Chemistry 30 Oxidation Numbers NG Read your textbook pages 583586 and use the following information to complete this

s notes guide. Q1. Is an oxidation state an actual electric charge? Describe your answer.

Q2. Define oxidation number.

Q3. How do you distinguish oxidation numbers form electric charges?

Examples of how to assign oxidation numbers: 1. The oxidation number of an atom (element) is zero. e.g., Na Cl2 (each is assigned zero) 2. P4 Au

The oxidation number of hydrogen is +1, except when it is bonded to a less electronegative element, where it is 1 (as in the hydrides). e.g.,

CH4

NH3

H2O

NaH

3. The oxidation number of oxygen is 2, except in peroxides, then oxygen is 1 e.g.,

H2O

Fe2O3

H2O2

4. The oxidation number of a monoatomic ion is equal to the charge on the ion. e.g.,

Na+

Cl in HCl

Mg in MgBr2

Yuibmb, 5. In binary compounds of non-metals, the more electronegative atom is assigned the negative oxidation number. e.g.,

OF2

NO2

CCl4

NH3

6. Any unknown oxidation number is determined algebraically (using simple math) from the sum of the known oxidation numbers and the net charge on the entity. The sum of the oxidation numbers for all the atoms in a compound or ion must equal the total charge.h for neutral molecules, the sum of the oxidation numbers is zero for polyatomic ions, the sum of the oxidation numbers must equal the charge on the ion

e.g.,

MnO4

HCO3

ClO3

o in polyatomic ions or molecules that have two or more of the same atoms, remember that each one carries the same (single) oxidation number e.g.,

CH3COOH o carbon is a special case you will have to determine it algebraically Practice Problems 1. Determine the oxidation number of (a) S in SO2 (c) S in SO42 (e) I in MgI2

(b)

Cl in HClO4

(d)

Cr in Cr2O72

(f)

H in CaH2

2. (a)

Determine the oxidation number of nitrogen in N2O(g) (d) NH3(g) (g) N2(g)

(b)

NO(g)

(e)

N2H4(g)

(h)

NH4Cl

(c)

NO2 (g)

(f)

NaNO3(s)

3. (a)

Determine the oxidation number of carbon in graphite (elemental carbon) (c) sodium carbonate

(b)

glucose

(d)

carbon monoxide

4.

Determine the oxidation number of every atom or ion in the following chemical equation.

2 ClO3(aq) + 2 Cl(aq) + 4 H+(aq) 2 ClO2(g) + Cl2(g) + 2 H2O(l)

5.

Determine the oxidation number of carbon in each of the compounds in the following series of oxidations. methane methanol methanal methanoic acid carbon dioxide

CH4

CH3OH

CH2O

HCOOH

CO2

6.

Assign oxidation numbers to chlorine in each of the following chemicals.

HCl(aq),

Cl2(g),

NaClO(s),

Cl(aq),

HClO3(aq),

ClO3(aq),

KClO2(s),

ClO2(g),

HClO4(aq)

7.

Assign oxidation numbers to manganese in each of the following chemicals.

MnO2(s),

KMnO4(s),

Mn(s),

MnO42(aq),

MnCl2(s),

Mn2O7(s),

Mn2+(aq)