Electric vehicles and battery technology a game

changer

Sohail Hasnie Principal Energy Specialist Southeast Asia Department Asian Development Bank

Outline
Paradigm Shift

E-trike Pilot
Scale up in the Philippines Scale up in the ASEAN region

We cannot solve our problems (Climate Change) with the same thinking we used when we created them.

Paradigm Shift!

Electric Car

Source: David Beeton

Paradigm Shift: Electric cars are not so slow!

Source: http://www.teslamotors.com/

Where?

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/electric_vehicles/pdfs/eveverywhere_blueprint.pdf

Cost of batteries

Source: http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/the_cost_of_portable_power

How much for Lithium Ion battery:

$/kWh?
$500/kWh or $1000 / kWh
Tesla: 40 kWh $20,000 ----- $40,000

24 kWh $12,000 ---- $24,000 Philippine e-Trike: 3 kWh $1,500 ---- $3,000
Nissan Leaf:

Paradigm Shift
Data storage (kbytes)
vs

Energy storage (kWhs)

Density changes: data storage

40 KB (1982) 1.4 MB (1988)

30 years

2012

6,400,000 times increase!!!

256,000,000 KB

Price changes: data storage!!

20 years!!

$300 /MB

to 0.1

c/MB
/

say $256!

Source: http://www.kotzendes-einhorn.de/blog/2011-06/the-hard-disk-youve-been-waiting-for-na-endlich

Storage Technology

Price say about $400- $600 / kWh 24 kWh weighs 300 kg 80 Wh per kg

If it reduces to say

$50 / kWh

1000 Wh per kg
Where will be renewable energy?

ever !!!

Source: IEA

Skepticism? Denial?

Source: unknown

Source:

Source:

Source:

 Question?
How will your world will look like with

$50 / kWh 1000 Wh / kg

Car replacing remote distribution lines??

240 kWh can light up

1200, 20 Watt LEDs for 10 hours One light every 50 meter

60 km of public lighting!!!

Largest Battery Storage?

140 MW of wind and solar 1400 MW 36 MWh of storage 360 MWh

Goal: stable electricity supply using renewable energy

Source: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20111230005239/en/China%E2%80%99s-State-GridBYD-Launch-World%E2%80%99s-Largest

Hybrid Car Carrier: Emerald Ace

Completed June 2012 equipped with a hybrid electric power supply system 160kW solar generation system 2.2 MWh Lithium-ion battery storage when the ship is in berth, the batteries provide all the electricity

Source: http://www.marinelink.com/news/completed-carrier-hybrid345892.aspx

Electric boats?

Commercially available

Source: http://www.aquawatt.at/en/electric-yacht-717.php
Source: wikitravel

Source: wikipedia-Passenger solar boat Solifleur, Switzerland 1995

Electric Ferries
2 ferreis
900 ton ship 150 passengers 23 cars six ton of Lithium Ion batteries 22 million pounds

Philippine E-Trike Project

Philippine E-Trike Project
February 2013

Solution Space: Electric Vehicles

Top of the Pyramid

Range: 350

km Speed: 200 km/h Air-conditioners

Price:
Bottom of the Pyramid

Best Possible Safety Standards

160 km range 3-years or 100,000 km Standard Warranty

$35,000

24 kWh battery

Range: 35-50

km Speed: 45 km/h NO Air-conditioners

Price:

Minimum Safety Standards

3 kWh battery as
45 km range

$4 per day

$3,000 to 4,000

3-years Standard Warranty

Battery Choices

Lead Acid

Pilot 1
(Dec 2010)

$800 Life: 200 charges 140 kg

slow-charge only

Lithium Ion

72% lighter

$1,500 Life: 2,000 charges 40 kg

slow and fast-charge

The 20 Unit Pilot

(April 2011 ongoing)

More than

600,000 km

The 20 Unit Pilot

Range test (continuous running)

B4:62.21 62.21km km B4: B7: B7:41.89 41.89km km

A2: 90.33 km A2: 90.33 km A1: 72.53 km A1: 72.53 km

Boracay
507 tricycles Fare P75 to P100 per trip or P20 per passenger for an average of 10 passengers per trip. Average fuel consumption: 6 liters per day Pump price: P 64 per liter Average P 700 net daily income daily 40% drivers own tricycles: tricycle is shared by two to three drivers in a day. Maximum of 9 passengers (3 front, 4 at the back, and 2 passengers behind the driver) Luggage on the roof.

