost the same as most other skin cells. In the growth process, the deeper cells (the dermis) grow to produce cells which are pushed toward the surface of the skin, the most distant of the dermis is converted into keratin, and formed a layer of dead cells that are not visible to the eye, which is continuously removed from the scalp. Hair brushing and washing hair with shampoo regularly will eliminate dead cells that are and there will be no dandruff flakes.

Early symptoms and causes dandruff Oily skin. Many people believe that dandruff is caused by dry scalp. However, dandruff is also found in oily scalp. Layer of excess oil on the scalp can dry out, thicken and become debris in the form of dandruff. Sweat. If you exercise regularly, your sweat is more, which can also cause dandruff especially if your

hair not wash as often as it should. Mushrooms. Certain forms of dandruff is also believed to be caused by a mushrooms on the scalp. Because this mushrooms can not be eliminated completely then dandruff also can not die out completely, onl can be controlled. Other factors include: cold weather, the use of sprays and hair oil, shampoo that does not fit, less shampoo rinses clean, sparse hair washing, diet, stress and hormonal disorders. The use of hair cosmetics that contain ingredients that cause irritation, can cause dandruff. Additionally, shampoos that contain detergents (sodium lauryl sulfate) can cause irritation. The food also affects the onset of dandruff. Nutritional factors that play a role are deficiency biotin, abnormalities free fatty acid metabolism, as well as riboflavin and pyridoxine deficiency. Some foods can also affect the severity of dandruff, such as butter and fried foods. "Ice cream, milk, cheese, refined sugar (pure sugar) and foods that are too hot, spicy foods also trigger dandruff," Stress can be a trigger, because it would be an increase in the hormone androgen, which then continues and triggers of excessive oil glands causing scalp easily separated.

In essence, the anionic surfactant in shampoo will form micelles that will attract dirt on the hair will then be lost by flushing with water. After the hair clean, cationic conditioners molecule will be attracted to the anionic surface of the hair. The results are coated with hair conditioner and so they will be soft.

At acidic pH (4-6), the cuticle will be docked so that the light / photons (denoted by hv, will be reflected perfectly, so the effect will look shiny hair. While at alkaline pH (greater than 7), will be reflected irregular and light will be scattered , so the hair will look dull.

Shampoo is produced by simple mixing in a container with stirring. Sometimes it is necessary to setting the temperature or the temperature is raised to reduce viscosity and to make easier mixing. Containers used must be plated stainless steel. (Visvanatan, 2007).

Softener (conditioner) is a hair care cosmetics used after washing hair to make hair will easily combed, styled and shaped. Intended use of conditioner is: a. Lower the friction between the hair so the hair will easily combed. b. Restore hair damaged by overshampooed, overbrushed, overcombed, curling, coloring, and styling. c. Cleaning the remain of the shampoo which is still leave behind on the scalp and hair. d. Hair neutralizing solution. Originally conditioner is used as cosmetic which is use after using shampoo. But now tend to be one with shampoo, such as cosmetics shampoo 2 in 1 or even 3 in 1 (plus vitamins). If it becomes one with

shampoo, conditioner is for dry, damaged or in treatment hair. In a 2 in 1 shampoo which is use for normal hair or oily hair, conditioners used only who have moderate or minimal power. Incorporation of shampoo and conditioner in one cosmetics still be a problem because it is difficult to understand how the logical when a cosmetics can clean dirt and oil as well, also softens with giving oil. If this happens it means that cosmetics do not have the power of a good job cleaning and not also have the power of a good softener. Basically a conditioner will be separated with shampoo, can be found in the form of cosmetics with various types, among others: a. Softener immediately (Instant Conditioner) Softener is used after the administration of shampoo and immediately washed, contain cationic detergents (Quartenery Amonium Compound), film forming (Polivinil Pirolidon) or animal protein. b. Softener to work deep (Deep Conditioner) Contains the same detergent with a higher concentration to very dry hair, or being treated with aroma therapy. c. Blow Dry Lotion, lotion non fat used on oily hair. d. Hair Glaze to thicken hair by wrapped the hair shaft so hair will look thicker. e. Rinse hair, use soon after the administration of shampoo and rinsed before the hair is dried.

What a conditioner will do for you In addition to detangling hair (rendering it more manageable), a conditioner will give hair a sleeker, healthier appearance. The conditioner coats the hair shaft, causing the cuticles to lie flat, enabling it to reflect light. The hair appears shinier. The conditioner also serves as a protectant to the cuticles and hair shafts, while sealing in moisture. Many will attract moisture from the air. Conditioners reduce combing friction and the force required when combing.