Proposed location for charging stations

The 20 Unit Pilot

Grade test in Antipolo

The 20 Unit Pilot

Which one?
side by side comparison (5-years of operation)
Total cost:

$11,000

Total cost:

$9,000

Cost: $2,000 Gasoline: $7,000 Other maintenance: $2,000

Cost: $5,000 Electricity: $3,000 Other maintenance: $1,000

Drivers save about $2,000over

* In addition e-trike may increase income by $9,000

5 years!!*

over the 5-years

Source: David Beeton

Transformation through Energy Efficient Electric Vehicle Systems delivering an end-to-end infrastructure solution

100,000 electric tricycles

Cost

$500.0 million
$185 million per year
Electricity Demand

Savings:

(500,000 liters/ day $500,000 / day) Avoided CO2 emissions

Demand:
Energy: Emissions:

400,000 tons per year

6-60 MW peak 300,000 MWh 160,000 tons

Design Contest Awards

E-trike Design

Sushi Concept

2. Dimensions

Copyright 2012 Ichiro Hatayama

3. Space of Driver and Passenger Area

1260mm 1050mm 1560mm

1320mm

1055mm

Communicative interior space

1420mm 1430mm

375mm

150mm

282mm

Getting on and off easily by low floor and step

Copyright 2012 Ichiro Hatayama

4. Materials of Picture Model

Windshield Acrylic resin Body Side Panel GFRP Front Roof Panel GFRP

Front Fender GFRP

Rear Fender GFRP

Under Body Panel Wood Panel Canvas Top Tarpaulin Handle Bar Moto bike handle bar Seat Leather Synthetic leather Rear Box GFRP

Face Cowl GFRP

Front Dash Cover Wood panel

Floor Wood panel

Copyright 2012 Ichiro Hatayama

5. Rear Gate Utility

Extra Storage Box Rope Tools Box Emergency Kit First-aid Kit Capacity : 32L H : 430mm W : 470mm D : 160mm

90

Copyright 2012 Ichiro Hatayama

6. Instrument Display Panel

Position Display DNR-P Turn Signals

Speed Meter

Turn Signals

Emergency Indicator

Battery Warning

High Beam Light

Parking Brake

Menu Button

Menu Button

Odometer & Trip Meter

Battery Gauge
Copyright 2012 Ichiro Hatayama

7. Scene Images

Communicative & Open air feeling

Inside Outside
Copyright 2012 Ichiro Hatayama

1-3. Confirmation Points

1. Basic dimensions
2. Driver's seating position and passengers cabin layout 3. Getting IN & OUT accessibility

Copyright 2012 Ichiro Hatayama

Planned Transformation 2012-2016

Over 3.5M gas-fed Tricycles/Motorcycles nationwide

20 E-Trike units Pilot Project in Mandaluyong

100,000 E-Trikes

Project Scale-Up

CO2 emissions
Replacing one gasoline trike with an e-trike will save: per year if electricity is from solar or wind or hydro sources
2

3.8 tons of CO 2.6 tons of CO

per year if electricity comes from the Philippine Grid

2

1.8 tons of CO
if electricity comes from 100% coal
Source: Asian Development Bank

per year

Communications
For more information on the project you may visit below websites; Website www.adb.org/etrike Facebook www.facebook.com/etrikephl

Twitter
www.twitter.com/etrikePHL

Like Us

Bidding process underway

Solar powered e-Trikes!!

Next?

Project implemented over three stages

(scale up e-trike approach)

Grant Financed Pilot

(same as the Mandaluyong Pilot for 20 e-trikes)

Tranche 1
(same as phase 1: 20,000 e-trikes)

Tranche 2
(same as phase 2: 80,000 e-trikes)

E-vehicles involved
Electric Cars (for government fleet lease for 5 years for pilot) E-trikes

(pilot then scale up, e-trike project model)

E-motorbikes

(pilot then scale up, e-trike project model)

Assumptions

Assumptions Prices Passenger car (lease) Tricycles (own with 5-year warranty) Motorcycles (purchase with 5-year warranty)

5000 per year per car 5000 e-trikes 3000 e-motorcycles

Allocation by Country
(number and type of vehicles)

Allocated Quantitities (number of vehicles) Pilot (grant) Type of vehicle Philippines Malaysia Cambodia Lao, PDR Myanmar Indonesia Vietnam 50 50 100 100 100 500 500 Passenger car Passenger car e-trikes e-trikes e-trikes e-motorcycles e-motorcycles

Tranche 1 (loan) Tranche 2 (loan) 10,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 100,000 100,000 25,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 200,000 200,000

We cannot solve our problems (Climate Change) with the same thinking we used when we created them.

Paradigm Shift!